Matsayi mai matukar yanayi a yanayin da fasaha

Ƙarfin abu ne mai yawa daga ilimin lissafi wanda ya nuna nauyin tamanin rabo na ƙarfin aiki a kan ɗakin da aka karɓa na wani wuri. An ɗauka cewa jagorancin wannan rukuni yana da tsayin daka daidai da yankin. Idan SI tsarin, wanda aka yarda da sararin CIS kasashe, da ƙarfin al'amari Newton ko kilogram karfi, da kuma yankin - square santimita (millimeters, mita), za mu samu:

P = F / S = H / cm2 = Pa

Pascal yana daya daga cikin nau'o'in yawa (amfani da aikin injiniya da kimiyya). A matsayinka na mulkin, ana nuna dabi'u a MPa - MegaPascal. Wannan yana dace don rage yawan nau'i. Kalmar "yanayi" ana amfani dashi a cikin injiniya da rayuwar yau da kullum. Ƙin lamba, da matsa lamba, za a iya auna su a "yanayi", Pa, da sauran raka'a.

A aikace, kalmar "yanayi" tana da ra'ayi da yawa: daidaitattun da fasaha. Standard, a zahiri ko al'ada yanayi da aka tsara a matsayin "ATM" (ata) da kuma misali darajar - 101325 Pa, wanda ke nufin Hg matsa lamba a teku matakin da a zazzabi of 0 digiri Celsius. Hakanan zaka iya samun bayanin 760 mm.rt.s. (Mm Hg). Tsarin fasaha ba shi da wani abu da ya dace da kalmar cikakkiyar matsin lamba, tun da yake yana da ma'anar daban-daban da kuma rassa na "a" (da). A definition jihohi: "karfi aiki perpendicularly a kan nauyi (1 kg) tare da gravitational hanzari (1g) gaba ɗaya da naúrar yankin (1 cm2)."

Akwai kuma ma'anoni:

Cikakkar matsa lamba - matsin lamba auna dangi zuwa cikakken sifili - injin (ata).

Maganin halayen shine matsin lamba wanda ya dace da yanayin yanayi (da).

Matsanancin matsa lamba - zai iya zama daidai da dangi, kuma ya zama bambanci (da).

Sau da yawa ma'anar cikakkiyar matsa lamba da wuce haddi suna nuna nau'ikan nau'ikan guda biyu. A gaskiya ma, babu wani bambanci mai mahimmanci a cikin haɗari da matsa lamba. Wannan karin gudunmawar magana, wanda ya fi dacewa don amfani da kwararru na wannan ko wannan reshe.

Bari mu sake komawa kan batun cikakkiyar matsin lamba. Kamar yadda aka ambata, yana da cikakkiyar darajar, i.a. An auna daga siffar jiki. Ya yi kama da sikelin a kan mai mulki - kuna auna daga 0 da kuma yadda kuke bukata. A yanayi, wannan mahimmanci ba shi da tushe a cikin lissafi, domin "a cikin kullun" yana da wani nau'i na yanzu. Saboda haka, ya fi dacewa don auna daga gare ta. Alal misali, matsa lamba a cikin tayoyin motarka ta atomatik a SRT tana gaya maka a cikin yanayin (ga motocin kimanin 2.2 m). Cylinders kuma suna da nau'i na auna - yanayi, amma riga fasaha. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa amfani da bambanci yana da mahimmanci.

Ya bambanta, ya kamata a lura cewa yanayin iska da tsawo, ba shakka, ya bambanta. Matsayi da matsin lamba yana canjawa da kowane kilomita. Don ayyana shi, kamata ya yi la'akari da duk waje dalilai: zazzabi, yawa da kuma cikin hanzari na free fall. Wadannan bayanan suna daidaitattun kowane tsayi. An taƙaita su a kan tebur na rarraba rarraba ta tsawo ko za a iya wakilta a cikin nau'i-nau'i. Wannan bayanin yana da amfani musamman ga masu tsara jirgin sama (jirgin sama). Tun da jirgin sama yana da tasirin ayyukan aiki daga 0 zuwa 12 km (fasinja). Sabili da haka, dole ne a tsara kowane tsarin, raka'a da aiki na injunan jiragen sama don la'akari da yanayi daban-daban.

A duniya, ana amfani da dabi'u daban-daban, wanda ke auna duka wuce haddi da cikakkiyar matsin lamba. Duk ya dogara ne da yanki da yanki na aikace-aikacen. Da ke ƙasa akwai sassin sassan nauyin nauyin matsa lamba:

1 Pa = 9.87 * 10-6 atm. = 1.02 a. = 1,02 kg / cm2 = 10-5 Bar = 1,45 * 10-4 PSI =

= 7.5 * 10-3 mm Hg. = 0.120 mm.water.st

Kamar yadda ake gani, yawan ragowar motsi yana da girma. Daga wannan jerin a cikin kasashe CIS mafi yawancin su ne Pa, atm., At., Kg / cm2, mm Hg.

Daga cikin wadansu abubuwa, a yanayi da tafiyar matakai akwai matsa lamba da kuma jimlar. Ƙin lamba shine matsa lamba wanda aka auna daga ruwan kwafin ruwa na aiki (watau matsa lamba). Matsayin duka (dakatar da matsa lamba) shi ne matsin da aka auna a kai tsaye a cikin kwarara (watau, lokacin da kwarara yake yin amfani da firikwensin).

Tsarin rinjayar mutum fiye da zazzabi, saboda yawan zafin jiki na jikin mutum yana da wasu ajiya, da kuma matsa lamba - kadan. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa tsofaffi da marasa lafiya suna karɓar gaske game da canji a matsa lamba. Don bukatun fasaha, ana amfani da jigilar matsaloli - manometers, don ayyukan hydrometeorological - barometers.