Abram Hannibal - Afirka kakan Rasha mawãƙi

Great-kakan daga cikin shahararrun Rasha mawãƙi Aleksandra Pushkina Abram Hannibal rayu mai tsawo da kuma m rayuwa. Dan mai daraja Afirka yarima, ya aka sace a jariri da Turks da kuma dauka don Konstantinoful. A cikin shekaru bakwai, yaron ya zo Moscow, kuma ya kasance mai fi so baki yaro Peter I. Daga baya, ya ya iya samun mai kyau da ilimi da kuma yin m soja aiki, tanã fita zuwa ga daraja da Janar-in-Chief. Abram Petrovich gangara a tarihi domin ta shahara jikan A. S. Pushkinu, wanda ya sadaukar da tarihi aikin "The Arap Petra Mai girma."

Kwanan kuma wurin haihuwa na Hannibal

Duhu fatar jiki da kuma duhu curly gashi Aleksandru Sergeevichu Pushkinu gada daga mahaifin kakansa Abram Hannibal, wanda aka haifa a wani m da zafi Afirka. A baki m na babban waƙen an m mutumin, da kaina saba da Bitrus da Great, cũtar Ioannovnoy, Elizabeth, da sauran manyan mutane na XVIII karni. Abin da ya da rabo daga cikin shahararrun Pushkin ta kakan kaka? Koyi game da shi zai iya zama da karanta tarihinsa.

Abram Petrovich Hannibal aka haife shi a karshe shekaru na XVII karni. A ranar da aka haife shi ne 1696, ko 1697. A mafi m haifuwa daga Hannibal dauke Abisiniya - yankin da ke arewacin kasar Habasha. Amma wasu masu bincike biography na Pushkin ta kakanninsa da suke karkata zuwa imani da cewa mahaifin kakansa aka haife shi a Sultanate na Logone, located a kan iyakar Kamaru da kuma Chadi. A cikin ni'imar da wannan ra'ayi ya nuna Hannibal wata wasika jawabi ga Empress Elizabeth, a cikin abin da ya kira wurin da aka haife shi a garin Logone. Duk da haka, shi ya kasance ba zai yiwu a sami shirin gaskiya shaida wannan version har yau.

A shekara ta farko da rai

A haihuwa, da kakan kaka na Pushkin, Abram Petrovich Hannibal, sa sunan Ibrahim. Mahaifinsa kuwa sananne Afirka yarima, wanda da mata da yawa da kuma yara. A cikin shekaru bakwai, Ibrahim tare da wana cewa an sace ta Turks da kuma aika zuwa Konstantinoful. Akwai baki boys zaunar cikin fada (seraglio) da kuma fara dafa a shafukan Sultan. Kuma wanda ya san abin da zai yi ya faru, idan a 1705 a Konstantinoful isa Count Sawa Raguzinsky-Vladislavich kuma sayi su a matsayin kyauta ga Bitrus Mai girma.

Me ya sa Rasha Tsar da ake bukata Afirka yara, wanda a Rasha an kira arapchatami? Bitrus da Great tafiya a baje a Turai kuma sau da yawa kallo a matsayin kasashen waje sarakuna a manyan gidãje hõrarru baki yaro. Lover dukkan kasashen waje da kuma sabon abu, da ya so ya kuma ya kasance a cikin sabis na arapchonok. Amma ba wani, da kuma rubuce-rubuce da kuma mai kyau hali. A biyayya ga buri na Bitrus I, Raguzinsky Vladislavich-na duba bayan a seraglio mafi dace su yi hidima a fādar baki boys da kuma sayo (daga wasu tushe - saci) su a kai na Seraglio. Saboda haka tare da ɗan'uwansa, Ibrahim kasance a Rasha.

Baftisma, ma'aikatar Bitrus I

A lokacin rani na 1705 sabon masu zuwa arapchata soma Kristanci a cikin Church of St. Paraskeva, Vilnius. A lokacin yanka baftisma Ibrahim da aka mai suna Abram da ɗan'uwansa - Alex. Godfather iyaye kakan Pushkin zama Potr Veliky da matar Polish King Agusta II, Kirista Ebergardina. Patronymic baki Yaron da aka bai wa sunan na Rasha Tsar kuna yi musu baftisma. Bayan wannan Afirka yaron Ibrahim zama Abram Petrovich. Ga wani dogon lokaci ya haifa sunan Petrov (a cikin girmamawa ga Godfather), kuma kawai a farkon 40-ies na XVIII karni shi aka maye gurbinsu.

Abram Hannibal blackamoor ya zama fi so na Bitrus, mai girma. A farko, ya yi aiki a matsayin wanda ya aika-priporozhnika (yaron, wanda yake zaune a bakin kofa daga gidan sarauta, bariki), to, ya zama valet kuma sakataren sarki. Bitrus I haka amintacce ya negro cewa a yarda da shi don kare littattafai, taswirori da zane same shi a cikin ofishin, kuma ba shi da asiri manufa. A 1716, babban-kakan Pushkin, Abram Petrovich Hannibal, ya tafi wurin sarki ya yi tafiya ta Turai. A Faransa ta yi niyyar zuwa karatu a cikin aikin injiniya makaranta. Bayan karatu da shi, Abram Petrovich aka kafa a cikin Faransa sojojin da suka sashi a cikin War of 1718-1820 ta kwata-Union, inda ya samu wani mĩki a kai.

A kyaftin Hannibal a 1723, sai ya koma zuwa Rasha, kuma an ado a cikin Preobrazhensky rajimanti, wanda shi ne a karkashin umurnin Peter I. Godiya ga m ilmi a cikin lissafi, samu a Turai, ya zama na farko da a cikin tarihi na Rasha Army Janar Engineer. Bugu da kari ga daidai sciences, Abram Petrovich masani a cikin tarihi da kuma falsafa, san Faransa da kuma Latin, don haka a cikin al'umma da za a bi a matsayin mai matuƙar ilimi mutumin. By domin Bitrus Pushkin ta kakan kaka ya koyar da matasa da jami'an, lissafi da aikin injiniya. Bugu da kari, ya aka karantar fassara waje littattafai a cikin fadar kotu.

a gudun hijira

Service Abram Petrovich Hannibal Peter ci gaba har zuwa rasuwarsa a 1725. Bayan rasuwar Tsar ta negro ya a cikin ni'imar da Prince Alexander Menshikov, wanda ya zama zahiri shine mai mulkin kasar. Wannan ya faru saboda gaskiyar cewa Hannibal san duk ma da zunubansa, kuma ta asĩri. Ya aka sani a game da mãkirci kuma Prince zagi, da kuma game da dangantaka ta kusa da Catherine I. so ya rabu da mu wani hatsari shaida, Menshikov a 1727 ta kawar da shi daga kotu da kuma aika zuwa Siberia. A cikin tunani ga Ibrahim Hannibal ya fiye da shekaru uku. Har zuwa karshen 1729 ya aka gudanar a karkashin kama a Tomsk, bada kowane watan for 10 rubles.

Service a Pernove

A watan Janairu na 1730 ya koma fadar kursiyin Petra Velikogo lnsaf, Anna Ivanovna. Ta tuna daga yara Abram Petrovich ko da yaushe bi da shi da kyau. A sabon empress soke azãba Hannibal da kuma yarda da shi don ci gaba da aikin soja. Daga watan Janairu zuwa Satumba 1730, ya aka jera a matsayin wata babbar a sansanin Tobolsk, bayan da ya aka tuno daga Siberia da kuma canjawa wuri zuwa located in Eastland birni Pernau (yanzu - Parnu a Estonia). Ga Arap Petra Velikogo aka sanya daraja da m-kyaftin. A tsawon shekaru 1731-1733 aiki a matsayin Kwamandan masu garu yanki a Pernovskom da layi daya koyarwa a Garrison School conductors (junior soja injiniyoyi) zane, USAID da kuma lissafi. A 1733 Hannibal murabus, ambatawa ya yanke shawara tare da kiwon lafiya da matsaloli.

Aure da Dioper

Jim kadan bayan motsi zuwa Pernau Pushkin ta kakan kaka, Abram Petrovich Hannibal, a karon farko a rayuwata yi tunani game da aure. Tabbatar da takardun shaidar wanda a farkon 30-ies na XVIII karni gudanar ya canza ta huɗu shekaru goma, ba su sha wahala daga rashin hankali daga mafi kyau jima'i. Hannibal sabon abu bayyanar janyo hankalin Rasha beauties, kuma litattafan a cikin rashin tsoro Moor ya mai yawa, amma ya taba sa up amorous harkokin soja. Ya turuzu rayuwa dade haka dogon har zuwa karshen 1730, yayin da a kan wani kasuwanci tafiya a St. Petersburg, sai ya sadu da wani kyakkyawan Greek mace Evdokia Dioper. Hũra yarinya m ji Afirka yanke shawarar ya aure ta.

Evdokia shi ne auta yar Greek jami'in galley jiragen ruwa daga St. Petersburg Andrey Diopera tare da Hannibal da saduwa a lokacin kasuwanci tafiya. Lingering ƙara a arewacin babban birnin kasar da aka aza, Abram Petrovich aka gabatar da iyalinsa. Arap mabiyin matasa 'yar son Diopera, kuma ya samarwa aure. Duk da cewa Evdokia Andreevna ya cikin soyayya da wani saurayi leftana Aleksandra Kaysarova da aka shirya aure shi, mahaifinta yanke shawarar cewa godson Bitrus zan zama mafi kyau ga ta jam'iyyar. A farkon 1731, sai ya auri karfi na ta Abram Petrovich a St. Saminu Church a St. Petersburg. Bayan da bikin aure da ma'aurata tafi Pernau, inda Hannibal bauta. Don Lieutenant Kaisarov ba rikita batun a Hannibal a cikin hanyar, ya aka canjawa wuri zuwa Astrakhan.

Cin Amanar da kotun

Auren dole ba kawo farin ciki ko dai Abram Petrovich, kuma bã ya matasa matarsa. Evdokia miji bai son da kuma biyayya ya ba su kiyaye. A Pernove ta zura a cikin matasa, soja da kuma nan da nan ya zama farka daga wani gida Don Juan Shishkin, wanda yake almajirin mijinta. A cikin fall na 1731 Dioper haifi fari-skinned da kuma adalci-masu gashi yarinya wanda ba zai iya zama 'yar wani' yan qasar Afirka Abram Hannibal. A Pernove, dating baya zuwa lokaci kawai 2000 mazauna, da labarai na haihuwar mai baki m kyaftin fari yaro ya zama real abin mamaki. Pushkin ta kakan kaka Abram Petrovich Hannibal kama ba'a ganinsu, kuma tada da matarsa ta kafirci. A lokacin da wannan lokaci da cewa da ya rubuta a ya yi murabus, wanda aka sanya kawai a 1733, bayan korar Abram Petrovich mayar da su cikin gidan gona Karyakyula located a Reval.

Hannibal ba zai gafarta wa m-matarsa. Yana da aka yayatawa cewa ya yi damƙar doke ta, kiyaye kulle up da barazanar kashe shi. Ba so zuwa rayu tsawon tare da Evdokia a cikin wannan gidan, ya fara wani m saki, zargin da ta zina. A soja kotu samu Dioper laifi kuma amince da su aika ta zuwa asibitin tsakar gida, wanda na dauke duk fursunoni. Akwai m matar ciyar dogon shekaru 11. Duk da cewa Evdokia laifi aka tabbatar, da kotu ba wurgo ta daga mijinta, kuma kawai hukunta zina.

biyu aure

Duk da yake Evdokia Dioper aka bauta wa wani hukunci na cin amanar kasa, mijinta aure a karo na biyu. Insha Abram Petrovich ya zama mai daraja mai daraja Swedish asalin Christina Regina von Sjöberg, wanda ya rayu a Pernove. Ta kasance ƙaramin fiye da mijinta na shekaru 20. Aure da ta Abram Petrovich kammala a 1736, maimakon samar da wani takardar saki takardar shaidar da soja kotun, mai gaskatãwa ga gaskiya da cin amana matarsa ta farko. Bayan bikin aure, da ya zo da matarsa a gidan gona Karyakyulu.

1743 Evdokia Dioper aka saki daga kurkuku kuma nan da nan ya zama ciki. Don aure wani sabon lover, ta yi ta ruhaniya consistory request don kisan aure da Hannibal, wanda aka gane a cikin past infidelities. M mataki Evdokia kusan kudin Abram Petrovich 'yanci da kuma wani aiki, saboda shi za a iya zargi da auren mata biyu. Divorce aikace-aikace dade har 1753, kuma ya kammala tare da Hannibal, kwatsam, da kyau: ya umarce su tũba, kuma biya tarar. Consistory furuci ya aure to Hristinoy Sheberg inganci, idan akai la'akari da laifin wannan halin da ake ciki, da soja kotu, wanda aka ba da ake bukata, don su bincika al'amarin da zina ba tare da kasancewar Ruhu Mai taron majalisar Krista. Evdokia yawa marasa galihu. Domin zina aikata a matancinta, ta yanke masa hukumcin ɗaurin kurkuku a Staraya Ladoga sufi inda shi ya kasance har mutuwarsa.

zurriyar

Aure da Hristinoy Sheberg a mawãƙi ta kakan kaka aka haife 11 yara, wanda tsira ga ƙarfinsa, kawai bakwai (Ivan, Osip, da Ishaku, Bitrus, Sophia, Elizabeth da kuma Anna). Yara Abrama Gannibala ba shi da wani yawa na jikokinku. Dansa Osip a 1773 aure Mary Alekseevne Pushkin, wanda 2 shekaru daga baya ta haifi 'ya mace, Hope - mamma Rasha baiwa Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina.

A duhu-skinned yaro godson Bitrus I cikin ababuwa ya farinsa ɗa, Ivan. Ya kasance wani shahararren Rasha soja shugaban da kuma shugaban Black Sea jiragen ruwa. A lokacin da Rasha-Turkish yaki na 1768-1774 Ivan umarce yakin Navarino, kuma halarci yakin Chesma. A karkashin ya jagoranci a 1778 Kherson aka kafa. Kamar yadda ka gani, zuriyar Abrama Gannibala zama fice da kuma cancanci girmamawa ga mutane.

Soja aiki a karkashin Elizabeth na

A 1741 Abram Petrovich koma zuwa soja. A wannan lokacin, ya hau gadon sarautar Petra Velikogo 'yar Elizabeth na, wanda ya yi falala a kansu Arap da kuma kara da aiki. Biography Abrama Gannibala nuna cewa a 1742 ya samu kyauta daga Empress Karyakyulu gidan gona a cikin abin da ya rayu, kuma da dama wasu kadarori. A wannan shekara, Hannibal da aka daukaka zuwa ga post na shugaban Kwamandan Revel da kuma bayar da fadar ƙasashe kusa Pskov, inda ya baya kafa gidan gona Petrovsky. A farkon 40-ies na XVIII karni a kan shirin na Abram Petrovich Elizabeth Petrov canza sunansa zuwa mafi sonorous Hannibal dauki shi a cikin girmamawa ga almara kwamandan tsufa, wanda, kamar kansa, ne na Afirka lõkacin saukarsa.

A 1752 ya aka canjawa wuri zuwa St. Petersburg daga Revel Abram Hannibal. Afirka kakan Rasha baiwa nan aiki a matsayin manajan da aikin injiniya part, kuma daga baya dubawa gina Kronstadt da Ladoga tashar , da kuma kafa wata makaranta ga yara na sana'a da kuma ma'aikata. Abram Petrovich aka ciyar da su da daraja na Janar-in-Chief kuma ritaya a 66 shekara.

A karshe shekaru ransa

Bayan korar baki Pushkin ta kakan kaka zaunar da matarsa a kauyen Suyda kusa St. Petersburg. Ya kasance mai sosai m mallaki gidaje, wanda ke da mallakar fiye da 3 dubu serfs. A Suyda Hannibal ciyar karshe shekaru 19 na rayuwarsa. Don ziyarci shi fiye da sau daya ziyarci Alexander Suvorov, wanda tare da mahaifinsa, Abram Petrovich wani aboki na dogon lokaci. A cewar jita-jita, da shi wanda ya yi rinjayi abokinsa ya koya wa dan ga soja al'amura.

A cikin hunturu na 1781 yana da shekaru 64 da shekaru mutu Christina Sjöberg. Hannibal tsira ta hanyar kawai 2 months, kuma ya mutu Afrilu 20, 1781. Ya kasance 85 years old. Abram Petrovich aka binne shi a kauyen hurumi a Suyda. Abin baƙin ciki, ya kabarin zuwa wannan rana ba a kiyaye su. Yanzu gidan, inda ya ciyar da karshe shekaru, Hannibal, shi ne ya tunawa estate.

The shawara kan hoto na Pushkin ta kakan kaka

Shi ba a san mu Sahaban kama Abram Hannibal. Photo ya hoto a uniform, wanda aka wakilta a cikin littattafai da kuma a kan Internet, masu bincike karshe gano. A cewar daya daga version, wanda aka nuna a kan wani tsohon zane mutumin da gaske ne kakan kaka na Pushkin Abram Hannibal, a kan sauran - da janar-a-manyan lokacin Catherine II Ivan Møller Zakomelsky. Ko ta wani hanya, amma suke dashi hoto na wani duhu-skinned mutumin a cikin wani soja uniform, mafi Malaman tarihi na Pushkin an dauki daya daga cikin 'yan tsira images of Abram Petrovich.

A tunawa da Hannibal a adabi da kuma cinema

Abram Hannibal, Pushkin bai same shi ba. A almara Rasha mawãƙi aka haife shekaru 18 bayan rasuwar Afirka kakan. Alexander kasance ko da yaushe sha'awar a cikin tarihinsa daga Abram Petrovich da aka bayyana da ransa har ya ba a kare ba tarihi aiki "The Arap Petra Mai girma." A shekarar 1976, Tarayyar Soviet darektan Alexander Mitta dangane Pushkin ta labari ya cire alama fim "A Tale of yaya Tsar Peter Moor aure". Hannibal rawa a cikin fim taka leda Vladimir Vysotsky.