A tarihin takalma daga zamanin da zuwa yau

Tarihi daga takalma na da game da 30 shekara dubu. A wannan lokaci, shi ya canja da yawa styles da kuma model, amma har yanzu shi ya kasance mafi dole da kuma muhimmancin labarin na tufafi.

Takalma zamanin da

A ƙarshe daga masana kimiyya suka yi binciken da kuma bincikar mu samu ragowar m mutane, da tsarin da ƙasũsuwa da kafar kasũsuwa, ashe, da farko samfurori daga cikin tsofaffin takalma bayyana a cikin marigayi Paleolithic a yammacin Turai. A lokacin wannan lokacin ya fara zama canje-canje a cikin tsarin kafa na zamanin d mutane: da Ƙaramin yatsana ya fara raguwa tare da general siffar kafar, wanda shi ne saboda saka m takalma.

A tarihin takalma sa abin da ya faru a cikin wannan zamani, da kuma dogara ne a kan ta farko sanyi karye na zamanin d wayewar su kare kansu daga sanyi, mutane suka fara sa ake konkoma karãtunsa fãtun dabbobi, da kuma kafafu Tuddan guda na fata. Domin rufi Layer sanya tsakanin fata bushe ganye amfani da anchorages Bast daga itace haushi.

A labarin da takalma a tsananin zafi kasashe, kamar Ancient Misira, da ake dangantawa da fitowan da sandals cewa mutane sa kare ƙafãfunsu daga zafi yashi, da kuma cikin dakin suka yaushe tafi m. Sandals sewn daga Papyrus ko dabino ganye, daura da kafar tare da fata madauri. A su yi amfani da alamu da suke wannan duka biyu kafafu. Arziki Masarawa sa sandals da madauri kyau yi wa ado. Wani irin rare a zamanin d Misira takalma samu a rami na ƙauyuka, ya yi kama da zamani silifa da rufaffiyar kafana.

Takalma a Ancient Girka

Kama da takalma a zamanin tsohuwar Girka za a iya hukunci da murals depicting Greek alloli, sun kasance sandals "krepidy", wanda aka a haɗe zuwa lacing kafar kusan zuwa gwiwa. Kamar yadda tarihi records, shi ne karon farko da Helenawa fara dinka takalma ga tsakaitã alamu da dama da hagu kafafu.

Bayan sandals, tsakanin Greek mata sun rare "endromidy" - m takalma da tafin kafa, kuma sewn ga fata uppers shi cewa overtighten dogon yadin da aka saka gaba, tare da yatsun peeking fitar. fashion trendsetter sun Koda, wanda su ne mafi dadi da kuma richly ado takalma. Mata sandals, wanda aka bari a cikin yashi da rubutu "Bi ni" sun kasance a Vogue kawai a courtesans, kuma ji dadin mai girma shahararsa "persikai" (takalma, safa).

Wani irin takalma - "buskins" a kan wani babban dandali - ya zama da aka sani godiya ga Greek actor suka sa shi a lokacin wasanni, to a bayyane a ko'ina cikin jama'a.

Takalma a Ancient Roma

Ancient Roman Shoes shared a kan zamantakewa matsayi da kuma jima'i:

• calceus - rufe takalma da madaurin a gaban sa kawai plebeians.
• solea - sandals da madauri, kama da Girkanci, da matalauta Romawa iya kawai amfani da daya madauri, kuma m patricians - 4;
• mata sa kawai fari takalma, maza - black.
• Festive takalma sun ja, kuma a yalwace ado da kõre da mai walƙiya, kuma duwatsu.
• soja takalma da cewa sojojin Roma sa, - karfi takalma, wanda soles da aka samu, da ake kira caligae.
• 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na iya sa kawai silifa a kan clothesline socci.

A fadi da dama shahara Isra'ila ta dā, inda da takalma da aka sewn sosai high quality, ta amfani da ulu, fata, itace da kara. Wadannan su ne takalma da kuma sandals, silifa da kuma takalma. A ƙasa akwai drevneizrailskoy da kuma takalma da high sheqa a cikin m model wanda aka haɗe zuwa dugadugansa kyau kwalabe turare.

Scythian takalma

Tarihi daga takalma Scythian mutanen da suke zaune cikin magabatan gabashin Slavs, ya nuna cewa mafi mashahuri a cikin su ji dadin high taushi fata takalma cewa overtighten belts a matsayin ado yi amfani da multicolored ado, sanya Rags. Sun sa takalma a kan saman ji kara haja. The fi na takalma da aka sewn mosaic na guda na Jawo, canza launin ji da kuma fata. Wando tucked cikin takalma musamman zuwa Showcase da kyau na shi ne takalma.

Takalma Scythian al'ummai sun kama a bayyanar to takalma sawa arewacin mutãnensu a Rasha. Mata takalma kasance ba a matsayin high, amma sanya na ja fata, suna yi wa ado da alamu, a jamsin da kai, kuma da shaft ne sewn ja woolen band tare da fata appliqué.

A mafi asali alama na Scythian takalma - kowanne kofa tafin takalma, embroidered da beads, canza launin thread na jijiya. A irin wannan Trend wanzu tafin kafa ado a Asian steppe al'ummai waɗanda, yana da al'ada na zaune tare da ketare kafafu, rike da diddige m.

Takalma a na da Turai

Turai takalma tarihi da aka alama da fashion na tsakiyar zamanai a kan tufli- "CRAKOW" tare da upturned noses cewa suna da tsawo, kuma haka a yalwace ado da karrarawa cewa suna da za a daura wa kafa, don su iya tafiya kullum. Irin wannan takalma a 14th karni, wakilan daraja iyalai da aka bukata don ci da umurnin sarki na Faransa Philip 4th.

15th karni kawo wani sabon salo na takalma: taimakon masana yin takalma fara a dinka kawai m model, kuma tare da fadada da kuma karuwa daga cikin baka, da mayar ya zama kunkuntar. Tuni a farkon 16th karni. takalma da za a daura da kafafu a matakin maida. A wannan lokaci akwai high sheqa, trimmed tare da fata, kazalika, saboda da farauta so, a fashion takalma da sosai high fi - "takalma" da suke dadi yayin da hawa a kan doki.

Fashion takalma a cikin 16th karni ya namiji: shi ne mutanen da suka iya nuna kashe sabon ja takalma da dugãduganku, da kuma mata a ɓoye su takalma karkashin Fluffy skirts, kuma aka taba gani a sake.

Shi ne kawai tun farkon na 17th karni., Lokacin da ya zama gaye guntu skirts, mata sun sami damar nuna wa magoya m siliki, kauri da kuma karammiski takalma da kananan sheqa. Rich Ladies sa takalma, richly ado da kuma ado da duwatsu.

Baroque kuma Rococo alama ta flowering na marmari ballroom takalma, richly yi wa ado da bakuna, beads, qwarai. A model kansu aka sanya na tsada yadudduka da kuma fata na sãɓanin launuka (ja, rawaya, blue, da dai sauransu). Don ado da maza jackboot kuma domin saukaka hawa su kara hari.

A cikin marigayi 18th karni, haske ya faru masana'anta takalma mafi m fata takalma da aka sawa, da ni'ima, da maza da mata. Dadi takalma da buckles ko madaurin, karamin diddige, a gilashin, ado da Jawo hunturu model.

katako takalma

A zamanin da, itace a matsayin abu don masana'antu na takalma amfani da wuya, domin shi aka dauke quite m da kuma tarko. The kawai togiya ne samar da tafin ga sandals, wanda a zamanin d Roma aka daura wa kafar guda na masana'anta, kuma ado a cikin fursunoni kafafu, don haka ba su tsira ba.

A Turai a 16-18 ƙarni a Vogue katako, "sanƙarar" (ko clogs) da lokacin farin ciki soles, wanda aka lazimta zuwa karfe hoop kafa. M mata sa su, don haka kamar yadda ba don samun datti laka a kan tituna. The matalauta manoma a cikin shakka sun overshoes da katako kasa da kuma fata na sama, wanda ya dace ya tafi zuwa ga duwãtsu.

Mafi m sanƙarar da galoshes saya a cikin Netherlands da kuma arewacin Faransa saboda karfin da kayayyakin more rayuwa a wani takalma za ka iya tafiya tare da wetland yankunan ba tare da hadarin rigar ƙafafunsa. Samar daga ta itace, wanda ba ya crack :. Poplar, Willow, da dai sauransu A 1570 guild na taimakon masana yin takalma, kwarewa a cikin yi sanƙarar da aka halitta, wani katako, takalma har yanzu sa wasu Dutch manoma a lokacin filin aiki.

Katako, takalma da kuma daga baya ya zama mashahuri a Ingila, inda suka sawa da manoma kamar yadda m takalma, wanda a lokacin holidays maye gurbin fata takalma.

Takalma ga sojoji

Roman sojoji suka fara yin amfani da takalma kamar takalma saboda gaskiyar cewa sun yi tafiya mai nisa a kan m ƙasa. Soja sandals aka karfafa madauri, da kusoshi. Daga baya suka fara amfani da takalma da aka stringing tare saman tibia, kuma domin ado abubuwa za a iya ƙaddara aji da daraja na soja.

Tun zamanin da, sojojin sa takalma, yawanci ja, domin ba su gani da jini a lokacin yaƙi, ko na jini blisters bayan motsa jiki. Daga baya, tare da gabatarwar tufafinsu, ta soja takalma fara nuna baki. A Turai, da takalma ya zama mashahuri bayan mamayewa na sojojin da steppe a zamanin da hijirarsa daga mutane, da suka fara kawo ba kawai sojan doki, amma ranchers.

A tsakiyar zamanai, idan Knights tufafi kunshi karfe makamai, kuma Ya sanya daga karfe da kuma safa knightly takalma (sabatons). M kafana farantin karfe a irin wannan kora aiki a matsayin wani ƙarin kayan aiki ga sojan: za su iya zama m zuwa buga da abokan gaba. Sabatons daga baya ya fara yin wani zagaye kafana, suka kira "duck ƙafafunsa".

A cikin karni na 19th, Birtaniya sojojin fara dinka domin su sojojin high takalma da lacing, lakabi da "blyuhersami". A cewar labari, wadannan takalma sawa da sojoji na Army Blucher a lokacin Napoleonic Wars. Su wanzu a matsayin soja takalma har shekaru da yawa.

A cikin karni na 20th. a lokacin yakin duniya na II Turai jihohin da aka sanye take sojojin "wuriyar takalma" a kan m tafin kafa sanya na lokacin farin ciki fata. An fara daga 1941, da US Army yana amfani da fata takalma da madaurin a kan wani roba tafin kafa.

Takalma a Rasha

A tarihin takalma a zamanin d Rus 'ta fara da ya fi na kowa, sawa ba kawai manoma, amma kuma da birane matalauta - shi ta sandals. Irin wannan takalma ya wanzu ne kawai a Rasha, abu don ta yi aiki Birch haushi (Linden, Willow, itacen oak, da dai sauransu). Ga daya biyu daga Bast takalma da su kwashe itãciyar 3-4.

Akwai Bast Bast yau da kullum da kuma festive, mafi m: ruwan hoda ko ja. Domin thermal rufi a cikin hunturu sandals Stela baro da kasa hemming igiya sanya na hemp. By su kafa lazimta Equi (kunkuntar madauri na fata) ko mochentsami (hemp igiyoyi). Daya biyu daga baƙauye Bast isa ga 4-10 kwanaki, amma sun kasance m.

A mafi tsufa Rasha-fata takalma - pistons, taushi da takalma da dukan yanki na fata da aka tattara a gefen a kan madauri. Mafi mashahuri a Rasha kan lokaci, mun samu cikin takalma, wanda aka sewed guda domin maza da mata. Fata takalma bayyana a Rasha saboda da incursions na nomadic Asian kabilu. Suka sanya fata da kuma shoemaking Masters wanda da kansa shirya da kuma rawhide. Tafin da aka yi na dama yadudduka na cowhide daga gare shi, a kan lokaci, ya fara yin sheqa.

Idon takalma tsoho yanka à haka da cewa gaba, na ya fi raya. Suna kullum, Ya sanya daga baki fata da kuma holidays Moroko takalma da aka yi daga ja, kore, shudi fata, batawa shi tare da miya. Wadannan takalma da aka yi a Rasha, da farko na shigo da kaya, sa'an nan daga tsakiyar 17th karni., Morocco karfe wajen yin shuka a Moscow Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.

Morocco takalma da aka yi da fata na bunsurun, wanda ake musamman sharkaf for makonni 2 a cikin turmi, kuma sa'an nan a hankali goge dutse don samun wani m surface. Stained da aniline dyes yawanci m fata ya na musamman juna (sharkskin).

A cikin karni na 19th. akwai wani 'yan qasar Rasha ji takalma: takalma da kuma sanduna, wadda ake yi na ulu. Su farashin yake shi ne babban saboda haduwar yi, don haka sau da yawa a cikin iyali yana da daya biyu daga takalma, wanda aka ado a nuna.

A cikin karni na 20th. Rasha ta cobblers aka lakabi da "fi" saboda gaskiyar cewa sun yi aiki a cikin unguwannin bayan gari (da takalma shagunan da aka located a cikin Marina Roshcha), kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin LonE kerkẽci.

19-20 karni da kuma zargin da takalma masana'antu

A farko guild, da takalma shagunan bayyana a Turai a zamanin feudalism, amma sai ya fara yin takalma da kananan batches na umarni. A farko wuri a cikin aikin fitar da inganci da bayyanar kayayyakin.

A cikin Renaissance, ya zama tushen manufactory, a lokacin da takalma sun fara yi, a cikin hãlãye, amma kowane biyu, har yanzu ana yi da mutum domin. Shi ne kawai a cikin karni na 19th. maye gurbin kyalle da takalma zo mafi m da kuma dadi fata takalma da kuma takalma.

A cikin wadannan shekaru, taro samar da takalma fara da sanyi da kafa, da kuma raba da biyu daga jeri na bangaren hagu a-dama. Takalma masana'antu ne mafi zama mechanized, akwai wani kamfanin takalma da, inda manual aiki aka maye gurbinsu da inji. By farkon karni na 20th. yi na takalma kayayyakin ke tsiro zuwa 500 nau'i-nau'i ga kowane ma'aikaci, da kuma da tsakiyar - don 3 dubu nau'i-nau'i ..

A cikin karni na 20th takalma fara taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin halittar mace image: a sakamakon rage na skirts mata sun iya nuna su da kyau kafafu da kuma m takalma ko takalma, kuma a Vogue mace sandals. Dangane da yanayin da makõma sa takalma da aka yi da fata, Satin, fata, ko siliki, da kuma takalma sun koyi su yi shi ne ba kawai yadin da aka saka, amma kuma tare da yin amfani da hooks kuma mashiga.

A 1930 fashion takalma fara canza: akwai dandamali da kuma wedgies. A wannan lokaci, da suka fara fita zanen kaya S. Ferragamo S. da Arfad, wanda ya zama da fasaha tsunduma a cikin yi na ci-gaba da model da kuma fito da sabon styles. A tsawon lokaci, da takalma da kuma takalma an fara yin ba kawai fata, ma yi amfani da masana'anta kuma itace, roba domin yi na "bot".

An fara 1950 alama bayyanar sababbin abubuwa - a kananan diddige-hairpin kuma styles ba tare da dugadugansa yi nufi ga saukaka lokacin raye-raye (dutsen da kuma yi et al.). I har yanzu ba su gushe ba muhawara a kan ko wane ne progenitor na Pin: Faransa Robert Vivier, R. Massaro ko Italian
S. Ferragamo.

Kamfanin takalma biyu da rabi na karni na 20th an aiki tare da m ikon, inda tsari ne cikakken mai sarrafa kansa da kuma sarrafawa da software. Sun samar da dubban nau'i-nau'i daga fashion takalma kowane wata, wato, biyu na halitta da kuma roba kayan.

Fashion takalma a cikin 21st karni

21st karni - lokacin ta kyautata takalma (a kai a kai ƙirƙirarru, kuma kerarre sabon gammaye, styles, kuma insoles), da kuma canje-canje a cikin siffofin da sayarwa. Takalma iya yanzu za a saya a matsayin karamin boutique, babban kanti, kuma ta hanyar da yanar-gizo.

A tarin daga cikin latest model ake wakilta a kan podium a kowace kakar babban adadin kasashen da sanannun zanen, inda akwai rani da kuma hunturu, da kuma Demi da yamma takalma. Modern takalma - wannan dama styles da kuma model, wanda sun kasance rare da yawa ƙarni da suka wuce, kuma ya bayyana kwanan nan: shi ta sandals, da kuma takalma, takalma, loafers, clogs, takalma, takalma da kuma da yawa wasu bambancin jinsi. Modern zanen kaya da kuma masana'antun suna sanye take da fasahar ta zamani, iya fassara su ideas cikin gaskiya.