Aleksey Yakovlevich Kapler: rai labarin da biography

Kapler Aleksey Yakovlevich - Soviet screenwriter, actor, director da kuma watsa. An haife shi a wani iyali na arziki Yahudawa kasuwa da kuma ya saba wa buri na ubansa, ya fara yin a kan mataki. Ya aka ƙaddara zama na farko ƙaunataccen 'yar Stalina Svetlany Alliluevoy da karshe soyayya talented poetess Yulia Druninoy. Ya "Cinema" yana daga cikin mafi rare TV shows na Soviet talabijin, da kuma fina-finai a kan wanda ya yi aiki, suna Masterpieces na kasa cinema.

Haihuwa da iyali

Aleksey Yakovlevich Kapler aka haife kan Satumba 28, 1903 (bisa ga sauran kafofin - 1904) a Kiev, wani m Yahudawa iyali. A haihuwa ya aka bai wa sunan Li'azaru, amma daga baya ya canja shi. Yaron ta uba shi ne shahararren Kiev tela Kapler Yakov Naftalievich. A cikin studio, dake a cikin mall, dress up duk high jama'a na Ukrainian babban birnin kasar. Kapler masterly sewed tufafi na wani rikitaccen. Ya model samu saman kyaututtuka a duniya nune-nunen. Bugu da kari ga studio, James Naftalievich mallakar daya daga cikin mafi kyau a Kiev wanka ma'aikata, inda ya yiwu ba kawai don dumama, amma kuma iyo a cikin pool ko daukar wani ikon shawa. A dukiya enterprising tela sun kuma kasuwanci gabatarwa, wanda ya takalman daga cikin hotel "Sihiyona" kuma ko da karamin majami'a.

sha'awar ga gidan wasan kwaikwayo

Yakov Kapler da matarsa Raisa Zaharevna fatan cewa Li'azaru zai tafi a mahaifinsa zambiyõyin da kuma ci gaba da iyali kasuwanci. Duk da haka, da kasuwanci damu game da dan ta kadan. Back a makarantar sakandare ya tsanani sha'awar wasan kwaikwayo zane-zane, da kuma fara mafarki game da aiki sana'a. Tare da abokai daga makaranta da gudu, ya ɓuya overgrown bushes a kan bankunan na Dnieper, ya aka karanta da play Kapler Aleksey Yakovlevich. Yara kwashe aiki sosai cewa a cikin 1917, nan da nan bayan juyin juya hali, sun kafa nasu kananan wasan kwaikwayo da ake kira "Harlequin". Tela dan ya riga ya gudanar ya canza sunan kuma ya jũya zuwa ga Alexis. Tare da mafi kyau yara abokai Grishka Kozintsev da Serozhey Yutkevichem, wanda daga baya ya zama sananne Figures na Soviet cinema, Alexei Kapler nuna masu kallo yar tsana ya nuna dangane da Pushkin ta waqe.

A farko matakai a kan mataki

Sabon shiga mummers san cewa a Kiev, ba za su iya cimma shahararsa ta mafarki, kuma nan da nan suka yanke shawarar komawa Petrograd. A nan a 1921, Kapler, Yutkevich Kozintsev da kuma kafa wata masana'anta na eccentric actor (FEKS) to wanda Leonid Trauberg shiga nan da nan. Wasanni a cikin sabon kafa gidan wasan kwaikwayo, ta sha bamban daga gargajiya productions. Wakilci Kiev 'yan wasan kwaikwayo cika dara, circus dabaru lambobi da kuma iri-iri, sa a m jama'a babbar sha'awa.

Kapler Aleksey: actor ta aiki da kuma darektan aikin

Bayan 'yan shekaru a Fax ta, Lucy Kapler (as Alexei abokai kira) ya janye a biyu fina-finan. The "Ferris Wheel", halitta a 1926, ya samu wani maimaituwa kuma kusan imperceptible rawa. A wannan shekara, matasa actor wanda ya taka muhimmiyar mutum a litattafan Gogol ta "The abakwat." Bayan kammala aikin a kan fina-finan, Kapler ya tãɓe a addashin sana'a. Ya so ya haifar da nasu fina-finai, ba maimaita rubuta baki rawa texts.

A shekara ta 1927 ya koma Odessa da kuma aiki a matsayin mataimakin shahara darektan Alexander Dovzhenko film "Arsenal". Duk da haka, a tsawon tafiya zuwa mataimakansa m Aleksey Yakovlevich Kapler iya ba. A 1930, ya janye a matsayin darektan farko film, "The dama na mace", kuma da wadannan shekara ya wallafa na biyu faifai na film "Mine ne 12-28." Amma Lyusyu Kaplera m acin rai a kantin sayar da: Soviet hukuma haramta nuna duka biyu da darektan ta aiki. A wannan yanayin, film "The dama na mace" da aka ayyana decadent saboda gaskiyar cewa ta babban harafin bar mijinta, wanda ya kange ta yi nazarin a institute.

A zuwa na nasara

Bayan da ban fina-finan ba su daina Kapler Aleksey Yakovlevich. Tarihinsa ya nuna cewa shi mutum ne da karfin gwuiwan da kuma wuya karai saboda real. Bayan kasa a shiryarwa ba, Kapler fara koyon sana'a na screenwriter. A wannan filin na Alexey Yakovlevich tsammani unprecedented nasara. Domin ya screenplays ga film "Lenin a watan Oktoba" da "Lenin a 1918" a cikin 1941, ya aka bayar da babbar Stalin Prize. Daga baya Kapler ya kasance daya daga cikin shahararrun Soviet marubuta. Ya yi aiki a irin wannan fina-finan a matsayin "Kotovsky", "Domin na yi nuni da sashen kantin sayar da", "Taguwar jirgin", "Amphibian Man", "The Blue Bird" da sauransu. D.

A farkon yakin, saduwa da Svetlanoy Alliluevoy

A cikin shekaru 30 na Stalinist danniya da shi ya sha wahala da yawa wakilan Soviet kawo dukkan, amma ba su taba Kapler. Samu wata babbar gwamnatin lambar yabo, ya zama daya daga cikin 'yan wanda za a iya kira da masoyi na arziki. Amma shi bai dade ba. A farkon da Great Patriotic War Alexey Y. suka tafi wajen ƙofar matsayin yaki wakilinmu. A watan Nuwamba, 1942, ya koma Moscow da aka kira su zuwa ga Stalin ta dan Vasily to, wata ƙungiya sadaukar da ranar tunawa da Oktoba juyin juya halin. A bikin ya samu halartar 16-shekara ya na da shugaban dukan mutanen Svetlana Alliluyeva. Screenwriter, wanda ya riga ya juya shekaru 39 da haihuwa, yana da murkushe a kan wata yarinya, da kuma ta ce masa a sama. Duk da haka, don saduwa da 'yar irin wannan high-ranking mutum ya ba da sauki. Light taba fita daga gidan unaccompanied, da kuma marubuci da aka tilasta su fitar da ita zuwa nune-nunen, cinema da gidajen tarihi karkashin kulawa da masu gadi.

Ga matasa Alliluevoy Roman tare da Kapler shi ne na farko tsanani ji, ga abin da ta kasance son ya yi hadaya duk abin da ta ke yi. Alexei Yakovlevich kafin ganawa da Svetlana ya bayan daya na aikin da biyu ƙungiyoyin aure. A 1921-1930 shekaru ya kasance aure to actress Tatyane Tarnovskoy. Daga wannan aure ya girma, ɗan Anatoly. Bayan da saki, ya zauna a lokaci tare da takwarorina Tatiana Zlatogorovoy, sa'an nan ya cikin dangantaka tare da actress Galinoy Sergeevoy. Amma a kalla domin Kapler miƙa, da ɗaukaka, da gwarzo-lover, ya gaske fada cikin soyayya tare da Stalin 'yar. Ya wajenka son wannan suna fadin da kuma ilimi mace, kuma ba zai iya ba da wani abu tare da su ji.

tsaro

Alexei Kapler da Svetlana Alliluyeva Ya bai lura da shekaru bambancin da jin rashin iyaka farin ciki. Su rare ziyara kasance gaba daya m, amma Stalin, tun koya game da adult saurayi 'yar, zo a cikin wani fushi. Ya bayar da umarnin a 1943. Kapler aka kama shi kuma da ake zargi da leken asiri ga United Kingdom. A ƙarya zargin, ya aka yanke masa hukumcin shekaru 5 a gidan yari da kuma aika da yi wa magana a Vorkuta. Svetlana ma samu daga ubansa wani babban thrashing, da kuma a shekara daga baya aure aboki na ɗan'uwansa Gregory Morozov. A kan wani rayuwa, Svetlana ya 5 na aikin maza, amma na kowa daga gare su, ba a tuna a memoirs da irin wannan zafi ba, kamar yadda na farko lover Kapler.

Kurkuku rayuwa, soyayya ga Valentine Tokarski

A Vorkute Aleksey shirya quite da farin ciki. The m tare da juyayi ga sanannen filmmaker da kuma yarda da shi da ya bar birnin kurkuku. Aleksey Yakovlevich Kapler yi aiki a wani gida photo Lab, da kuma a cikin kayayyakin lokaci ya rubuta mai yawa da kuma tunani game da rayuwa. A Vorkuta, sai ya sadu da shahararrun Soviet actress Valentina Tokarski, wanda aka bauta wa wani hukunci domin gaskiyar cewa a farkon yakin da aka kama da Jamusawa da kuma, to tsira, ya amince da yin hadin gwiwa tare da su. Duk da yake a cikin zaman talala, da marubuci ya tambaye ta aure shi kuma ya karbi yarda da amsar. Tokarskaya haziqance kurkuku weekdays Alexei Yakovlevich ma ja da shi daga cikin madauki, a lokacin da lokacin da ya fi girma yanke ƙauna, ya yi kokarin kashe kanta.

A shekara ta 1948 ƙare jumla Kapler. Ya karfi da ya shawarci ba to komawa zuwa Moscow, kuma ku nĩsanci Alliluyeva. Alexey Y. kuma bai tunanin zuwa nemi tarurruka da Stalin ta 'yarsa, amma ya yi niyyar zuwa babban birnin kasar, don fitar da shi don zuwa Kiev ziyarci mahaifansa biyu. Da zaran ya kasance a cikin Moscow, ya aka kama a sake, kuma duk da haka wani qirqiro hali da aka aika zuwa sansanin a kauyen Inta. Wannan lokaci Kapler ba su da wani ni'imar. Tare da sauran fursunoni, sai ya yi aiki tukuru a cikin nawa. Kawai soyayya ga sauran Vorkuta Valentine Tokarski taimake shi tsira da wuya sau. M tare da mace ya ƙaunace, ya yi imani da cewa ranar da za su za a sake saduwa har abada.

Ganawa da Julia Druninoy

A 1953 ya rasu Iosif Stalin, da kuma Kapler, kamar mafi yawan mutane sun ƙi shi, aka prematurely saki. Da zarar free kuma Tokarskaya. Isa a Moscow, masoya yi aikace-aikace da rejista, kuma nan da nan ya zama na aikin matarsa. Alexey Y. sake fara rubuta rubutun, da matarsa da aka gayyace zuwa star a cikin movie. Amma da farin ciki a cikin iyali bai zo ba. A shekara ta 1954, da 50-shekara Kapler aka gayyace su koyar a Higher Darussan na rubutun marubuta a Union of Cinematographers. Daya daga dalibinsa wani matashi amma riga sanannun poetess Yulia Drunina. Duka a lokacin soyayya ba free kuma na dogon lokaci kokarin magance ba zato ba tsammani, yanã garwaya ji musu. Amma soyayya lashe, kuma a shekarar 1960, saki tare da aboki, Alexei Kapler kuma Julia Drunina aure.

Game da labari marubuci kuma mawãƙi ce duk Moscow. Lovers daga wani bai boye masa ji, ba gaji gane juna cikin soyayya da kuma duk jama'a events bayyana tare. Drunina duqufar da miji da yawa kyau waqe, kuma ya for shekaru rayu tare da ita, ya rubuta mafi kyau script.

Jobs a cikin firam

A shekarar 1966 ya zo ya yi aiki da TV gabatar a cikin shirin "Cinema" Aleksey Yakovlevich Kapler (photo daga saitin da kasa). Ya tsaya fita daga cikin abokan aiki. Charming, mai haske kuma basu baye, Kapler ya taba karanta rubutu a kan takarda, kuma bai sanya wani tsanani fuska a gaban kamara. Ya aka improvising, yana mai cewa abin da suka gani, kuma ba su ji tsoron tambayi baƙi tambayoyi ba quite dadi a cikin studio. Alexey Y. zama fi so abu don miliyoyin Soviet mutane. Ya "Cinema" duba ko da waɗanda suka yi kadan ban sha'awa a cinema. A undisputed shugaban na shirin shi ne kafin shekara ta 1972

mutuwa

Alexei Kapler kuma Julia Drunina an yi aure for 19 shekaru. Abin baƙin ciki, ba su da yara tare. A karshe shekaru ransa da marubuci sha wahala daga ciwon daji, daga wanda ya mutu Satumba 11, 1979, kafin su gaba da ranar haihuwa kasa da wata daya. Alexey Y. binne a ƙasa na Starokrymsky hurumi, located a kan wani tudu Kuzgun-wato Ubangiji Yesu Kristi a cikin Crimea. Ga kabarin Yulii Druninoy, wanda ya mutu a shekarar 1991.