A wasa "Aure na Figaro" by Beaumarchais da nasara

Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun wasan kwaikwayon a wasan kwaikwayon duniya shine "Mad Day, ko Aure na Figaro" na Pierre Beaumarchais. An rubuta fiye da ƙarni biyu da suka wuce, ba ta rasa ƙaunarsa ba kuma an san shi a duk faɗin duniya.

Bari mu gano kadan game da marubucin da kuma wasansa, wanda aka nuna ba kawai a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo ba, amma kuma ya kware.

Beaumarchais sanannen marubuci ne

An haifi Pierre Beaumarchais a ranar 24 ga Janairu, 1732. Haihuwar sanannun marubucin sanannen shine Paris. Mahaifinsa mai tsaro ne kuma ya haifi sunan Caron, amma daga bisani Pierre ya canza shi zuwa wani abu mafi girma.

Ko da a lokacin yaro Beaumarchais ya yanke shawara ya fahimci aikin mahaifinsa. Duk da haka, ya biya mai yawa hankali ga nazarin kiɗa. Godiya ga wannan, ya sami dama ga jama'a mafi girma. Saboda haka, Pierre ya samo hanyoyi masu amfani da yawa.

Dalilin da manufar Beaumarchais ya ba shi izini ba kawai don ƙirƙirar zuriya ba, daya daga cikin sababbin ayyukan tsaro, amma kuma ya shiga cikin Royal Society of London, don karɓar lakabin malaman kimiyya kuma ya zama mai lura da sarauta. Kuma duk wannan ya kai shekaru 23.

Yaron farko da ya rubuta a 1767, an kira shi "Eugenie".

Sanarwar sanannen sanannen "Barber of Seville" ta rubuta shi a shekara ta 1773, an kafa shi ne a 1775, kuma ita ce ta kawo masa nasara ba tare da wata nasara ba, ko da yake ba a nan ba. Bayan haka sai ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da sake zagayowar game da mai hikima da mai basira kuma ya rubuta wasan kwaikwayon "Aure na Figaro" da kuma "Iyalan Cutar".

Beaumarchais ya yi aure sau uku, kuma kowanne matansa a baya sun kasance mata gwauruwa. Wannan ya kawo mai wasan kwaikwayo mai girma.

Pierre Beaumarchais ya mutu a shekara ta 1799, ranar 18 ga Mayu, a garinsa na Paris.

Ƙungiyar abubuwan da ke faruwa a Figaro

Mafi yawan shahararrun ayyukan Beaumarchais shine wadanda suka shiga cikin jerin abubuwan da suka shafi Figaro.

An buga wasan farko a 1773. An kira wasan kwaikwayon "Barber na Seville". Da farko shi ne wasan kwaikwayo, amma bayan rashin nasara na farko, marubucin ya sake shi a cikin kwanaki biyu, juya shi a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na yau da kullum. A cikin littafin farko na Figaro, Count Almaviva yana taimaka wa auren Rosina mara kyau.

Shekaru biyar bayan haka, wasan na biyu na Beaumarchais, daya daga cikin manyan siffofinsa har yanzu Figaro ne. Wannan aikin ya fada game da auren Figaro da kansa a kan bawa na Countess Almaviva, Suzane.

An buga wasan karshe na "Mahaifiyar Matsala" a 1792. Idan wasan kwaikwayo na biyu da suka gabata sun kasance wasan kwaikwayo, to, wannan wasan kwaikwayo ne, kuma babban abin girmamawa shine a kan halin kirki na masu haɓaka, kuma ba a kan rashin daidaito ba. Figaro dole ne ya ceci iyalin ƙidaya. Don yin hakan, yana bukatar ya kawo Bejars mai kyau, wanda ke son halakar da auren Count da Countess, amma kuma makomar Leon da Florestine.

Wasan na biyu game da abubuwan da suka faru na Figaro - nasara na mai buga wasan kwaikwayo

Shahararren shahararren Beaumarchais - "Mad day, ko Aure of Figaro." Kamar yadda ka sani, an rubuta shi a 1779. Tun da fari, aikinsa ya fara faruwa a Faransa, amma tun lokacin da aka ba da izini ba, ba a rasa shi ba, sai aka tafi wurin Spain.

Mutane da yawa sun soki wasan kwaikwayon don faɗakar da al'amuran sarakuna, kuma mafi mahimmanci ya fi ubangijinsa girma. Wannan lamari ne mai wuya ga al'umma na wannan lokaci. Ba a son wannan jiha na kowa da kowa. Ba a yarda da wannan lokaci ba.

Da farko Beaumarchais ya karanta aikinsa a cikin shaguna, wanda ya sa kowa ya kula da shi. Sa'an nan aka yanke shawarar aiwatar da wasa. Amma wannan ra'ayin za a iya gane kawai bayan shekaru biyar: Louis XVI bai son subtext daga cikin play, da kuma wani janar damunsu tilasta monarch don ba da damar samar.

Manufar wasan

A wani karamin gida a Spain, aikin Beaumarchais wasan kwaikwayo "Aure na Figaro" ya bayyana. Ra'ayin aikin shine kamar haka.

Figaro zaiyi auren budurwa mai suna Almaviva, Suzanne. Amma tana son ƙidaya, kuma bai kula da kawai ba ta uwargijiyarta ba, amma kuma ya nemi damar da aka fara na dare ta farko - al'adar gargajiya ta dā. Idan yarinya ta yi rashin biyayya ga maigidanta, zai iya hana ta karbar sadaka. A gaskiya, Figaro yana niyyar hana wannan.

Bugu da ƙari, Bartolo, wanda a lokacin ya bar ba tare da ango ba saboda Figaro, yana shirin shirya fansa a kan mai laifi. Don yin wannan, sai ya tambayi mai tsaron gidan Marcelina ya nemi bashi daga Figaro. Idan bai mayar da kuɗin ba, to dole ne ya auri ta. Amma a gaskiya Marcelina ya auri Bartolo, tare da wanda aka haɗu da ita ta hanyar yaro guda, sace lokacin yaro.

A lokaci guda kuma, ƙidaya, wanda aka ƙidaya ta ƙidaya, yana jin dadin ɗayan ɗanta - adabin Cherubino. Sa'an nan Figaro ya yanke shawarar yin wasa a wannan kuma ya sa kishi ya kasance, don sulhunta shi tare da shugaban, kuma a lokaci guda ya tilasta shi ya bar Susannah.

Babban halayen wasan

Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na wasan Beaumarchais "Aure na Figaro" ba haka ba ne. Yana da kyau a nuna rubutu mai yawa:

• Figaro bawa ne kuma mai kula da gidaje na Count Almaviva, Sujanne da kuma, kamar yadda ya fito daga baya, dan Marcelina da Bartolo.
• Suzanne ita ce budurwar Matacce, amarya ta Figaro.
• Countess Almaviva ita ce matar Count Almaviva, tsohuwar Cherubino.
• Count Almaviva - mijin gwadawa, rake da mace. Cikakken soyayya da Susanna.
• Cherubino shine shafi na ƙididdigar, ɗan haɗin gwargwadon mata, a ɓoye cikin ƙauna da ita.

Wadannan su ne ainihin halayen wasan kwaikwayon, baya kuma, babban rawar da ake takawa a cikin shi an rubuta shi ne ta haruffa masu zuwa:

• Marcelina - Bartolo, mai kula da gida, yana da ɗa guda tare da shi. Tana son Figaro, wanda a gaskiya ya juya ya zama ɗanta.
• Bartolo likita ne, abokin gaba na Figaro, mahaifinsa.

Hakika, wannan ba cikakkiyar jerin sunayen haruffan da suka shiga aikin ba. Akwai wasu, irin su lambu Antonio da 'yarsa Fanchet, amma suna taka rawa ne kawai, kuma suna taka rawa a wasan suna rage don yin wani aiki, ba koyaushe wani maɓalli ba.

Kunna wasa

Wasan farko na wasan kwaikwayo "Aure na Figaro" ya faru a 1783 a Estate na Francois de Vaudreuil. Bayan shekara guda, a ranar 24 ga watan Afrilu, an ba da aikin farko, wanda ya kawo Beaumarchais ba kawai nasara ba, har ma a fadin duniya. An fara farko a gidan wasan kwaikwayo "Comedie Francaise". Bayan dan lokaci, an dakatar da wasa, kuma ta sake ganin hasken sai kawai a ƙarshen karni na 18.

A cikin rukunin Rasha, wasan ya fara shekaru biyu bayan haka. Kamfanin Faransa na St. Petersburg ya kafa shi. Sa'an nan kuma an fassara rubutun aikin a cikin harshen Rashanci, kuma an shirya shi a lokaci guda a cikin zane-zane. Wasan ba ya rasa tasirinsa ba bayan juyin juya hali. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin na farko da za a kafa a cikin USSR. Yawancin lokaci an samo shi ne a cikin mashahuran Lenkom na Rasha. A yau ana iya ganin daya daga cikin mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na wurin.

Mozart da kuma "Rangi Mai Girma, ko Aure na Figaro"

An sani cewa wasa na Beaumarchais ya nuna sha'awar Mozart. Mahaifin ya yanke shawarar rubuta wasan kwaikwayo "Aure na Figaro", bisa ga aikin mai shahararren marubuci.

Mahaifin ya fara rubuta shi a shekara ta 1785, a watan Disamba. Bayan watanni an shirya aikin, kuma ranar 1 ga Mayu, 1786, wasan kwaikwayo ya fara. Abin takaici, ba ta samu irin wannan nasara ba, kamar yadda Mozart ta yi fatan. "Aure na Figaro" ya zama sananne ne kawai a ƙarshen shekara, bayan samarwa a Prague. Opera ya ƙunshi ayyuka 4. Domin ta yi rubuce scores da cewa sun hada da sa hannu na garayu, timpani. Har ila yau ana amfani da su guda biyu ne, pipes, horns, biyu oboes, bassoon da clarinet.

Ga basso continuo, cellos da harpsichord ana amfani. An san cewa a farkon wasan kwaikwayo Mozart kansa ya jagoranci ƙungiyar makaɗa. Saboda haka, godiya ga Beaumarchais, Mozart ta bayyana wasan kwaikwayo "The Marriage of Figaro".

Siffar allon wasan Beaumarchais

Siffar farko ta farko ta dawo a 1961. An harbe fim din a Faransa, a cikin gida na mai wallafawa. Abin takaici, wannan shine kawai ƙetare waje na wasan. Sauran ƙoƙarin da aka yi a gwaje-gwaje an yi a Rasha.

Na dogon lokaci daya daga cikin shahararren wasan kwaikwayon a cikin USSR shine Aure na Figaro. Lenkom ya zama gidan wasan kwaikwayon inda za ku iya kallo wannan wasa kuma ku ji dadin wasan kwaikwayo. Wannan shi ne wannan aikin da aka yanke shawarar da za'a yi a 1974, shekaru biyar bayan da aka fara nuna wasan kwaikwayon wasan kwaikwayon. An gane wannan siginar ne a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyau, musamman saboda 'yan wasan kwaikwayon da suka taka rawa.

A shekara ta 2003, aka sake yin wasan. A lokacin da binciken Kanmu hade da Rasha da kuma Ukrainian TV tashoshi da halitta mai Kirsimeti m dogara ne a kan play. Wannan gyaran fim din bai samu nasarar wannan fim din na farko ba. Ta tuna kowa da kowa kamar yadda ake nuna nishaɗi.

A 1974 fim

Saboda shahararren wasan kwaikwayon, an yanke shawarar rubuta shi don talabijin. A karo na farko da aka nuna fim a talabijin a 1974, ranar 29 ga Afrilu. Fim ya ƙunshi jerin biyu. Tsawancin lokaci na farko shine game da sa'a daya da rabi, na biyu - dan kadan.

Daraktan fim shine V. Khramov, kuma daraktan fim shine V. Vershinsky. Kamar yadda a wasan, ana amfani da waƙar Mozart a fim. An nuna fim fiye da sau ɗaya a talabijin, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu so. Abin takaici, a yau ba a nuna wannan fim ba sau da yawa, kuma zaka iya kallon ta akan DVD.

'Yan wasan kwaikwayo

Amma ga 'yan wasan kwaikwayo wanda taka rawar gani a cikin fim, cikin shahararrun ne Andrei Mironov, wanda ya yi aiki domin shekaru masu yawa da muhimmancin Figaro. Bayan da ya rasa sani a karshen wasan da ya dace a filin wasa a 1987 kuma nan da nan ya mutu, an ba shi wannan aikin. Duk lokacin da aka tuna sunansa a karshen wasan.

Kwamitin a cikin talabijin ya wallafa shi ta hanyar Alexander Shirvindt, matarsa Vera Vasilyeva. Nina Kornienko ya taka rawar Suzanne, kuma Marcelina ta taka leda ta Tatiana Peltzler. Amma Cherubino, da TV version na plays Aleksandr Voevodin, ba Boris Galkin, kamar yadda a cikin na asali play.

Musical

A shekara ta 2003, an yanke shawarar kaddamar da mikiɗa bisa ga wasa. Tashoshin TV "Inter" da NTV sun dauki aikin. Bisa ga al'adar gargajiya don yin fim, an gayyatar taurari na Ukrainian da Rasha. Marubucin rubutun da kuma daraktan shi ne Semen Gorov, marubuci - Vitaly Okorokov.

Yin fim da movie "The Aure na Figaro" a Crimea, yin amfani da matsayin babban ado Vorontsov Palace. An kaddamar da fim din tare da waƙoƙin da aka yi a cikin fim din. Bugu da} ari, an gabatar da fim ne ga jama'a a Cannes.

Mutane da yawa sun soki musika, rubuce-rubuce cewa aikin Lenkom ya fi kyau, kuma wannan shi ne kawai nauyin kariya.

Duk da haka, sau da yawa zaka iya ganin fim "Aure na Figaro" a talabijin. Musamman ya zama sananne sosai a yau. Dalilin wannan - dandalin ban sha'awa da kyau, waƙoƙi mai launin fata, da yawa daga cikinsu sun zama bayan sakin fim din.

'Yan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin m

Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, wa] ansu mawa} a, masu fa] a] a wa] ansu taurari, sun gayyaci manyan al'amurra a cikin mitar. Ganin cewa akwai waƙoƙin da yawa a cikin fim din, ba zai dace ba don kiran masu aikin kwaikwayo na yau da kullum don waɗannan dalilai. Bugu da ƙari, ba aikin farko na Sabuwar Shekara na Inter ba, kuma ga masu fasaha da yawa wannan musika ba shine na farko ba.

Rawar da Figaro yi Boris Hvoshnyansky. Count da Countess buga Philip Kirkorov da Lolita Milyavskaya. Aikin Susanna an mika shi ga Anastasia Stotskaya.

Bugu da ƙari, fina-finai kamar Boris Moiseyev, Sofia Rotaru, Ani Lorak da Andrei Danilko sun shiga cikin gyaran fim.

Dalili don shahararren wasan kwaikwayo

Dalilin shahararren aikin shine cewa wannan yana daya daga cikin wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau a duniya na wasan kwaikwayo. Duk da kasancewa na classicism, har ila yau yana da ƙididdiga masu mahimmanci. Don haka, Beaumarchais ya tashe a cikin wasan kwaikwayo game da yadda masu adawa a wasu lokuta wawaye ne kuma yadda rashin sha'awa suke. Marubucin ya nuna cewa ba wani lokaci ba ne mutumin da ba shi da ilimi wanda ya zama baƙar fata.

Wannan wasa kuma mai ban sha'awa ne da abun ciki, harshe, jokes da yanayi masu ban sha'awa.

Abin takaici, a yau an yi wasa da Beaumarchais a cikin jerin wallafe-wallafe don wallafe-wallafen, kuma kaɗan sun san abinda ke ciki. Har ila yau, ba dukkan jami'o'i ba suna ganin cewa wajibi ne don nazarin shi. Shin magoya bayan wasan kwaikwayon da masu son littafi suna sha'awar hakan?

Saboda haka, a yau ba kowa ba ne san game da wasan Beaumarchais "The Day Mad, ko Aure na Figaro", kuma mutane da yawa suna zaton cewa kawai wani kyakkyawan m hada da Gorov.

Kammalawa

Play Beaumarchais, wanda ya tsira fiye da karni daya, har yanzu ana karantawa da mutanen da ke da sha'awar kwarewa, musamman wasan kwaikwayo. An shirya shi a kan mataki a duk faɗin duniya, yana da kyau a Rasha. A cewar littafin, an harbe fina-finai da yawa, biyu daga cikinsu aka samar da gida. Ana yin fim din daya don wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo, na biyu shi ne musanya na asali, wanda ya zama sananne a cikin matasan zamani.

A yau "Ranar Mad, ko Aure na Figaro" wani aiki ne wanda ba za'a iya gani ba kawai a talabijin, har ma a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lenkom. A nan ne suke nuna daya daga cikin mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na Beaumarchais. An shirya wa kanta wasan kwaikwayon na memoriyar Andrei Mironov, wanda shi ne dan wasan farko da ya taka rawa wajen Figaro a wannan aikin. Ya mutu kusan a mataki na gidan wasan kwaikwayo, ba tare da barin hoton da jaruminsa ba.