Jamus tankuna "Tiger": da fasaha halaye na na'ura, model, photo, wuta gwaje-gwaje. Kamar yadda Soviet makamai soke Jamus tank T-6 "Tiger"?

Da dabara, wanda ya halarci yakin duniya na biyu a garesu na gaba, wani lokacin more recognizable da kuma "canonical" fiye da ko ta mahalarta. A hali a aya ne mu submachine gun PCA da kuma Jamus tankuna "Tiger". Su "shahararsa" a gabashin gaban irin wannan cewa kusan kowane biyu tank da makiya mu sojoji gan shi T-6.

Ta yaya shi duka ya fara?

By 1942, da Jamusanci ma'aikatan karshe gane cewa "walƙiya yaki" bai yi aiki ba, amma Trend ne a fili a bayyane matsayin tightening. Bugu da ƙari kuma, Rasha tankuna T34 yarda yadda ya kamata magance tare da Jamusanci sassa sanye take da wani T-3 da kuma T-4. Cikakken sanin cewa, wannan wani tanki hari da kuma abin da yake da rawar a cikin yaki, da Jamus ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da wani sabon gaba ɗaya nauyi tanki.

A ãdalci, mun lura cewa da aikin a kan aikin kasance har yanzu a 1937, amma kawai a cikin 40 ta bukatun soja ya dauki mafi kankare siffar. A cikin aikin da nauyi tank yi aiki da ma'aikata na biyu da kamfanonin: Henschel da Porsche. Ferdinand Porsche ya fi so na Hitler, sabili da haka sanya daya m kuskure, ƙwarai, sunã tseren ... Duk da haka, wannan har yanzu muna magana.

A farko prototypes

Tuni a 1941 da Wehrmacht kamfanonin miƙa "ga jama'a" biyu prototypes: VK 3001 (H) da kuma VK 3001 (P). Amma a watan Mayu na wannan shekara, da soja miƙa sabunta bukatun ga nauyi tankuna, sakamakon ayyukan yi tsanani sake.

A sa'an nan da na farko takardun a kan samfurin VK 4501, wanda ya bi sawun ta zuri'a Jamus nauyi tank "Tiger". A gasa da aka bukata don samar da farko samfurori da May-Yuni 1942. Yawan ayyukansu sun kasance catastrophically high, tun biyu dandamali Jamus ya zahiri sake zane. A cikin bazara na 1942 biyu prototypes, sanye take da hasumiyai Friedrich Krupp AG, aka kawo wa "Wolf ta Lair" domin ya nuna sabon fasaha a cikin Führer Birthday.

hamayya lashe

Sai ya juya daga cewa duka motoci masu muhimmanci drawbacks. Alal misali, Porsche da aka haka "kwashe" da ra'ayin samar da wani "lantarki" tank cewa ta samfur, kasancewa nauyi sosai, wuya juya ta 90 °. Mun Henschel ya kuma ba dukkan dama: da tank da wahala za a iya tarwatsa zuwa bukata 45 km / h, amma ta engine ya warmed up haka cewa akwai wani real hadarin wuta. Amma har yanzu ina lashe shi wannan tanki.

A dalilai ne mai sauki: a classic zane da kuma m shasi. Tank guda Porsche ya haka hadaddun da bukatar wani adadin wanda bai isa jan ga samar, cewa ko da Hitler ya karkata zuwa daina ƙaunataccen m. Tare da shi shi ne yarda da kuma zabin kwamitin. A da Jamusanci tankuna "Tiger" daga "Henschel" kuma ya zama gane "Canon."

Game da sauri da kuma nasa sakamakon

Ya kamata a lura cewa Porsche kanta kafin a fara da gwajin da aka haka tabbata daga nasarar da ya umurce su da su fara samarwa ba tare da jiran sakamakon yarda. By bazara na 1942 a cikin nazarinsa da shuka shi ya riga ya tsaya a daidai 90 shirye-sanya shasi. Bayan nitsewa da bukatar a warware gwaje-gwaje, abin da ya yi tare da su. The yawan amfanin ƙasa da aka samu - mai karfi da shasi aka yi amfani da su haifar da ACS "Ferdinand."

Wannan kai-propelled gun kasance da babu kasa shahara fiye da idan muka kwatanta shi da T-6. "Goshi" wannan dodo bai karya kusan wani abu, ko da aya-blank iyaka da kuma daga nesa na kawai 400-500 mita. Ba mamaki, "Fyodor" Soviet tank crews bayyane da taƙawa kuma mutunta. Duk da haka, da sojojin ƙasa bai yarda da su, "Ferdinand," ba a gun shakka, amma saboda da yawa daga cikin 90 da motocin an halaka su da Magnetic mahakar kuma anti-tanki zargin, "a hankali" sa wani dama karkashin waƙoƙi.

Serial samar da tsaftacewa

A watan Agusta na wannan shekarar da tank shiga samarwa. Oddly, amma a daidai wannan lokacin na ci gaba m gwaji na sabon fasaha. Domin da farko lokacin da nuna wani samfurin na Hitler ya riga ya lokaci zuwa tafi a kan hanyoyi na polygons 960 km. An gano cewa a cikin m ƙasa inji za a iya kara zuwa 18 km / h, kuma a cikinta da man fetur ƙone zuwa 430 lita 100 km. Saboda haka a Jamus tank "Tiger", wanda yake shi ne halayyar da labarin, saboda ta almubazzaranci kawo mai yawa matsaloli na samar da sabis.

Masana'antu da kuma zane kyautata ya tafi zuwa guda cuta. da yawa waje abubuwa da aka canza, ciki har da kwalaye da kuma kayayyakin gyara. Sa'an nan kuma, a kan kewaye da hasumiya fara sa kananan rokoki musamman tsara don hayaki bama-bamai da kuma mahakar "S" type. A karshen da aka nufi Ya halakar da makiya dakaru da ya insidious: an sako daga gangar jikin, ta hura tashi a wata low tsawo, thickly barci sarari a kusa da tanki da kananan karfe bukukuwa. Bugu da kari, musamman ga masking inji a fagen yaƙi wasu hayaki da gurneti NbK 39 (zamo 90 mm) da aka bayar.

Matsaloli tare da sufuri

Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa Jamus tankuna "Tiger" ya zama na farko a cikin tarihin na tank motoci da aka Fitted a matsayin misali kayan aiki ga karkashin ruwa tuki. Wannan ne saboda da manyan taro na T-6, wanda bai da damar da za su kai shi a kan mafi gadoji. Wannan ke kawai a yi, da kayan aiki ne kusan ba amfani.

Its ingancin ya a tsawo, kamar yadda a kara gwajin tanki ba tare da matsaloli shafe fiye da sa'o'i biyu a cikin zurfin tasa (tare da engine Gudun), amma haduwar da kafuwa da kuma bukatar aikin injiniya horo yanki da ke sa amfani da marasa amfani baki ɗaya tsarin. Motocin dakon kansu imani da cewa Jamus nauyi tank T-VI na "Tiger" kawai samun makale a fiye ko žasa a cike da laka kasa, don haka kokarin ba hadarin yin amfani da wani "misali" hanyoyi na tsallaka kogin.

Shi ne kuma ban sha'awa a cewa da zarar iri biyu waƙoƙi da aka ɓullo da wannan na'ura: kunkuntar 520 mm da kuma 725 mm m. A farko amfani da su safarar tankuna a misali Railway dandamali da kuma, idan zai yiwu - don matsar da ƙarƙashin da kansa ikon a kan deben hanyoyi. Nau'i na biyu shi ne mai fama caterpillars, shi da aka yi amfani da duk wasu lokuta. Menene na'urar "Tiger" Jamus tank?

zane Features

The sosai zane na sabuwar mota ya da wani classic, tare da raya MTO. Yana bautarka dukan gaban na kula da naúrar. Wannan inda jobs aka located direba da rediyo sadarwarka, wanda a lokaci guda aiki a matsayin kibiya, manajan kasashen waje musayar na'ura gun.

A tsakiyar ɓangare na tanki da aka sa a karkashin ƙungiya daki. Shigar a saman hasumiya tare da wani gun da wata na'ura gun, akwai aiki kwamandan wurin, sojan igwa da kuma Loader. Har ila yau housed duk harsasai na tanki a cikin yãƙi daki.

makamai

Babban kayan aiki da aka gun KwK 36 zamo 88 mm. Yana da aka ɓullo dogara ne a kan m anti-aircraft bindigogi "ACT-ACT" na wannan zamo, wanda a 1941 amincewa iza duk Allied tankuna da kusan dukkan nisa. Gun ganga tsawon - 4928 mm, shan la'akari da muzzle birki - 5316 mm. Wannan shi ne na karshe m sami Jamus injiniyoyi kamar yadda rage ikon dawo zuwa wani m matakin. Karin makamai ya 7,92 mm na'ura gun MG-34.

Exchange na'ura gun, wanda, kamar yadda muka ce, ya mulki rediyo sadarwarka, aka sanya a gaban daga cikin daki. Ka lura da cewa, a cikin kwamandan ta cupola, bayar da yin amfani da wani musamman da aka makala iya saukar da daya MG-34/42, wanda a cikin wannan yanayin amfani da wani anti-aircraft makamai. Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan mataki yana da wani tilasta kuma sau da yawa amfani da Jamusawa a Turai.

A general, da jirgin sama ba zai iya tsayayya da wani Jamus nauyi tanki. T-IV, «Tiger» - sun kasance sauki ganima ga Allied jirgin sama. Muna da wannan halin da ake ciki da aka quite daban-daban, saboda har 1944 da Tarayyar Soviet kawai ba su da isasshen stormtroopers mai tsanani hare-hare na Jamus aikin injiniya.

Juyawa turret ɗauke da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa rotator, wanda ikon da aka 4 kW. Ikon da aka dauka daga gearbox, wanda amfani da mai raba kaya. The inji shi ne musamman tasiri: a iyakar gudu hasumiya rotates 360 digiri a kawai wani minti daya.

Idan saboda wasu dalilai da engine aka nutsar da su, amma aka bukata don kunna hasumiya, da motocin dakon iya amfani da manual juyawa na'urar. Its drawback, kuma high lodi a kan karusa, shi ne cewa wata 'yar alamar karkatar juyawa na ganga ya gagara.

ikon shuka

MTO dauke a matsayin ikon shuka da kuma man fetur iya aiki. Wannan Jamus tankuna "Tiger" tagomashi sãɓã wa jũna daga mu inji cewa man fetur Stores suna sanya kai tsaye a cikin yãƙi daki. Bugu da kari, MTO an rabu daga sauran compartments m bangare cewa rage girman hadarin da matukan jirgin na kai tsaye hit a cikin engine dakin.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa Jamus tankuna na yakin duniya na II ( "Tiger" ne ba togiya), duk da "fetur" girma "m" ba a samu. Yana da aka saboda daidai da m tsari na man fetur tankuna.

The motsi na mota ne biyu motor Maybach HL 210P30 650 HP ko Maybach HL 230P45 700 HP (wanda aka kafa a jere daga 251-th "Tiger"). Motors V-dimbin yawa, hudu-bugun jini, Silinda 12. Lura cewa tank "damisa" yana daidai da wannan engine, amma daya. Sanyaya engine tare da biyu ruwa mai sanyaya. Bugu da kari, a garesu na engine wasu magoya don inganta sanyaya aiwatar da aka kafa. Bugu da kari, raba airflow janareta da kuma shaye manifolds an bayar.

Ba kamar 'yan qasar tankuna a iya amfani ga ciko kawai high-sa man fetur tare da wani Octane yawan akalla 74. Hudu man fetur tank shirya a MTO saliha 534 lita na man fetur. Lokacin da tuki a kan m datti hanyoyi da mutum ɗari kilomita aka shafe 270 lita na fetur, da kuma a rarrabawa da kashe-hanya kudi ya karu nan da nan zuwa 480 lita.

Saboda haka, fasaha halaye na tanki "Tiger" (Jamus) ba zaci ta dogon "m" zanga. Idan ka kawai yana da mafi ƙarancin damar, da Jamus kokarin kai shi kusa da fagen fama a kan jiragen kasa. Saboda haka ya zo daga da yawa mai rahusa.

nada Bayani dalla-dalla

A kowane gefen da 24 hanya ƙafafun, wanda ba kawai suna kurege, amma ya tsaya kawai jeri huɗu! A kan hanya ƙafafun amfani da roba tayoyin, a kan sauran da suka kasance karfe, amma ta amfani da wani ƙarin tsarin na ciki depreciation. Ka lura da cewa Jamus tank T-6 "Tiger" yana da matukar muhimmanci drawback cewa shi ba zai yiwu ya kawar: Saboda musamman high lodi sosai da sauri sa bandages na rollers.

Daga game da 800th inji a duk rinks fara saka karfe band da kuma na ciki cushioning. Domin ya rage wuya da kuma rage kudin da gina guda waje rinks aka kuma cire daga aikin. Af, kazalika da janar kudin Wehrmacht Jamus tank "Tiger"? samfurin farko model shekara 1943 aka kiyasta ta daban-daban kafofin, jere daga 600 dubbai zuwa 950 tysyach Reichsmarks.

Amfani da su iko da matuƙin jirgin ruwa, kamar babur dabaran: ta hanyar amfani da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa drive wani tanki yin la'akari 56 ton saukin sarrafa danniya daya hannun. Change kaya iya zama kawai biyu yatsunsu. Af, wannan tank PPC ya istinbadi girman kai na designers: robotic, hudu a gaba giya da kuma biyu - da suka wuce (!).

Ba kamar mu tankuna, inda mehvoda iya zama wani sosai gogaggen mutum a kan kwarewa wanda sau da yawa dogara a kan rayuwa na dukan ma'aikatan jirgin da jagorantar kungiyar na "Tiger" iya dauka kusan duk wani infantryman, kafin tuki a babur a kalla. Saboda wannan, a hanya, post mehvoda "Tiger" wani abu na musamman ba, su gani, yayin da wani direba T-34 da aka kusan babban tanki kwamandan.

A makamai kariya

The hali - a akwatin-dimbin yawa, ta abubuwa suna faruwa "a karu" da kuma welded. Armor-birgima zanen gado, tare da Additives na chromium da molybdenum, cemented. Wasu masu tarihi sun soki lamirin "akwatin-dimbin yawa", "Tiger", amma abu na farko, da riga ba cheap don haka inji iya zama a kalla a matsayin wani abu da sauki. Na biyu, mafi mahimmanci, har sai 1944 fagen fama ba guda Allied tank, wanda zai iya buga da T-6 a frontal tsinkaya. To, idan ba a mayar da hankali.

Saboda haka da cewa Jamus nauyi tank T-VI «Tiger" a lokacin da halittar da aka sosai kafaffen na'ura. A gaskiya, wannan ya aka ƙaunar da motocin dakon Wehrmacht. Af, da Soviet makami soke Jamus tank "Tiger"? More daidai, abin da makamai?

Me Soviet makami soke "Tiger"

A frontal makamai yana mai kauri daga 100 mm, gefe da kuma abinci - 82 mm. Wasu soja masana tarihi yi imani da cewa saboda "yankakken" siffofin gidaje tare da "Tiger" nasarar iya yaƙi da mu ZIS-3 zamo 76 mm, amma akwai wasu tausasãwa:

• Da farko, kayar da goshi fiye ko žasa da tabbacin kawai tare da mita 500, amma substandard makamai sokin projectiles sau da yawa ba soki da makamai na wani ingancin farko "Tigers", ko a kusa da iyaka.
• Na biyu, mafi mahimmanci, a fagen yaƙi da shi, ya rarrabu "polkovushka" zamo 45 mm, wanda shi ne a goshi T-6 bai dauki a duk. Ko da shi ya shiga gefen shigar azzakari cikin farji za a iya tabbatar har da mita 50, kuma shi ne ba gaskiya ne ba.
• Igwa F-34 T-34-76 ma bai haskaka ba, har ma da yin amfani da subcaliber "coils" halin da ake ciki gyara rauni. Gaskiyar ita ce, ko da sokin bawo wannan gun amince dauki a kan "Tiger" da kawai 400-500 mita. Kuma a sa'an nan - dauka cewa "faifai" ya mai inganci cewa ba ko da yaushe.

Tun Soviet makamai soke Jamus tank "Tiger" ne ba ko da yaushe tankuna da aka bai mai sauki domin: harba makamai sokin kawai idan akwai 100% damar bugawa. Don haka shi ne zai yiwu don rage amfani da} arancin da tsada sosai tungsten carbide. Saboda haka cewa Soviet igwa iya buga fitar da wani T-6 ne kawai a daidaituwa da dama yanayi:

• Kananan nesa.
• Da mai kyau kwana.
• A ingancin harsashi.

Saboda haka har fiye ko žasa da taro bayyanar da T-34-85 a shekarar 1944 da kuma jikewa dakarun kai-propelled bindigogi SU-85/100/122 da kuma "dayansu" SU / ISU-152 "Tigers" sun matukar hatsari makiyan mu sojoji.

Halaye fama amfani

Game da yadda koyaswar Jamus tank T-6 "Tiger" umarnin Wehrmacht, ya ce akalla gaskiya cewa sabon dabara naúrar sojojin da aka halitta musamman domin wadannan motoci - nauyi tank bataliya. Kuma shi ne mai raba, tsaya-shi kadai bangare, yana da hakkin m mataki. Mene ne halayyar da 14 battalions farko halitta daya yi a Italiya - daya a Afrika, da kuma sauran 12 - a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Wannan ba wani tunani na ferocity na fada a kan Eastern Front.

A watan Agusta 1942, "Tigers" kasance "amince" daga Mgoy inda mu Gunners harbe saukar biyu zuwa uku halarci gwajin motoci (akwai shida), da kuma a 1943 mu sojojin sun iya kama da farko T-6 a kusan cikakken yanayin. Nan da nan wuta gwaje-gwaje da aka za'ayi Jamus tank "Tiger", wanda ya m binciken: T-34 tanki da wani sabon dabara farkisanci yaki a kan daidaita iya ba, da kuma ikon wani misali 45-mm anti-tanki gun rajimanti ba su da isasshen karya ta kafar sulkensa.

An yi imani da cewa mafi m hali ta yin amfani da "Tigers" a cikin Tarayyar Soviet ya faru a lokacin yakin Kursk. Yana da aka shirya cewa 285 motocin na da irin wannan za a yi amfani da, amma a zahiri da Wehrmacht sa 246 T-6.

A Turai, da lokacin da Allied landings akwai uku nauyi tank battalions sanye take da 102 "Tiger". Abin lura shi ne cewa ta hanyar Maris 1945 akwai game da 185 tankuna na da irin wannan kan tafi a duniya. A total na kimanin 1,200 raka'a aka samar. Yau, akwai hanya daya da Jamusanci tank "Tiger" a duniya. Photos of tanki, wanda aka located a Aberdeen Gaskata Ground, ya bayyana a kai a kai a cikin kafofin watsa labarai.

Me ya sa aka kafa "tigroboyazn"?

A high dace da wadannan tankuna ne sun fi mayar saboda m handling da kuma dadi aikin ƙungiya. Up har 1944, fagen fama ba guda Allied tank, wanda zai yi yaƙi da "Tiger" kan daidai gabãtarwar. Da dama daga cikin motocin dakon ne aka kashe lokacin da mota buga da Jamus tare da wani nesa na 1.5-1.7 km. Lokacin T 6 iza karamin yawan sosai rare.

Mutuwar Jamus ace Wittmann - misali. Ya tank karya ta cikin "Sherman" karshe an gama kashe tare da wata bindiga harbi nisa. Daya padded "Tiger" yana 6-7 hadayu T-34, da kuma jama'ar {asar Amirka tare da statistics na tankuna da aka ma sadder. Hakika, "talatin da hudu" - da na'ura na wani gaba ɗaya daban-daban aji, amma da cewa a mafi yawan lokuta shi aka yi tsayayya da T-6. Wannan sake tabbatar da heroism da kuma ƙaddamar da sojojinmu.

Babban disadvantages na na'ura

Babban hasara ne babban nauyi da nisa, sa shi yiwuwa a safarar tanki na al'ada Railway dandamali ba tare da preconditioning. Game da kwatanta kusurwa makamai "Tiger" da "damisa" tare da m kusassari na view, a yi T-6 har yanzu yana da wani karin karaya abokin gaba ga Soviet da kuma kawance da tankuna a kudi na fi dacewa ajiyar. A T-5 da aka sosai kare frontal tsinkaya, amma kwamitin da abinci sun kusan danda.

Menene muni, ko da ikon biyu injuna bai isa ya motsa da irin wannan nauyi da mota a kan m ƙasa. A cikin marshy kasa shi kawai Elm. Amirkawa ko da ɓullo da musamman fama dabara "damisa": su suna tilasta su jefa Jamus nauyi bataliya daga daya gefen rabo zuwa wani, sakamakon wani mako biyu, rabin na T-6 (a kalla) ya tabbatar da za a gyara.

Duk da dukan shortcomings, da Jamusanci tank "Tiger", wanda yana da wani photo a cikin labarin wani sosai karaya yãƙi na'ura. Watakila, daga wani tattalin arziki da ra'ayi, shi ba ya zo cheap, amma motocin dakon, ciki har da namu, to gudu a cikin wata ganima dabara kimanta wannan "cat" ne sosai high.