A mawãƙi Dzhordzh Bayron: biography da ayyukansu

Dzhordzh Bayron, photo, kuma biography wanda za ka ga a wannan labarin, an wajaba dauke da wani babban English mawãƙi ne. Shekaru ransa - 1788-1824. Tare da zamanin Romanticism ne inextricably nasaba kerawa George Byron. Lura cewa Romanticism tashi a cikin marigayi 18th - farkon karni na 19th a Yammacin Turai. Wannan Trend in art fito a matsayin sakamakon Faransa juyin juya halin da kuma haske, hade da shi.

romanticism Byron

Mutanen da suka yi kokarin zaton progressively, sun m tare da sakamako na juyin juya halin. Bugu da kari, da manufofin da martani an inganta. Romance a sakamakon wannan tsaga cikin biyu sabani sansani. Wasu kira ga al'umma su koma ga patriarchal hanyar rayuwa, to hadisai na tsakiyar zamanai, ta yi watsi da bayani na gaggawa matsaloli. Wasu kira domin ci gaba da harka da Faransa juyin juya halin. Sun nemi su sa akida na yanci, daidaito da kuma fraternity. Dzhordzh Bayron shiga ta zuwa gare su. Za'ayi da gwamnatin Birtaniya mulkin mallaka siyasa, ya sharply tsawata. Byron yi magana da tallafi na anti-mutane dokokin da danniya. Wannan ya sa mai girma rashin biyan bukata da gwamnati.

Rayuwa a gudun hijira

A 1816, da mawãƙi fara da maƙiya yaƙin neman zaɓe. Ya yi har abada bar ƙasarsa ta Ingila. An gudun hijira a} asar waje, na rayayye halarci gwagwarmaya na Greek kuma Italian Carbonari 'yan tawayen neman' yancin. An sani cewa A. Pushkin dauke da baiwa da mawãƙi-tawayen. A Banasare dadin mai girma shahararsa a tsakanin Decembrists. Belinsky, wani fitaccen Rasha zargi, kuma bai wuce da hankali. Game da Byron ya yi magana kamar yadda wani mawãƙi, wanda ya yi babban taimako ga duniya wallafe-wallafe. Kada ka so ka san shi da kyau? Mun bayar da shawarar karanta wani cikakken tarihinsa na Byron.

Origin Byron

An haife shi a birnin London a kan Janairu 22, 1788 Its asalinsa high daga biyun da mahaifinsa da mahaifiyarsa ta gefe. Kuma Dzhon Bayron, kuma Ketrin Gordon zo daga mafi girman aristocracy. Duk da haka, da mawãƙi shige yara a matsananci talauci.

Gaskiyar cewa Dzhon Bayron, Guards jami'in (hoton sama), ya jagoranci wani sosai gagarumar rayuwa. The mahaifin na mawãƙi watandar cikin wani gajeren lokaci da biyu manyan jihohin wanda ya tafi da shi daga farko, kuma daga na biyu matarsa, macen ta. John ta farko da aure ne da 'yar Augustus. Ta aka kawo up da na kaka, da kuma kawai a 1804 fara ta da abota da stepbrother.

jariri

Iyaye nan da nan bayan haihuwar George wãtsattsiya. The mahaifin tafi France ya mutu a can. A Scotland birnin Aberdeen ya faru farkon yara nan gaba mawãƙi ne. A nan sai ya yi karatu a nahawu makaranta. A ƙarshen uku sa kalmar zo daga Ingila da cewa babban-kawun George mutu. Saboda haka Byron gaji da lakabi na Ubangiji ya iza kuma Newstead Abbey - patrimony, located in Nottingham County.

Kuma da castle kuma Estate a disrepair. Kudi domin su maido bai isa ba. Saboda haka, mahaifiyar George Byron yanke shawarar hayan Newstead Abbey. Ta kanta, tare da danta da ya zauna a Southwell nan kusa.

Wannan hadari da yara da kuma matasa Byron?

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka Byron hadari ba kawai rashin kudi. Gaskiyar cewa George ya haifa gurgu. Doctors ƙirƙira daban-daban na'urorin mu jimre a yi ɗingishi, amma shi bai wuce. An sani cewa Byron mahaifiyar m hali. Ta zargi dan a cikin zãfi na wani misãli ba, cewa wani nakasar da cewa ya sa zurfin wahala ga saurayi.

Ilimi a Harrow

George a 1801, sai ya shiga makarantar kwana a Harrow. Yana da aka tsara don yara daga daraja haihuwa. A nan mun shirya domin nan gaba kasashen da 'yan siyasa. Robert Kwasfa, wanda daga baya ya zama ministan cikin gida da kuma daga baya Firayim Ministan Ingila, karatu a cikin wannan aji da irin wannan mai girma mawãƙi George Gordon Byron. Biography of mu gwarzo ke kan abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwa.

farko soyayya

A shekaru 15, a 1803, Byron fadi cikin soyayya tare da Mary Chavort. Wannan ya faru a lokacin holidays. Ta ya girmi George 2 shekaru. Tare, suka ciyar da yawa lokaci. Duk da haka, wannan abota da aka ba wa ƙare a cikin aure. Soyayya Maryama shekaru azaba romantic rai na mawãƙi Dzhordzh Gordon Byron. Brief biography ci gaba da bayyana masa dalibi shekaru, George.

studentship

The saurayi a 1805, ya zama dalibi a jami'ar Cambridge. A horo lokaci shi ne wani lokaci na barna, jin dadi da kuma fun. Bugu da kari, George ya m na wasanni. Ya aka tsunduma a dambe, yin iyo, wasan zorro, doki hawa. Ya ci gaba da zama daya daga cikin mafi kyau swimmers a Ingila Dzhordzh Bayron. Ban sha'awa abubuwa game da shi, shi ne ba da shi? A daidai wannan lokaci, yana sha'awar karatu. Ba da da ewa, mutane da yawa suka lura cewa Byron mamaki memory. Ya ya iya haddace da rubutu na dukan shafukan.

A farko tarin na waqoqi

Saurayi buga na farko tarin waqe, yayin da har yanzu dalibi, a 1806. Sai ya kira littafin "Die almara." A shekara daga baya akwai wani biyu tarin "Poems a kan da dama lokatai" da kuma na uku - "Hours na dama."

"British bards," Dzhordzh Bayron

Brief biography, kuma ya gabatar da masu karatu da matsaloli ci karo da haka cikin rayuwarsa ta tafiya. A musamman, a mujallar "Edinburgh Review" a 1808 ya bayyana a wani m review. Yana mana izgili da ba a sani ba ayyukan Byron. Ya rubuta cewa bai yi magana da harshen adabi da kuma shawarci masa don ya sanar shayari, ba don buga m ayoyi. Dzhordzh Bayron a mayar da martani, bayar a 1809, da makamantansu waka "The British bards." da samfurin ya wata babbar nasara. Waka msa hudu bugu.

A shekaru biyu tafiya da cewa ya sanya Dzhordzh Bayron

Taqaitaccen Tarihin ya alama a biyu-shekara tafiya a cikin abin da Byron tafi karshen 1809, da makamantansu ya gama a lokacin da waka da ake kira "A zambiyõyin Horace", kuma Ya halitta, a poetic tafiya rubutu. Travel ƙwarai kawo ci gaban kerawa da kuma poetic kyauta na Byron. Tafiya ta fara da Portugal, bayan da George ziyarci tsibirin Malta, Spain, Albania, Girka, Konstantinoful. A lokacin rani na 1811 Byron koma Ingila. A nan sai ya koya cewa uwarsa tsanani da rashin lafiya. Duk da haka, George bai iya samun ta da rai.

"Yaron Harold ta Pilgrimage"

George ritaya a Newstead kuma ya tafi aiki a kan sabon waka, wanda ya kira "yaron Harold ta Pilgrimage." Duk da haka, a lokacin da aikin da aka kammala, da editan Murray sa a gaba da ake bukata don ware daga stanzas na waka, na siyasa yanayi. Dzhordzh Bayron, wanda biography da shaida a soyayya da 'yanci, ya ki Redo da aiki.

Hoton na yaron Harold Byron embodies siffofin wani sabon gwarzo, wanda yake a cikin irreconcilable rikici da kyawawan dabi'u da kuma al'umma. A munasaba da wannan hanyar tabbatar da nasarar da waka. An fassara zuwa kusan duk harsuna na duniya. Ba da da ewa sunan yaron Harold ya zama gidan kalma. Yana nufin dadin a cikin dukan mutum ne, wanda ya nuna rashin amincewa da gaskiyar, maƙiya a gare shi.

Aiki a cikin House Iyayengiji

Ya yanke shawarar kare da wuri, ba kawai a cikin ayar. Dzhordzh Bayron zarar ya dauki wani wurin zama a cikin House Iyayengiji, wanda ya fadi a mawãƙi gaji. A Ingila a wancan lokaci shi ne Popular ludditskoe Movement, shi ne a rashin amincewa da masaƙa saƙa inji bayyana. Gaskiyar cewa aiki da kai na aikin yawancin su suna bar ba tare da aiki. Kuma waɗanda suka gudanar don samun shi karfi da rage Hakkin. Mutane gan tushen na sharri a cikin loom ya fara kai su ga hallaka.

A gwamnati ta yanke shawarar wuce a dokar, bisa ga abin da waɗanda aka lalata inji kasance da za a yanke masa hukumcin kisa. Byron sanya wani jawabin a cikin majalisar dokokin kasar su nuna rashin amincewarsu da irin wannan cin mutunci doka. George ce cewa jihar da nufin kare moriyar jama'a, da kuma ba 'yan monopolists. Duk da haka, duk da ya zanga-zanga, da dokar da aka soma a Fabrairu 1812

Akwai sa'an nan ya fara wani tsõro a kan masaƙa, wanda ya fara sukar zuwa mutuwa, gudun hijira zuwa zaman talala, su ɗaure. Byron bai kasance can wuri mai nĩsa daga wadannan abubuwan da suka faru, da kuma wallafa fushi Ode, wanda ya fallasa da mawallafa na shari'a. Na rubuta cewa Dzhordzh Bayron yana a cikin wadannan shekaru? A jerin romantic waqe zo daga alkalami. Gaya mana a takaice game da su.

"Eastern waka"

Dzhordzh Bayron a 1813 ya halitta jerin romantic waqe. A 1813, akwai "Giaour" da "Bride Abydos," a 1814 - "Lara" da "Le Corsaire", a 1816 - "The Siege Koranti." A adabi aka kira su "Gabas waka."

A kasa aure

Turanci mawãƙi Dzhordzh Bayron a Janairu 1815 ya aure Annabella Milbenk. Wannan yarinya zo daga wani aristocratic patriarchal iyali. Mata Byron tsayayya wa jama'a ayyukan, a fili ya saba wa gwamnatin kudi. The iyali a sakamakon wata jayayya tashi.

The biyu a watan Disamba 1815 'yar wanda aka mai suna Adoy Avgustoy. Kuma a watan Janairu 1816, matarsa bar Byron ba tare da bayani. Iyayenta nan da nan qaddamar da kisan aure aikace-aikace. Byron a wannan lokaci halitta wasu ayyukan sadaukar domin Napoleon, wanda ya bayyana ra'ayin cewa, jangwalo yaki da Bonaparte, Ingila kawo mutane da yawa da baƙin ciki.

Byron bar Ingila

Divorce da "ba daidai ba" ra'ayin siyasa, ya kai ga cewa mawãƙi fara baiting. Jaridu sun inflated to irin wannan har abin kunya da cewa Byron iya ba kawai fita zuwa kan titi. Ya bar gida Afrilu 26, 1816 da kuma taba koma Ingila. A karshe waka da aka rubuta a cikin 'yan qasar asashe, sun "Stanzas zuwa Augusta", sadaukar da rabin' yar'uwar na Byron, wanda wani goyon baya ga shi duk da wannan lokaci da kuma goyan bayan a George m ruhu.

Swiss lokaci

Da farko, Byron so ya rayu a kasar Faransa, sa'an nan a Italiya. Duk da haka, da Faransa hukumomin hana shi su zauna a birane, da barin kawai fitar ta cikin kasar. Saboda haka, George tafi Switzerland. Ya zaunar a Lake Geneva, da Villa Diodati. A Switzerland, sai ya sadu da suka zama abokai tare da Shelley. lokacin zama a kasar - daga May zuwa Oktoba 1816 A wannan lokaci da aka halitta da waka "Dark", "Dream", "The fursuna na Chillon". Bugu da ƙari, Byron fara rubuta wani waka "Karin" da kuma halitta uku canto na "yaron Harold." Bayan haka, sai ya tafi Venice.

Saba da Guiccioli, ya halarci a cikin yunkuri na Carbonari

Ga shi ya zama Mai ƙididdigewa ga Countess Guiccioli a wadda Byron fadi cikin soyayya. Matar da aka yi aure, amma ta ce mawãƙi a sama. Duk da haka, Countess zarar tafi Ravenna tare da mijinta.

Saboda haka, na yanke shawarar komawa bayan lover a Ravenna. Wannan ya faru a 1819. Ga shi aka rayayye da hannu a cikin yunkuri na Carbonari, wanda a 1821 ya fara shirye-shirye domin tawaye. Duk da haka, ba ta riga ta fara, domin wasu 'yan kungiyar sun mayaudara.

Canja wuri zuwa Pisa

A 1821 Dzhordzh Gordon koma Pisa. Ga ya rayu tare da Countess Guiccioli, ya riga ya saki. Shelley ma zaune a birnin, amma a cikin kaka na 1822 ya nutsar. Byron daga 1821 zuwa 1823 halitta da wadannan ayyuka: "Marino Faliero", "Sardanapalus", "The biyu Foscari," "sama da duniya", "Kayinu", "Werner". Bugu da kari, ya fara wasan kwaikwayo mai taken "sāke Freak", wanda ya zauna ba a kare ba.

Byron halitta sanannen "Don Giovanni" a cikin lokaci daga 1818 zuwa 1823. Wannan babban aiki, duk da haka, kuma bar wanda ba a kare. George katse aikinsa domin su shiga a cikin gwagwarmayar da 'yancin kai na Greek mutane.

Saka hannu cikin gwagwarmayar da 'yancin kai na Greek mutane

Byron kaka na 1822 ya koma Genoa, sa'an nan bar for Missolongi (a Disamba 1823). Duk da haka, a kasar Girka, kazalika a tsakanin Italian Carbonari, da rashin hadin kai a tsakanin 'yan tawayen da aka kiyaye. Byron ciyar mai yawa kokarin kokarin haduwa da 'yan tawayen. George ciyar da yawa ƙungiya aiki, kokarin haifar da guda tawayen sojojin. Very siga a lokacin da aka mawãƙi ta rayuwa. Bugu da kari, ya na da sanyi. Byron rubuta a kan ranar 36th birthday waka, da ake kira "Yau, na yi shekaru 36 da haihuwa."

The mutuwar Byron

Ya kasance sosai kau saboda rashin lafiya na Ada, ta yar. Ba da da ewa, duk da haka, Byron samu wata wasika da sako cewa ta warke. George zuwa bikin, ya hau dokinsa ya tafi yawo. Duk da haka, ruwan sama ya fara, wanda ya zama m ga mai sanyi mawãƙi ne. George Byron ta rayuwa da aka yanka a takaice Afrilu 19, 1824.

Byron da babban tasiri a kan duniya adabi na karni na 19th. Akwai ma dukan sabon Trend da aka sani da "Byronism" wanda aka nuna a cikin ayyukan Lermontov da Pushkin. Kamar yadda na yammacin Turai, rinjayar da mawãƙi ji Genrih Geyne, Viktor Gyugo, Adam Mitskevich. Bugu da ƙari, Byron ta waka kafa tushen m aiki Roberta Shumana, Hector Berlioz da Petra Chaykovskogo. Don wannan rana, a cikin adabi akwai sakamako na irin wannan mawãƙi George Byron. Biography da kerawa na ta amfani ga mutane da yawa masu bincike.