A mafi kyau iri na pears a Belarus: Review, noma, regionalization

A ɓangaren da na kasar ba za a dauke manufa domin namo na Sarauniya gidãjen Aljanna - pears. Shayarwa suna aiki don inganta data kasance shuke-shuke da kiwon waddan sabon. Irin pears a Belarus, kamar yadda, lalle ne, da sauran wurare, sãɓã wa jũna a cikin ripening, 'ya'yan inganci da sauran halaye. Tsarin karba-karba ba ka damar cimma mafi kyau yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin wannan yanki.

pear

Ambaton pear za a iya samu a tsohon Rasha tarihin dating daga goma sha biyu karni. Yau, duk fadin duniya, ana horar da dubban irin wannan itace. Kowane yana da nasa muhimmi halaye, wanda ake sa da ƙasa halaye, sauyin yanayi, kasar gona, hazo. Thermophilic a pear - sanannun gaskiya, duk da haka, shayarwa gudanar kawo iri-iri, daidai makale kuma a sanyaya canjin yanayin.

Wasu irin pears a Belarus (reviews cottagers da kuma lambu tabbatar da shi), raba mukamin ga takamaiman wurare na kasar, ba da wani kyakkyawan girbi. Zaki da kuma dadi 'ya'yan itatuwa da lokaci zuwa yã'yan, kuma karfafa masu gõnaki daga makon da ya gabata na Yuli da kuma karshen watan Nuwamba.

Pears a Belarus

Fiye da shekaru 20, da mafi kyau iri na pears for Belarus aka janye shayarwa da dama kimiyya cibiyoyin. Daga gare su, da All-Russian Research Institute of noma (Michurinsk), da Belarushiyanci Research Institute of noma, Taa. A halin yanzu, da dama, irin samuwa ga lambu samu nasarar gwada da kuma bada shawarar ga namo a cikin yanayin damina a kasar.

The rare sun hada da:

1. farkon lokacin rani:

• Lipno.
• Lada.
• Agusta dew.
• Skorospelka na Michurinsk.

2. marigayi rani:

• Chizhovski.
• Rogneda.
• Duhmjanyj.
• Lagodnaya.

3. Autumn:

• Fancy Efimova.
• Memory Zhegalova.
• Caramel.

4. Winter:

• Belarushiyanci daga baya.
• Nazarin Kiev.
• Kyrgyzstan hunturu.
• A watan Nuwamba.

Wadannan itatuwa suna da mafi alhẽri saba da sauyin yanayi na kasa, kasa mai saukin kamuwa da cuta fiye da mazan iri-iri - Bessemyanka ko Tonkovetka. Popularity pears ne a hankali kara, ko da yake rashin bayani game da nasarorin da na zamani kiwo sakamako. Ba duk growers ne sane da updates, ba ko da yaushe suna da damar da za su saya dasa kayan. Bambancin kewayon shuke-shuke, za a iya zabar da ya dace sa ga yankinka. Amfanin ƙasa, cuta juriya da kuma kyau karbuwa ga waje da yanayin da damar mu mu yi magana ba ne kawai na mai son aikin lambu, amma kuma a kan cinikayya da gidãjen Aljanna tab a arewacin yankunan na Belarus.

rarrabuwa

Masana kimiyya rarraba pears a kan da dama filaye. key:

1. Anfani:

• ado - manufa domin gyara shimfidar wuri Parks da gidãjen Aljanna, da 'ya'yan itatuwa ne ba edible, amma bayyanar shi ne mai daukan hankali a foliage kyakkyawa.
• 'ya'yan itacen, bi da bi, na iya zama:

• fasaha - yi amfani a cikin masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci ga aiki.
• Jita-jita kayan zaki ko - cinye sabo.
• m - dace da aiki, da kuma ga sabo amfani.

2. A lokacin da maturation:

• rani ko farkon - girbi marigayi Yuli - farkon watan Agusta.
• kaka, ko tsakiyar - girbi a watan Satumba da Oktoba;
• hunturu, ko marigayi - da 'ya'yan itace isa ciruwa balaga a tsakiyar kaka.

3. 'ya'yan size:

• manyan-fruited - 200-500 grams ko fiye.
• Middle - 80-200 grams.
• kananan-fruited - 30-80 grams.

4. A mataki na hardiness:

• Hardy ba daskare ko a zazzabi na -30-35 ⁰ C;
• ba Hardy.

5. Ku ɗanɗani tayin:

• dadi;
• zaki da kuma m.
• tart-m (irin dandano da aka samu daga babban abun ciki na tannins 'ya'yan kwasfa).

6. The Hanyar pollination:

• samoplodnye - ko da yaushe ba wani barga yawan amfanin ƙasa.
• ba kai-pollinated - suna bukatar takamaiman pollinator iri.

m aikin injiniya

Horar da iri na pears a Belarus bukatar guda kula da itatuwa suna girma a daban-daban climatic zones. Farming kayan aiki ya hada da 'yan maki:

1. saukowa. A mafi kyau gona - baƙin yumɓu da kuma lãka kasa da zurfin ruwan karkashin kasa. M lemun tsami. Location zaba ne m da kuma windless. Masana sun yarda da spring dasa, amma bayar da shawarar fall - karshen watan Satumba.

2. Ciyar. A dasa rami da aka yi har zuwa 10 kg humus taki (takin iya), 50 grams da 30 grams na superphosphate potassium gishiri. A farko shekaru hudu a karkashin itace da kuma yin nitrogen taki sau daya a kakar kara potash taki. Daga shekara ta biyar da duk takin saka a GROOVES haƙa a kusa da periphery da kambi.

3. watering. Matasa shuke-shuke, anã shayar sau ɗaya a mako, daya kawai guga. A zafi bushe weather da kuma al'ada watering mita aka ƙara.

4. Gyara da kambi. Yana yana da za'ayi a cikin bazara da kaka, cire layi daya da hankali girma rassan, rage ma dogon. Places yanka sarrafa lambu farar ko powdered gawayi.

Bugu da kari, aikin gudanar da ake bukata domin cutar rigakafin, kiwon lafiya pruning, ƙasa magani, rufi (idan ya cancanta).

saki iri

Daban-daban irin pears girma a Belarus a da yawa gida gõnaki, kuma a cikin kasuwanci da gonaki. Karba-karba na tebur ne mafi mashahuri su.

Summer

Summer pear iri a Belarus, wata kafa a kasar - shi ne:

1. Duchesse shekara. Kamar kusan duk farkon irin pears a Belarus ya ba da wani m girbi a watan Agusta. Fruit nauyi - har zuwa 80 grams, da dandano ne mai dadi, m, talauci kiyaye su, ba fiye da makonni biyu. Cikin jiki, shi lafiya-grained, m, bawo matt hasken rawaya. Fruiting fara a 7-8 shekaru, shi tolerates sanyi resistant zuwa scab.

2. Fancy Efimova. Yana wakiltar bazara da kuma marigayi irin pears a Belarus. Haifar tsallaka fi so Clapp da Tonkovetki. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a shekara takwas, bada barga high da ake samu a farkon watan Satumba. Fruit yin la'akari har zuwa 120 grams, greenish-rawaya. Mafi yawa daga pears rufe da duhu ja zama ja. Cikin jiki, shi m-dadi, dan kadan tart, matsakaici m, fari. Adana for makonni biyu. Bishiyoyi suna da kyau gagara frosts ne resistant zuwa scab.

kaka

Kaka iri na pears a Belarus (photo 'ya'yan itãcen marmari iya gani a kasa) ba da girbi daga farkon watan Satumba zuwa Nuwamba. Suna mafi kyau adana a kwatanta da lokacin rani. Tarin ne da za'ayi da sauri (ba fiye da 6-7 days), kafin rasa wani wanda ake iya nuna bayyanar da dandano. Common iri:

1. Chizhovski. Bears 'ya'yan itace ga 3-4 shekaru, da aka halin high da ake samu. Fruit nauyi - 140 grams. A kwasfa ne m matt, rawaya, akwai kananan zama ja. A dandano na pear m-zaki da ɓangaren litattafan almara ne yellowish ko fari, matsakaici juiciness. Girbe a watan Agusta, an adana har zuwa 3 watanni. Grade zaunanniya m yanayin yanayi, sanyi.

2. Kawai Maria. Fruiting farawa a shekara ta uku, a barga yawan amfanin ƙasa. Manyan, yin la'akari har zuwa 190 grams tare da m 'ya'yan itãcen marmari m jiki. A kwasfa ne hasken rawaya da kadan ruwan hoda zama ja. Resistant zuwa kwari da cututtuka, sanyi ba tsoro. Girbe a fall, da 'ya'yan za a iya adana har Nuwamba.

Winter

Winter pear iri a Belarus ne rare tare da mai son lambu. A bayãnin hukuncin alama na irin 'ya'yan iri ne su kiyaye ingancin (za a iya adana up zuwa spring). 'Ya'yan itatuwa suna kokarin tattara kamar yadda marigayi kamar yadda zai yiwu, a lokaci guda hana su daga fraying. Akwai da dama iri mafi kyau saba da kasar yanayin damina:

1. A Kyrgyzstan hunturu. Yana bada barga high yawan amfanin ƙasa a kan 6-7 shekara. Pears fara tattara a cikin makon farko na watan Oktoba, har yanzu kore, da tabawa da ruwan hoda zama ja. Weight ne 250 grams. Cikakken maturation ne a watan Disamba, da fata ya zama rawaya, da kuma magenta launi zama. A 'ya'yan itatuwa da kyau kwarai dandano, m ƙanshi, nama ne fari da kuma m. Grade amince jure frosts da kuma fari, resistant zuwa scab.

2. Belarushiyanci daga baya. Yana Bears 'ya'yan itace a cikin 5th shekara. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa na har zuwa 90 kg da itacen, ba da 10th shekara. Fruit yin la'akari da matsakaita na 100 grams, zaki da na shakatawa sourness. Cikin jiki, shi m, da fari, dan kadan m. Dace da amfani daga Oktoba zuwa watan Fabrairu. Iya dage har sai May (a Coolers). Kwasfa maras ban sha'awa, m, orange-rawaya, wani lokacin rufe rasberi ja. Cold-resistant iri-iri, ba ya shafa scab, rare a tsakiya da kudancin sassa na kasar.

sabon iri

Popular kuma yadu amfani irin pears a Belarus rasa hankali da juriya ga cututtuka. Bere Slutskaya, m, Belarus daga baya a shekara tare da rigar da kuma sanyi, a lokacin rani massively shafa scab. Masana kimiyya nemi su ba kawai kawo sabon iri, amma kuma daidaita data kasance mãsu da yanayin damina a kasar. Memory Yakovlev Chizhovski, Severyanka an gabatar da iri.

A shekarar 2005, sabon "pear mazauna" na Belarus kara da cewa:

1. Lagodnaya - matasan 81-13 / 64. A periodicity na amfanin gona a cikin 4th shekara. Fruit nauyi zuwa 150 grams ripening a marigayi Agusta, da ɓangaren litattafan almara ne m, mai dadi, kuma m, m, tare da m zaki ƙanshi. A kwasfa ne kore da yawa m-dige. Girbe a watan Agusta, aka adana har zuwa 3 makonni.

2. Fun - seedling 5/20. Fruit itatuwa a 5-6 shekaru, da girbi ne quite barga, qara da shekaru. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ku auna nauyi zuwa 120 grams, m fata, m, a lokacin da harbi a cikin rabi na biyu na Satumba greenish-yellow bayan ripening (bayan sati 3) - zinariya rawaya. Cikin jiki, shi m, mai dadi-m, aromatic.

girbi

Belarushiyanci Research Institute of noma yayi irin apples da pears a Belarus da cewa mafi kyau sadu da bukatun da growers da kuma masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci. A lokacin aikin (tun 1925), masana sun yi karatu fiye da 1,000 samfurori daban-daban iri.

Zaba da kuma bada shawarar ga tsarin karba-karba pears nuna wani mai kyau amfanin gona. Record ya 2006-2007 da kuma 2009-2010, a lokacin da babban girbi kai 61.000 tons.

da yin amfani da

Pears amfani da mafi yawa sabo. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari arziki a cikin bitamin da kuma ma'adanai. Doctors bayar da shawarar da shi a matsayin abin da ake ci samfurin da low abun ciki na da adadin kuzari da kuma sukari. Brewed daga cikin 'ya'yan itace compotes, ababen hawa, ababen hawa, bushe' ya'yan itãcen marmari girbe. An sosai yadu a yi amfani da dafa abinci pear ne. Kuma ba haka ba ne kawai desserts - da 'ya'yan itace ke da kyau tare da nama kayayyakin.

Wood yana da wani musamman ingancin - shi ne cikakken ba batun nakasawa. Gine-ginen amfani da wani m sanya na pear itace. Fine gida ado da furniture sanya daga sarrafa baki stained pear itace, ya dubi tsada, kamar yadda idan daga katakon kanya.