Van De Graaff janareta: wani na'ura, da kuma aikace-aikace na da manufa na

Van De Graaff janareta da aka ƙirƙira a cikin farkon karni na ashirin. Yana da aka yi amfani da dalilai daban-daban, musamman ga nukiliya Research. Daga baya aikace-aikace da aka quntata. Yau za ka iya saya shi a matsayin wasan yara da kuma nuna yara levitation na daban-daban abubuwa. Har ila yau, za ka iya gina naka janareta. Sa'an nan, ya za a yi mai kyau horo model, wanda za'ayi a daban-daban gwaje-gwajen.

baby dabaru

Shin kana so ka kirkiro "sihiri"? Dauki jaka na polyethylene, yanke biyu na ƙyallen maƙalawa da kuma kunnen doki a kan wani kirtani, don samun baka. Sa'an nan, da saba kewayon roba mai kyau goga na woolen abu da kuma kawo shi zuwa wani baka: fara tashi ...

Shirye "Wand" tare da Figures, wanda zai iya aikata irin dabaru, kuma ba za ka iya saya a kantin sayar da.

Amma mafi sauki zaɓi don ganin "sihiri" - dai kawai wani Pet cat. Sa'an nan ba za mu iya ma ji da gani da tasowa rikicewar lantarki.

Amma wani abun wasa cewa replicates tsarin da Van De Graaff janareta, gudanar a ranar baturi. A lokacin da ka latsa maballin a kan tip na wani electrostatic cajin. Saboda haka, ta adadi daukan kan, da kuma fara kamar zargin tare juna. Tun da adadi ne a yanka, a wani hanya, ta "inflated" kuma sami girma. Idan cajin da aka raunanar da, kawai ka yi danna sau daya a kan "sihiri" button.

A kadan tarihi

Hakika, da Van De Graaff janareta - shi ke nan ba kawai yara toys. Likita kansa halitta zuriyarsa don gudanar da wani tsanani bincike a atomic kimiyyar lissafi sashe. A farko zanga-zanga da aka yi a shekara ta 1929. Ya kasance a cikin kananan size. More m girma samu wani Van De Graaff janareta, saka a kan reluwe for airships. A tsarin kunshi ginshiƙai biyu, wanda aka shirya a kan saman alumina m duniyoyin da diamita na goma sha biyar ƙafafunsa.

Gina a shekarar 1931 da kuma 1933 shigarwa na iya aiki kai miliyan bakwai volts. Amma a lura da up to tamanin kilovolts bayar da farko Van De Graaff janareta.

manufa na aiki

Tu rotates tsaye dielectric tsiri na takarda. Nadi located a saman, shi ne wani insulator, da kuma kasa da aka sanya daga karfe da kuma haɗa zuwa ƙasa. A goga lantarki a harbe da kuma kai da cajin, wanda aka gaba ɗaya rarraba a yankin. Next zuwa lantarki a cikin kasa, iska da aka ionized, ions ne amfani an ajiye a kan tef, da kuma cewa wani ɓangare wanda aka directed zuwa sama, aka caje.

Don karɓa da wani babban m bambanci a mikakke barbashi accelerators (wanda aka bukatar da wadannan janareto) amfani da biyu duniyoyin da daban-daban zargin. A daya daga wadannan tara tabbatacce, kuma a cikin wasu - korau. Lokacin da natsuwa kai wani matakin, lantarki sallama slipped therebetween. Wannan ya yi karatu. Awon karfin wuta da aka kai miliyoyin volts.

Tun da farko da na'urorin amfani da makaman nukiliya da bincike da kuma barbashi hanzari. Da zarar akwai wasu hanyoyi don bugun sama, suka fara amfani da a cikin wannan yanki shi ne da yawa ƙasa da na kowa. A halin yanzu, da Van De Graaff janareta zuwa mafi girma har amfani ga tallan kayan kawa. Alal misali, ana iya canzawa da iskar gas jini. Maimakon haka kaset shigarwa sau da yawa amfani da sarƙoƙi kunshi roba, da baƙin ƙarfe links daya bayan daya.

Abin da kuke bukata domin kai-taro naúrar

A tsarin ne da sauki gina naka improvised. Van De Graaff janareta, da hannuwansu suka taru, kunshi wadannan aka gyara:

• fensir.
• trimming PVC bututu.
• danko.
• takarda shirye-shiryen bidiyo.
• aluminum tsare.
• engine daga wasa.
• karye haske kwararan fitila.
• bushe pastes daga makama.
• batura na tara volts.
• m tef.
• waya.
• Allunan.

Duk abubuwa kamata su zama a bushe, kazalika da iska a cikin dakin. In ba haka ba, da aikin gine-gine ba zai zama mai sauki, ko zai kasance, amma sosai weakly.

Wannan abin da ya faru Van De Graaff janareta. A hoto a kasa ya nuna yadda model ya kamata yi kama.

Kamar yadda janareta ne kai

Na farko, wani rami da aka fadi na sukar a kan jirgin, wanda zai zama tushe tsarin. Karba rawar soja na dace diamita, siffar - a cikin nau'i na alkalami. Sa'an nan kuma, a kan tube yin wani biyu takware a saman da kasa, domin pastes. Make biyu mafi ramukan, daya dan kadan fi saman, da kuma na biyu - perpendicular zuwa kasa.

Next, da manna ya zama gaba daya bayyana daga tawada. Yanke wani yanki m zuwa ciki diamita bututu. Dauki clip, mike da kuma yanke wani yanki na isa tsawon saboda haka ya yi a kan wani santimita na tube.

Na kerarre dielectric salatif. Gum manna, don haka da cewa, bangarorin biyu sun kuma m.

A shirye abubuwa suna tattara.

Kara goge cewa tattara cajin. Kasa da buroshi ya wuce ta rami da kuma sa tip na fluff. Goge ya zama kusa da na roba band, amma ba ta shãfe shi. Upper Threaded ta hanyar wani rami a saman.

Bayan nan, ta amfani da wata tsare na aluminum manna riga karya kwan fitila. babba waya ne a haɗe zuwa tsare. A fitilar da aka saka a kan saman tsarin.

A Van De Graaff umarni shirye.

gwaje-gwajen

Idan babba lantarki a haɗe da dama strands da kuma kawo hannuwanku, suka "tsaya a kan karshen" da kuma za su rungumi yatsunsu. Ka yi kokarin gudanar da gwaje gwajen a cikin duhu.

Don samun karin iko da samar da lantarki, a haɗa da biyu janareta.

A da kyau zaɓi don gwaje-gwajen da za su Leyden gilashi.

Mafi shahara gwaji ne daya a cikin abin da gashi tsaya a kan karshen. Don yin wannan, tsaya a kan wata roba mat, katako jirgin ko plywood. A hannu sa a kan Sphere (da janareta ya kamata a kashe su don kauce wa lantarki buga). Bayan ya sauya sheka a kan na'urar zai wuce wani walƙiya, haifar da gashi tsaya a kan karshen.

A janareta ya kamata a dakatar bayan kowace amfani da aiki tare da shi sosai a hankali, tun da yanzu na iya zama m da mutane.