Ukraine ta Accession zuwa Rasha (1654). Taro na Ukraine da kuma Rasha: da dalilai

Ukraine ta Accession zuwa Rasha (1654) ya faru kan bango na hadaddun zamantakewa da siyasa events alaka da so na Ukrainians zama more kai-tawakkali da kuma ba ya dogara gaba ɗaya kan Poland. Tun 1648, 'yan adawa ya juya a cikin wani m lokaci amma ko ta yaya mutane da yawa nasarori ko zira Cossacks jagorancin Bohdan Khmelnytsky kan Yaren mutanen Poland sojojin, suka sami ikon biya nasara a fagen yaƙi cikin ri siyasa dividends. Ya zama a sarari cewa ya fita daga cikin kula da Commonwealth ba zai yiwu ba tare da taimakon wani qarfi, a sakamakon da sauyin da na Ukraine ya faru tare da Rasha. A takaice bayyana Sanadin abubuwan tarihin.

Equality da kuma cin gashin

A cikin shekaru shida na yaki a da yawa na jini fadace-fadace da Ukrainian mutane gagarumin danniya na sojojin fasa Polish sojojin sau da yawa. Amma, mai daukan hankali a gaya naushe Rzeczpospolita, Khmelnytsky a karo na farko ba za su tsaga Ukraine daga Yaren mutanen Poland jihar. Ya tsaya a kan matsayi na Cossack cin gashin cewa an nemi da Cossacks da gentry da daidaita hakkoki da abubuwan da daidai Ukrainian ƙasashe sun a cikin Rzeczpospolita kan daidai da Poland da kuma Lithuania. A lokacin da aka ba da za'ayi game da taro na Ukraine da kuma Rasha. 1654 canza halin da ake ciki.

Zai yiwu 'yancin kai?

A halin yanzu, ra'ayin daidaito a cikin tsarin na mulkin kai daga 'yan ĩmãni. Tuni a farkon shekaru na yaki a Ukraine da kuma a Poland, akwai jita-jita, da cewa:

1. Khmelnitsky son mayar da wasu "Old" ko haifar da wani sabon sarauta.
2. Shi ne da kansa da take "sarkin Rasha."
3. Cossacks son kafa wani zaman kanta a jihar.

Amma sa'an nan, ga 'yancin kai na Ukraine ya ba tukuna ci gaba da zama dole preconditions. Babban mahalarta na yaki - da kuma cewa jahilci Cossacks da wannan jahilci manoma - ba zai iya haifar da da kansa jihar akidar, sunã shiryarwa Layer - Cossack shugabanni da gentry - yana ba ta dace siyasa nauyi kawo aware tsare-tsaren. Bugu da ƙari, ko da hetman Khmelnitsky ya da sai m dõgara. Kawai a cikin shakka daga cikin yaki, a lokacin da samuwar na Ukrainian Cossack jihar mafi daidaita kuma yada ra'ayin 'yancin kai.

Tarayyar tare da Turkey

A daina aka yaki, da mafi Khmelnitsky, dattawa da talakawa suka tabbata cẽwa lalle ne kawai a kan nasu ba tare da taimakon Ukraine ba zai iya 'yantar da kansa daga ikon da Polish gentry. Iko da makwabta wadanda suke shirye su yi adawa da Commonwealth, akwai biyu kawai: Rasha jihar a gabas da Ottoman Empire a kudu. Akwai wani karamin selection na Khmelnytsky: ko dai Ukraine ta shigarwa a cikin Rasha, ko da amincewa da vassalage daga Turkey.

Da farko, a contender ga rawar da Ukraine ya zama majiɓinci, na Turkish sultan, wanda ya isa ƙarfi su yi tsayayya da encroachments na Poland a Ukraine. Tsakanin Khmelnytsky da gwamnatin na Sultan sun Game da tattaunawar. A 1651 Ƙofar bayyana cewa na'am Zaporozhian watsa shiri a matsayin vassals. A gaskiya real taimako ga Turkish sultan aka iyakance kawai ga waɗanda cewa halarci a cikin fadace-fadace Crimean Tatars, Cossacks ƙarni takaddama da. Sun kasance sũ ne sosai unreliable masõya, kuma su mayaudara hali, looting da kuma kaiwa da yawan bauta kawo more matsaloli fiye da amfani ga Ukrainians.

Tunani akai Rasha

The ƙawance da Ottoman Empire a gaskiya ba ya faru. Ba ta kasance ba har ma a wani rauni soja da kuma samar da taimakon kudi ga Sultan, da hankulansu incompatibility. Bambance-bambance tsakanin Orthodox da Musulmi, wanda mutane da ake kira "kãfirai", tabbatar da warkarwa. A wannan halin da ake ciki, da ido Bogdana Hmelnitskogo da yawan jama'a na Ukraine kira ga 'yan'uwanmu masu bi - Russia.

8 Yuni, 1648, shekaru shida kafin ya da Accession na Ukraine zuwa Rasha (1654), Bogdan Khmelnitsky rubuta harafin farko na taimako da Rasha Alexei autocrat Mikhailovich. Da farko, Rasha da ke cikin wani sauri don shiga cikin cikakken sikelin yaki tare da m Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian mulkin. Amma shugaba daga cikin Ukrainians shekara shida shawo sarki ya taya, tabbatar hada da Rasha jihar a yaki da Polish gentry. Khmelnitsky a gaban Moscow jakadun jaddada muhimmancin yin aiki tare domin kowa kariya na fraternal mutanen Orthodox bangaskiya, da nasarar da suka samu debunked karin gishiri Ganin cewa a game da ikon da Commonwealth, ya lura da mai girma fa'idodin da za su yi wani taro na Ukraine da kuma Rasha. 1654 ya nuna da tanadi da kuma ingancinsa Khmelnitsky.

Expectant Rasha matsayi

Moscow gane muhimmancin jam'iyya da Ukraine:

1. Dabarun alliance, na farko, ya bude hanyar zuwa kudu zuwa Black Sea da yamma da kogin.
2. Ya raunana Poland.
3. Tanã darkake yiwu alliance Zaporozhye Sech da Turkey.
4. Ƙarfafa Accession jihar a karkashin da Rasha banner dubu ɗari uku Cossack sojojin.

Duk da haka, na dogon lokaci saboda da hadaddun ciki da waje yanayi, da kuma bisa ga weakening na biyu takaddama bangarorin - Poland da Ukraine - da tsarist gwamnatin dauki wani jira, kuma da ganin irin hali. Taimako ƙuntata aika zuwa Ukraine burodi da kuma gishiri, wani ƙuduri don matsawa da Ukrainians a gefen ƙasa, musayar ofisoshin jakadancin.

rapprochement Hakika

Links tsakanin Bogdanom Hmelnitskim da gwamnatin Rasha ya zo wurin rayuwa a cikin shekaru 1652-1653, na karshe shekaru na 'yanci yaki. Kusan ci gaba da tafiya cikin ofishin jakadancin na Ukraine zuwa Moscow da kuma daga Moscow zuwa Ukraine. A Janairu 1652 Khmelnitsky aika zuwa Rasha babban birnin kasar ya wakilin Ivan Iskra. Walƙiya domin ofishin jakadancin ya ce da Hetman da dukan rundunar sojojin Zaporozhye so "girman kai su ga sãshensa."

A Disamba 1652, kuma Janairu 1653 a Moscow, ya yi shawarwari Samoilo Zarudny 'yan} ungiyarsu. Zarudny ya ce wa sarki, "umurce su tallafi da su sarki high hannunka". Janairu 6, 1653 Khmelnitsky Chigirin Rada kira a cikin dattawa, wanda ya yanke shawarar ba su sa sama da Poland, da kuma ci gaba da yaki har sai da shi auku na shigarwa na Ukraine a cikin Rasha.

A watan Afrilu-May 1653 tattaunawa a Moscow sun jakadun Kondratiy Burlyay da Silvanus Muzhilovsky. A tsarist gwamnati kuma aiki manzanni zuwa ga Bogdanu Hmelnitskomu, musamman a marigayi May 1653rd bar Chyhyryn Matveev da Fomin.

1654: Ukraine-Rasha - tare har abada

Wahala da halin da ake ciki a Ukraine tilasta tsarist gwamnati don bugun up yanke hukunci. Yuni 22, 1653 a Ukraine daga Moscow boyi tafi Fedor Ladyzhenskii tare da wata wasika daga Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, wanda aka ba izini don canja wuri na ƙasar a cikin Ukraine a karkashin "sarauta high hannunka."

Oktoba 1, 1653, a birnin Moscow, ya gana da Zemsky Sobor, tsara don tabbatacce warware matsalar da ke tsakanin Rasha da Ukraine, da kuma bayyana yaki a kan Commonwealth. A faceted bẽne, na Kremlin yanke shawarar "Army na Zaporozhye da Hetman Bogdana Hmelnitskogo tare da ƙasashe da kuma birane ya dauko karkashin sarki hannunka." Saboda haka tarihi da aka yi. A sauyin da Ukraine da Rasha da aka amince da ba kawai da sarki amma kuma duk segments na yawan (sai serfs wanda bai da 'yancin kada kuri'a), wadanda wakilansu ne suka hallara a babban coci. Lokaci guda, da Zemsky Sobor yanke shawarar fara wani yaki tare da Poland.

Duk da haka, wannan ba matuƙar Accession na Ukraine da Rasha. 1654 Sai da na ɗauki dama more tarurruka kafin karshe shigarwa yanayin da aka yi aiki daga. Rasha ya na da muhimmanci fitarwa na Ukraine a matsayin wata kyauta da kuma zaman kanta kasa. Wannan ya in da shawarar da lardin Council ce haka, "kada su saki da kasa a Turkiyya Sultan da Crimean khan, saboda sun zama sarauta rantsuwa free mutane."

Shiga na kwangila

Janairu 31, 1653 da Rasha da ofishin jakadancin ya sauka a kan gungumen azaba Khmelnitsky - wani gari na Pereyaslav - tare da wata wasika game da hukuncin Zemsky Sobor da "mafi girman umurninSa." Ofishin jakadancin, karkashin jagorancin V. Buturlin aka rantsuwarsu gaishe da majalisarsa, kuma kowa mutane.

Janairu 6, 1654 a Pereyaslav Bogdan Hmelnitsky zo kashegari kuma ya gana da jakadu, don su tattauna da kungiyar tarayyar ta yanayi. A 8 Janairu, bayan asiri tattaunawar da dattawan Accession yanayi, Bogdan Khmelnitsky tafi zuwa ga mutane da kuma tabbatar da Accession na Ukraine da Rasha. 1654 ya juyo a cikin rabo na jama'ar kasashen biyu.

Ukrainian Ofishin Jakadancin, ya sha nanata frequented a Moscow don tattauna cikakken bayani game da son rai shigarwa na da Hagu-Bank Ukraine karkashin protectorate na Rasha Empire.

Ukraine Tarihi a kwanakin: sauyin da Rasha

• 1591-1593 gg. - rajista Cossacks tawaye da Yaren mutanen Poland nobility da farko reference Hetman Krishtofa Kosinskogo ga taimako ga Rasha Tsar.
• 1622, 1624 ta. - Bishop Isaiya Kopinskogo roko, sa'an nan Lardi Iova Boretskogo wa sarki yarda da Orthodox Little Rasha a Rasha dan kasa.
• 1648 - Bohdan Khmelnytsky kiwata duk-Ukrainian tawaye da nobility da kuma ranar 8 ga Yuni, ya rubuta cewa na farko da wasika zuwa Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich taimako da kawance. A farko da nasarar da Cossack sojoji da kuma shiga Zborowski yarjejeniya ta baiwa cin gashin Zaporizhia Army.
• 1651 - farfado da tashin, wani nauyi kashi Cossacks Berestechko.
• 1653 - Wani sabon magani Bogdana Hmelnitskogo zuwa Russia don taimaka wa Cossacks da wata takarda ga tallafi na Hagu-Bank Ukraine a dan kasa. Oktoba 1 hadu da Zemsky Sobor.
• 1654 - Janairu 8 hadu Pereyaslavskaya murna bayyane yanke shawarar ci tare da Rasha. Maris 27 Zemsky Sobor da sarki ya gana da mafiya yawa daga cikin buƙatun sa a gaba da dattawa da Hetman azurta m cin gashin. Wannan daftarin aiki ya karshe ya kulla da sauyin da na bar-banki Ukraine da Rasha.