Phosphorus Oxide

An gano Phosphorus kuma an ware shi a shekarar 1669 ta Jamus. A yanayi wannan nauyin yana faruwa kawai a cikin nau'i. Babban ma'adanai ne Ca3 (PO4) 2 da apatite 3Ca3 (PO4) 2 • CaF2 ko Ca5F (PO4) 3. Bugu da ƙari, nauyin yana ɓangare na furotin, kuma yana cikin hakora da kasusuwa. Phosphorus mafi sauƙi yana hulɗa da oxygen da chlorine. Tare da wani wuce haddi daga cikin wadannan abubuwa da sakamakon a mahadi tare da hadawan abu da iskar shaka jihar (ga P) +5, da kuma karancin - a cikin hadawan abu da iskar shaka jihar +3. Ana iya nuna nau'in samfurin Phosphorus ta hanyar dabarun da ke wakiltar abubuwa masu sinadaran daban-daban. Daga cikin su, mafi yawan su shine P2O5 da P2O3. Sauran samfurori da ba a da kyau sune: P4O7, P4O8, P4O9, PO da P2O6.

Ayyukan maganin oxyidation na takaddama na phosphorus tare da iskar oxygen ya sannu a hankali. Hannunta daban-daban suna da ban sha'awa. Da fari dai, a cikin duhu, haske da yake tare da shi yana da bayyane. Abu na biyu, hadawan abu da iskar shaka na wani sinadaran abu ko da yaushe faruwa tare da samuwar lemar sararin samaniya. Wannan shi ne saboda shiri na matsakaici - phosphoryl PO - bisa ga makirci: P + O2 → PO + O, sannan kuma: O + O2 → O3. Abu na uku, haɓakaccen abu yana haɗuwa da sauƙi mai sauƙi a cikin aikin lantarki na iska mai kwakwalwa saboda yanayin da yake ciki. Sakamakon haske ba tare da saninsa ba, lokacin da halayen halayen sinadaran ke faruwa, ake kira chemiluminescence. A cikin yanayin sanyaya, ingancin chemumuminescence ne ya haifar ta hanyar kafa wani matsakaicin abu PO.

Daidaitawar phosphorus yakan faru ne kawai a wani maida hankali akan oxygen. Yana kada ta kasance kasa da ƙaramar dokin da kuma sama da matsakaicin m matsa lamba na O2. Tsakanin kanta ya dogara da yanayin zafi da wasu dalilai. Alal misali, a karkashin tuta yanayi, da dauki kudi na m oxygen, phosphorus hadawan abu da iskar shaka ƙaruwa har ya kai gare shi da 300 mmHg. Art. Sa'an nan kuma yana raguwa kuma yana kusan kusan ba kome, lokacin da iskar oxygen ta kai ga 700 mm Hg. Art. Kuma mafi girma. Sabili da haka, ba a kafa oxide karkashin yanayin al'ada ba, tun da phosphorus ba kusan ƙona ba.

Phosphorus pentoxide

A mafi hankula phosphorus pentoxide ne oxide ko mafi girma oxides na phosphorus, P2O5. Yana da farin foda tare da wari mai tsami. Lokacin da aka yanke nauyin nauyin kwayoyin a nau'i biyu, an tabbatar da cewa cikakkiyar rubutun da aka tsara shine P4O10. Wannan abu ne mai banƙyama, yana narkewa a zafin jiki na 565.6 ° C. Anhydride P2O5 wani samfurin acid ne tare da dukkanin halayen halayensa, amma yana kama da damshin, don haka an yi amfani dashi a matsayin mai dadi don ruwa ko gas. Sautin phosphorus zai iya cire ruwa, wanda shine wani ɓangare na abubuwa masu sinadaran. Ana kafa anhydride a sakamakon konewa na phosphorus a yanayin yanayi na iskar oxygen ko iska, tare da adadin O2 bisa ga makirci: 4P + 5O2 → 2P2O5. Ana amfani dasu a cikin samar da H3PO4 acid. Lokacin da hulɗa tare da ruwa, zai iya samar da nau'i uku:

• Metaphosphoric: P2O5 + H2O → 2HPO3;
• Pyrophosphoric: P2O5 + 2H2O → H4P2O7;
• Orthophosphoric: P2O5 + 3H2O → 2H3PO4.

Phosphorus pentoxide ya yi tasiri da ruwa da abubuwa masu dauke da ruwa, irin su itace ko auduga. Wannan yana haifar da zafi, wanda zai iya haifar da wuta. Yana haifar da rushewar karfe kuma yana da mummunar fushi (ƙananan ƙonewa ga idanu, fata), sashin jiki na numfashi da kuma mucous membranes, ko da a ƙananan ƙananan kamar 1 MG / m³.

Phosphorus trioxide

Phosphorous anhydride ko phosphorus trioxide, P2O3 (P4O6) - shi ne wani farin crystalline m (kakin bayyanar kamar), wanda ya narke a zazzabi na 23,8 C da kuma tafasa a 173,7 C. Kamar yadda wani farin phosphorous, P2O3 ne sosai guba . Yana da acidic oxide, tare da duk abubuwan da ke cikin jiki. Phosphorus oxide 3 an kafa ne saboda jinkirin saukowa ko ƙonawa na abu mai asali (P) a cikin matsakaici inda akwai rashin isashshen oxygen. Tsarukan phosphorus trioxide sannu-sannu ya haɓaka da ruwan sanyi, ya kafa acid: P2O3 + 3H2O → 2H3PO3. Wannan phosphorus oxide yana haɓaka da ruwa mai zafi, halayen da ke gudana a hanyoyi daban-daban, sakamakon haka, red phosphorus (samfurin gyare-gyaren da aka yi da shi), phosphorus hydride, da kuma acid: H3PO3 da H3PO4. Damarar daji na anhydride P4O6 yana tare da rabuwa da nau'o'in phosphorus, da kuma gaurayawan sunadarai P4O7, P4O8, P4O9 an kafa su. A cikin tsari suna kama P4O10. Mafi yawan binciken su shine P4O8.