A ilimin kididdiga Hanyar - qarya ko haƙiƙa data yi yanke shawara?

Known sanarwa a wanda statistics ne daya daga cikin 3 irin qarya ya zo bayan "wani ƙarya" da kuma "blatant ƙarya," dangana ga Benjamin Disraeli, wanda ya ta arba'in da arba'in da biyu (lokaci da faruwa a cikin 2nd rabin karni na 19th), da firaministan kasar Birtaniya . Duk da haka, a cikin lokaci, da marubucinsa Disraeli, Mark Twain talla da aka hana. Amma zama da cewa kamar yadda shi may, wannan magana kwararru da yawa ci gaba da maimaita a cikin rubuce-rubucen da jama'a kalamai, babban abun ciki na wanda shi ne mai Hanyar ilimin kididdiga analysis. Matsayin mai mulkin, shi sauti kamar wargi, a cikinsa akwai kawai sulusi da murabba'i na wargi ...

Statistics - masana'antu takamaiman ilimi, wanda ya bayyana yadda za a tattara, bincika da kuma fassara babban kundin bayanai, duka biyu ingantaccen da kuma gwada yawa. Shi shafi daban-daban kimiyya da kuma m yankunan na rayuwa. Alal misali, amfani da statistics taimaka a zabi da hakkin ilimin kididdiga Hanyar domin lura da duk wani nau'i na bayanai zuwa bincika. Legal aiki a filin na aikata laifi da kuma iko a kan su. Ilmin Lissafi tasowa ilmin lissafi hanyoyin tsara da kuma amfani da bayanai a m, ko kimiyya dalilai. YAWAN JAMA'A bayyana alamu na yawan haifuwa. Tambaya stats kagaggun magance da masana ilimin harsuna da Internet.

Amfani da ilimin kididdiga hanyoyin kwanakin baya akalla zuwa 5th karni BC Wasu daga cikin farko records ƙunshi wani littafi da aka rubuta a cikin 9th karni AD. e. Arabian Falsafa, likita, lissafi da kuma mawaki Al-Kindi. Yana ba da cikakken bayanin yadda za a yi amfani da mita analysis (histogram). New Chronicle game da 14th karni da ya gaya labarin Florence, dauke daya daga cikin na farko da ayyuka a cikin tarihi tabbatacce statistics. Sai aka janye su da Florentine banki Giovanni Villani, da kuma hada mai yawa bayanai game da yawan jama'a, management, kasuwanci da cinikayya, da ilimi da kuma addini wurare.

Farkon aikace-aikace na statistics ayyana muradinta na jihar don gina wani demographically da kuma tattalin arziki sauti manufofin. Its iyaka da aka fadada a farkon karni na 19th kuma hada da tarin da kuma bincike na data a general. Yau, da wannan yanki na ilimi da aka yi amfani da ko'ina gwamnati, kasuwanci, na halitta da kuma zaman takewar kimiyya. Its ilmin lissafi harsãshensa, da bukatar wanda ya tashi daga wani binciken da caca, da aka aza a cikin 17th karni da ci gaban da ka'idar yiwuwa Faransa lissafi Blaise Pascal da Pierre de Fermat. A ilimin kididdiga Hanyar kalla murabba'ai aka farko aka bayyana ta Carl Fridrihom Gaussom a kusa da 1794.

Rapid da kuma ci gaban da sarrafa kwamfuta ikon fara daga na biyu da rabi na karni na 20th, ya na da wani tasiri a kan ci gaban amfani da kididdiga. The kwamfuta juyin juya halin da ya sanya sabon girmamawa a kan ta gwaji da kuma empirical aka gyara. Yanzu da akwai wani babban yawan biyu janar da kuma musamman shirye-shirye, tare da abin da za ka iya amfani da a yi na wani ilimin kididdiga hanya, ko iko Charts, histograms, hulda analysis, tanadin, da stratification hanya, Ishikawa zane, ko a Pareto analysis.

Yau, statistics ne daya daga cikin key kayayyakin aiki, don tasiri kasuwanci da kuma samar da kungiyar. Yana ba ka damar fahimta da su domin auna halin canzawa, sakamakon inganta aiwatar da iko, kazalika da inganta ingancin samfurori da kuma ayyuka. Alal misali, shugabannin yin amfani da ilimin kididdiga hanyoyi don sarrafa da ingancin, za, a matsayin mai mulkin, a sanar da yanke shawara, haka management aiki da nagarta sosai, kuma Yanã fitar da ana tsammanin sakamakon. Saboda haka, statistics a cikin wannan harka, ne key, da kuma watakila kawai dogara ga kayan aiki.

A ikon zaži kuma yadda ya kamata amfani da ilimin kididdiga Hanyar damar m karshe kuma ba ga su ɓatar da waɗanda suka bayar da bayanai analysis. Saboda haka, m nassoshi da kwararru na haihuwa faxin game 3 digiri na ƙarya ya kamata a gani a matsayin mai gargadi na kurakurai da cewa zai iya zama m da kuma samar da tushen yanke shawara riƙi da yankunan da sakamakon.