Abin da gland yana cikin gland na ciki mugunta? Ayyuka na endocrine gland

Ayyukan dukkan kwayoyin halitta da tsarin shi ne hadewa da wasu abubuwan da ke ciki. Godiya ga tsarin da aka hade su da kyau, jikin mutum yana haɓaka daidai kuma a lokaci zuwa aiki na samfurori. Tsarin endocrine yana daya daga cikin manyan ayyuka a cikin wadannan matakai.

Dalili akan wannan tsarin shi ne gland. Abin da ya kamata a dangana ga ƙyamar ƙwayar cuta ta ciki, ko suna komawa ga ƙuƙwalwar kwakwalwa da kuma abin da ke cikin aikin zasu iya bambanta - duba a kasa.

Endocrine tsarin da fasali

Jirgin endocrin yana wakiltar sassan jikin aiki, wasu daga cikinsu suna da alaƙa, suna samar da kwaya, yayin da wasu suna cikin jihar da aka watse. Ana kiran ɓangarorin da ke cikin wannan tsarin da ɓoyewar ɓoye na ciki. Mahimmancin al'umar su ya kasance a cikin gaskiyar cewa ƙananan ƙafa, ta hanyar abin da ɓarna ke haifarwa, ya buɗe cikin jiki.

Its tsara aiki na da endocrine tsarin aikin samar yin amfani da takamaiman abubuwa - hormones. Wadannan sunadarai sune mahimman kayan aikin da ake bukata don dacewar jikin jiki gaba daya.

Ayyuka na endocrine gland

Bayan sunyi amfani da hormones a cikin siginar jiki, tsarin lymphatic ko ruwan sanyi, sai su fara aiki kamar yadda suka yi. Ayyukan manyan ayyuka na endocrin suna dogara ne akan matakan da suka biyo baya:

• Kasancewa cikin metabolism;
• Daidaita aikin aikin kwayoyin halitta da hulɗar dukkanin tsarin;
• Adana ma'auni a ƙarƙashin rinjayar matsalolin waje;
• Tsarin hanyoyin ci gaba;
• Gudanar da bambancin jima'i;
• Kasancewa cikin aikin tunani da tunani.

Abubuwan da suke aiki da tsarin gine-gine na endocrin sune wasu dalilai na musamman, tun da kowannensu ya yi wani aiki. Hormones aiki a jikin mutum a gaban yanayin da ya dace da jiki da kuma sunadarai yanayi. Wannan ya faru ne dangane da abubuwan da ke tattare da abincin da ke shiga cikin jiki, da kuma matakan matsakaicin matakan metabolism.

Hormones suna da dukiya don rinjayar aikin gabobin da gland a hankali, wato, kasancewa daga manufa. Wani alama shine cewa canji a cikin tsarin zafin jiki bai shafi tasirin abubuwan aiki ba.

Gland na tsarin endocrine

Gland na cikin mugun ciki ya hada da gland, da parathyroid da glandon thyroid, pancreas, adrenal gland, ovaries da testes, epiphysis.

Yunkurin maganin kawan da ke ciki, da tsinkayyar ciwon daji da jima'i suna dauke da dogara ga aikin su daga glandon gwal, saboda jigon kwayoyin pituitary kai tsaye yana shafar gland.

Sauran glanders ba su da zafi, wato, ba su yi biyayya da aikin tsarin pituitary ba.

Dukkan abubuwan da ke ciki suna wakilci a nan. Teburin kuma yana nuna ƙaurawar gabobin da kuma hormones da suke samarwa.

Gland na kwakwalwa

Gland na ciki mugunta sun haɗa da glandon da kuma epiphysis. Bari muyi la'akari da aikin kowane ɗayansu a cikin cikakken bayani.

A pituitary gland shine yake an located in Turkish sirdi kwakwalwa da aka kare ta gaban sirdi kwanyar ƙasũsuwa. Wannan gland shine an fara dukkanin matakai na rayuwa a cikin jiki. Ya ƙunshi sassa biyu, kowannensu yana samar da wasu abubuwa masu mahimmanci:

• Ƙari - adenohypophysis;
• Matsayi - neurohypophysis.

Dukansu lobes suna da alaƙa da juna, tun da yake suna da bambanci, adanawa da sadarwa tare da wasu sassan kwakwalwa.

Wani sashi na pituitary gland shine yake kullum samar antidiuretic hormone, ko vasopressin. Ayyukan wannan abu yana da mahimmancin gaske ga mutum, tun da yake yana gudanar da daidaitattun ruwa da kuma aiki na ƙananan tubules. Lokacin da hormone antidiuretic ya shiga cikin jini, kodan fara farawa ruwa a cikin jiki, kuma tare da ragu a adadinsa - don barin yanayin waje.

Oxytocin ne hormone "mace", ko da yake yana cikin jiki. Ayyukansa suna bayyana a cikin iyawar mahaɗar mahaifa don ragewa ta hankali, wato, abu ne ke da alhakin isasshen ayyukan da suka dace. Hakanan wannan hormone yana cikin matakan tafiyar da bayanan haihuwa a cikin lokacin bayan haihuwar haihuwa da kuma lactation bayan haihuwa.

Adenohypophysis yayi hulɗar da daidaituwa akan aikin wasu endocrin glands. Wadanne glandes na ɓoye na ciki an tsara su ne ta hanyar tsinkaye na kwamin ginin kwayoyin halitta kuma ta wace irin abubuwa suke faruwa?

1. Glandar thyroid - aikinsa yana dogara ne akan hormone thyroid-stimulating hormone.
2. Glandon ƙwayar jiki yana ƙaddara ta hanyar adonocorticotropic hormone a cikin jini.
3. Gonads - FSH da LH suna fama da aikinsu.
4. Prolactinum wani adonohypophysis hormone ne wanda ke shafar aikin aikin mammary a lokacin lactation. Somatotropin - wani abu wanda yake aiki shine don daidaita ci gaban jiki da ci gabanta, da kuma shiga cikin kwayar halittu.
5. Hormones daga glandal pine sun shiga cikin tsari na yau da kullum biorhythms, ƙarfafa tsarin na rigakafin, rage danniya da kuma karfin jini, da kuma rage matakan sukari.

Thyroid da parathyroid glands

Gland na ciki mugun ne thyroid da parathyroid. Suna a cikin yanki guda - a matakin karfin tsakiyar tsakiyar trachea.

Thyroid hormones suna dauke yodovmestitelnymi aiki abubuwa - triiodothyronine, thyroxine. Suna shiga cikin matakai na rayuwa, sun tsara matakin karfin jikin kwayoyin jikin glucose kuma karya kasusuwan. Thyreocalcitonin yana rage matakin jinin a cikin jini.

Babban aikin aikin glandar parathyroid da hormone ya dogara ne akan inganta aikin jin kunya da tsarin musculoskeletal, wanda aka samu ta hanyar kara yawan ƙwayar calcium a cikin jiki da kuma karfinta ta kwayoyin halitta.

Yanayin aiki na pancreas

Wannan jiki ba ya shafi tsarin endocrine kawai ba, har ma da tsarin tsarin narkewa. Hormonal aiki da aka yi da ake kira tun fil azal na Langerhans, wanda aka located a cikin wutsiya na gland shine yake. Wadannan tsibiran suna da nau'o'in nau'o'in nau'o'in nau'o'in nau'o'i daban-daban, wadanda suka bambanta da tsari da hormone, wanda suke samarwa:

• Alpha sel: samar da hormone glucagon (ya tsara metabolism na carbohydrates);
• Sassan Beta: samar da insulin (rage yawan sukari cikin jini);
• Kwayoyin delta
• Kwayoyin Epsilon: samar da "yunwa" mumrelin hormone.

Glandan daji da jigon su

Glandan yana wakilta ne daga tsohuwar Layer na kwayoyin (ɓangaren cortical) da na ciki (ɓangaren kwakwalwa). Kowace ɓangarorin suna samar da takamaiman abubuwan da suke aiki. Kayan kwakwalwa yana nuna halin samar da glucocorticoids da mineralocorticoids. Wadannan hormones sunyi aiki a cikin matakai na rayuwa.

Adrenaline shine hormone na cikin ciki wanda ke da alhakin aikin tsarin mai juyayi. Tare da karuwa mai yawa a cikin yawancin jini, akwai tachycardia, hauhawar jini, ƙararren jariri, da haɓaka ƙwaya. Norepinephrine kuma an hada shi ta wurin ciki na ciki na sel adrenal. Ayyukansa na nufin kunna aiki na tsarin sassaucin jiki na parasympathetic.

Gonads

Gland na ciki mugun ya hada da gwaji da ovaries. Hanyoyin da suke samarwa suna da alhakin aikin al'ada na tsarin haihuwa. Ga mata, wannan shine lokacin maturation, ciki da kuma aiki. Hanyoyin jima'i suna da alhakin maturation da bayyanar alamun jima'i.

Ayyuka na endocrine gland suna dogara ne akan kai tsaye da amsa. Gwaje-gwaje da ovaries sun kasance cikin ƙungiyar marasa lafiya, tun da yake aikin su ya dogara ne da adenohypophysis.

Mafi yawan ra'ayi na yau da kullum game da tsarin endocrine

Mutane da yawa sun yi kuskuren cewa duk sunadarai a cikin jikin mutum ana iya kiran su da jin kunya.

Idan ka tambayi tambaya mai zuwa: "Shin ƙuƙwalwa na ɓoye na ciki sun hada da mammary gland?", To, za a sami amsa mai ban mamaki - babu. Mammary gland yana cikin rukuni na gaisuwa, wato, ƙullarsu ta fito waje, ba cikin jiki ba. Bugu da ƙari, ƙuƙwalwar mammary ba ta haifar da kwayoyin hormones ba.

Amsar da za ta kasance ba daidai ba ce game da wannan tambaya: "Shin glandan ciki na ciki ya hada da lacrimal gland?" Daga batu na maganin maganin maganin lacrimal, da dai sauransu, saboda ba su da ikon samar da abubuwa masu hormone-active.