Aleksandr Shmeman: biography da kuma hoto

A zamani Orthodox Kristanci, akwai wani karin sanannun masanin kimiyya, theologian, mishan, fiye da Aleksandr Shmeman ta mahaifinsa, wanda ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa don bauta wa da mafi Kirista akida. Ya wallafa wani littafi da kuma tauhidin al'adunmu ya juya mutane da yawa ta ra'ayin addini da kuma Kiristanci. Yana kai wata da suka cancanta suna ba kawai daga cikin Orthodox, amma kuma daga Katolika.

dangi

Schmemann, Alexander Dmitrievich zo daga mai daraja iyali cewa an tilasta wa barin Rasha Empire bayan juyin juya halin Musulunci.

• Kakan Nikolay Eduardovich Shmeman (1850-1928) ya memba na Jihar Duma.
• Uba Dmitriy Nikolaevich Shmeman (1893-1958) an jami'in a cikin tsarist sojojin.
• Uwar Anna Tihonovna Shishkova (1895-1981) zo daga mai daraja iyali.

Aleksandr Shmeman shi ba ne kawai yaro a cikin iyali. Twin wa Andrei Dmitrievich (1921-2008) aiki a matsayin m da haikalin girmama na Uwar Allah "The Shu'umcinku". Bugu da kari, kamfanin da aka karkashin jagorancin Rasha Cadets a ƙaura. Ya yi aiki a cikin archdiocese na West-Eastern Exarchate na Patriarchate na Konstantinoful, yin aikinsu na Sakataren na Diocese da mataimakin wakilin Patriarchate na Konstantinoful.

Sister Elena D. (1919-1926) mutu tun suna jarirai, da ciwon gogaggen daban-daban matsaloli hijira rayuwa.

Rayuwa Path Paris

Aleksandr Shmeman aka haife Satumba 13, 1921 a Estonia a birnin Revel. A 1928 da iyali koma Belgrade, da kuma a shekara ta 1929, kamar yadda da yawa mãsu hijira waɗanda zauna a Paris.

A shekara ta 1938, ya zama wani digiri na biyu na Rasha yar jam'iyyar kadet Corps located in Verasle. A shekara daga baya, ya sauke karatu daga lyceum Carnot. A 1943, yayin da wani dalibi a St. Sergius tauhidin Institute a Paris, Alexander ya auri wani dangi na Archpriest Mihaila Osorgina. Matarsa Ulyana Tkachuk ya zama mai aminci abõkinsa domin shekaru masu yawa na rayuwarsa. A shekarar 1945, Aleksandr Shmeman ya kammala karatunsa a St Sergius tauhidin Cibiyar. Malaminsa kuma duba na bincike da aka Kartashev A. V. ne ba abin mamaki bane cewa matasa masana kimiyya sha'awar a tarihin na Church, bayan ya shawarta. Ya sabawa rubuce-rubucensu da aka rubuta a wani babban sana'a matakin, bi da kariya, ya aka kira su zuwa ga zauna a wani malamin horo ma'aikata.

Baya daga sama da makarantu, ya sauke karatu daga Sorbonne University. A shekarar 1946, Aleksandr Shmeman da aka wajabta a Irena a farkon, sa'an nan da dattawa. A lokacin ziyararsa a birnin Paris ya quite hayayyafa, kuma da aikinsu na firist, da kuma koyarwa, Uba Alexander yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'in edita na diocesan mujallar "Church Bulletin".
Ko a lokacin da yake dalibi rai ya kasance mai aiki a cikin Rasha Kirista Movement cikin matasa da kuma dalibai. A wani lokaci ya kasance da darektan, kuma shugaban matasa tarurruka.

Rayuwa hanya: New York

A shekarar 1951, uban Iskandari da iyalinsa ya koma Amurka.
A lokacin daga 1962 zuwa 1983, ya jagoranci Tsarki Vladimirovskaya seminary. A 1953, Aleksandr Shmeman firist da aka wajabta Archpriest.
A shekarar 1959 a birnin Paris, ya kare doctoral taƙaitaccen labari a kan batun "liturgical tauhidin". A shekarar 1970 ya aka bayar da gina daraja na Archpriest, mafi girma ga daraja, a Church ga fari (aure) da limaman. Archpriest Aleksandr Shmeman ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a samun da ecclesiastical 'yancin kai (autocephaly) na American Orthodox Church. Mutu Disamba 13, 1983 a New York.

koyarwa

A lokacin daga shekarar 1945 zuwa shekarar 1951, Alexander aiki a matsayin wani malamin coci tarihi a St. Sergius tauhidin Cibiyar. Tun shekarar 1951, bayan da gayyatar da aka samu ta hanyar shi daga St. Vladimirovskaya Seminary, ya koma Amurka. A wannan makaranta ya miƙa da aiki na malamin. Bugu da kari kuma koyarwa a cikin seminary, Schmemann jagoranci zaɓe na a Jami'ar Columbia, sadaukar da tarihi na Gabashi da Kristanci. Domin shekaru talatin da ya jagoranci wani shirin radiyo sadaukar da halin da ake ciki na Church a Amurka.

Major ayyukan

• "The Church kuma Order".
• "A ka'idar baftisma".
• "Historical tafarkin Orthodoxy".
• "Gabatarwa zuwa Liturgical Kalam".
• "Ga Rayuwar Duniya".
• "Gabatarwa zuwa Kalam: A hanya na laccoci a kan yaudarar tauhidin".
• "Sharu ɗ da Orthodoxy".
• "A Eucharist: sacrament Mulkin".
• "The Church, da duniya, da manufa na: Zamantakewa na Orthodoxy a West".
• "Lent".

wallafe-wallafen al'adunmu

The Legacy wannan masanin janyo hankalin da hankali ba kawai ga m masu karatu, amma kuma shi ne mai ban sha'awa source for Western mutum, saboda karshen gabatar da gabashin ascetic hadisin cewa yana da saiwoyinsa a hamada da kuma Dates baya ga tsoho Ruhbãnãwa.

Babu shakka cewa yammacin reshe na Kristanci, Katolika, da kuma bayan shi da kuma Protestantism sun rasa wannan connection, samar da gwaggwabar riba daban-daban wadanda mutane trends, rasa a haɗa thread tsakanin sufi da rai na Church da hakikanin yadda rayuwar yau da kullum. Wannan ya bayyana by Alexander Schmemann.

Books, a kan wanda ya yi aiki, zuwa mafi girma har da mayar da hankali a kan liturgical al'amura, domin shi ne a cikin ibadar da kuma Eucharist akwai mafi girma lamba tsakanin mutum da Allah, da kuma cewa shi ne ya sa shi ya jawo hankalin Kirista da kuma ya zama cibiyar da duniya.

A cikin rubuce-rubucen, Alexander D. masani a cikin juyin halitta daga Kirista bauta. Don koyi da liturgical dabarbari na Essenes da ferapevtov da daidaituwa da liturgical rayuwa a cikin Sabunta karni, mai fadi da mashigar ruwa ya ta'allaka ne da daban-daban yunkurin haifar da uniformity da kuma gyara yaudarar dabarbari a sacrament. Idan akai la'akari da tsarin da Kristanci a cikin littafinsa Aleksandr Shmeman. "Lent" - wata muqala kishin musamman sufi reinterpretation na Kirista rayuwa, ya sa da yawa daga daban-daban, ra'ayin da a kimiyya al'umma.

Kamar wannan tarihi aiwatar da shi ne daya daga cikin manyan wuraren kimiyya aiki Aleksandra Shmemana. Analysis liturgical Monuments iya taimaka Kiristoci fahimtar halin yanzu zamani bauta da kuma jin sufi da ma'anar mataki.

Da littafin da tsarin sautinsu

A 1973, na farko shigarwa a cikin babban littafin rubutu da aka yi. Archpriest Aleksandr Shmeman yi shi bayan ya karanta wata muqala Dostoevsky "The Brothers Karamazov." A cikin tsarin sautinsu, ya ba kawai ya bayyana irin abubuwan da suka faru dangane da daban-daban a cikin rayuwa, amma kuma yayi Magana game da abubuwan dake faruwa a cikin coci rayuwa na da wuya lokaci. Babu shakka cewa da yawa shugabannin coci sun sami wani wuri, a cikin rubuce-rubucen. Bayan duk wannan, a cikin buga ayyukansu sun tunani a kan abubuwan da suke samu Schmemann iyali bayan hijira ne daga kasar Rasha. A littafin da ya tsarin sautinsu da aka gudanar a 2002, a Turanci, da kuma kawai a shekarar 2005, cikin rubuce-rubucen da aka fassara a cikin Rasha.

korau halaye

Babu shakka cewa Aleksandra Shmemana ta hali ga Tarayyar Soviet ya quite m. A ta rahotanni da shirye-shiryen rediyo da ya akai-akai zargi kasar shugabannin a cikin wani mummunan hali ga Rasha Orthodox Church. Ya kamata a lura da cewa halin da ake ciki tsakanin ROC da ZRPTS ya kyawawan mawuyacin halin.
Saboda haka, marubucin daga cikin ayyukan ba zai iya samun cikin da Tarayyar Soviet.

A halin da ake ciki bai canza ba kuma tsohon Tarayyar Soviet. A lamba na ga mafi ra'ayin mazan jiya jam'iyyar na bishops na Orthodox Church, Archpriest Aleksandra Shmemana dauke da wani bidi'a da kuma haramta karatu na kimiyya rubuce-rubucen.

A mafi daukan hankali misali ne haramta na karanta aikinsa a cikin Yekaterinburg addini makaranta. Nikon ya ba da mulki bishop Aleksandra Shmemana zamani haramun da haramta dalibai don karanta ayyukansa. Lokaci, wanda bauta yin wannan shawara, shi ne har yanzu ba a sani ba. A duk da kome da kome, Aleksandr Shmeman, wanda biography ne model na pastoral hidima, su ne daidaitattun na rayuwa na firist.