A constellation na Sagittarius. Astronomy, 11th grade. Taurari a cikin maƙillan

Ƙungiyar Sagittarius tana tsakiyar Scorpio da Capricorn. Yana da ban sha'awa saboda ya ƙunshi tsakiyar Galaxy. Har ila yau a cikin wannan manyan waɗansu masaukai ƙungiyar taurari ne batu na hunturu solstice. Sagittarius ya ƙunshi taurari da yawa. Wasu daga cikinsu suna da haske sosai. Wannan ƙungiyar ta zama babban yanki a cikin dare. Akwai labarai masu yawa da labaru masu dangantaka da shi. A cikin makaranta, ana nazarin taurari a cikin tsarin "Astronomy" (11th grade). Amma tsarin karatun yana iyakance. Kuma masoyan gabobin sama suna so su sami ƙarin sani ba kawai game da maƙillan ba, amma kuma game da ƙananan harshe da haɗuwar da ke tattare da su.

A constellation na Sagittarius

Sagittarius tabbas shine daya daga cikin maɗaukakin ban mamaki da ban sha'awa na sararin sama. A nan ne cibiyar mu Galaxy ta kasance kusan kimanin shekaru 30,000. An ɓoye a bayan girgije da ke kunshe da ƙurar ƙasa. Kira da taurari na mahaɗar Sagittarius mai haske a sararin sama, ba shakka ba, amma har yanzu wasu daga cikinsu sun kai kimanin darajar 2.0 kuma suna bayyane a sararin samaniya.

An yi imanin cewa a Sagittarius zaka iya kiyaye mafi kyawun ɓangare na Milky Way. A nan, ko da a cikin filin binoculars, kungiyoyi na duniya da nebulae suna bayyane. Mafi ban sha'awa kuma, ba shakka, kyakkyawan su shine Lagoon da Omega nebula (wani lokaci ake kira Swan), da kuma M20 da aka bude kwanan nan. Masana kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa Sagittarius ne ko da wani baki rami, bisa ga astrophysicists, shi ne located a tsakiyar mu galaxy.

Don haka, yana da sauƙi don gano mahaɗar Sagittarius a cikin sama. Hotuna, samuwa tare da taimakon magunguna masu iko, taimaka wajen samun wani abu da ba'a gani ga ido mara kyau. A cikin arewa maso gabashin ɓangaren masana'antu, tare da girma mai kyau, wanda zai iya duba dwarf galaxy. Ana kusa da Milky Way. Nisa zuwa wannan galaxy mai banƙyama na nauyin ba bisa ka'ida ba shine kimanin miliyan 1.7 miliyan. A hanyar, an gano shi a 1884 da masanin kimiyya E. Barnard.

A dabi'a, dukkanin abubuwa a cikin ƙungiyoyi na Sagittarius suna nesa daban-daban daga tsarin hasken rana. Har zuwa tauraron mafi kusa - Ros 154 - kawai 9.69 shekaru haske. Kuma wannan ta hanyar ka'idoji ne na kusa da kusa. Don haka, za ku iya cewa wannan makwabcinmu ne.

Ƙungiyar Sagittarius a cikin sama

Wannan ƙungiyar taurari ne a fili a bayyane a cikin dare sama a lokacin rani. Ya bayyana daga shekara ta biyu na Fabrairu, kuma zaka iya kallon shi har zuwa Nuwamba. Yanayi mafi kyau don lurawa shine watanni na rani. Sa'an nan kuma ya ɓace. Rana tana cikin Sagittarius daga ranar 18 zuwa 18 ga watan Janairu. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: shi ne wani ɓangare na ƙungiyoyi Sagittarius Agusta 15, 1977 da alama ta sanannun duniya "Wow!" - mai yiwuwa ne daga bautar duniyar.

Labarun game da maƙillan

Ƙididdigar Sagittarius an haɗa shi da wasu centaurs da aka sani a mythology: Krotos da Chiron. Kusan a cikin dukkan fafutuka na tauraron sama a duk lokacin, an zana shi ta hanyar zane wanda aka nuna jigon halittar mutum tare da jikin mutum da jikin doki. A cikin wannan tsari an rubuta shi a cikin littafin Claudius Ptolemy "Almagest".

Shahararren harshen Girkanci game da maƙillan Sagittarius ya haɗa shi tare da mai hikima Chiron, malamin kuma jagoranci na jarumi. An yi imani da cewa wannan centaur ne musamman don tafiya na Argonauts wanda ya ƙirƙira da duniya globe. A kan haka, ya bar shafin don kansa. Yana da sauki tsammani cewa wannan shi ne constellation Sagittarius, tun da wannan centaur harbe daidai daga baka. Amma rashin tabbas ya faru: masanin Krotos ya riga ya ci gaba da maye gurbinsa. To, Chiron dole ya shirya wani kamfani mai daraja na Centauri.

An kafa ƙungiyar Sagittarius a cikin "Tarin Svyatoslav" har ya zuwa 1073. Ƙungiyoyin Slavic, an san shi a karkashin sunan zamani.

Lagoon Nebula

Da yawa daga cikin abubuwan da ke tattare da asirin duniya suna kiyaye su ta hanyar sagittarius. Hotunan da aka karɓa tare da taimakon wani na'urar wayar tafi-da-gidanka sun taimaka wajen nazarin cikakken bayani game da Labula, wanda aka samo shi. Ana iya ɗauka a matsayin gaskiya na sararin samaniya. Ga wadanda suke son kallon taurari, wannan harshe na iya zama abu mai ban sha'awa. Za a iya ganin ko da binoculars.

Lagoon Nebula shine shimfiɗar jariri ga taurari. Yana da haɗuwa da tauraron ƙwayar ƙura. Yana da kyau a siffar da cibiyar rarrabewa ta fili. A nebula ƙunshi tari na taurari, da cewa ya jũya shi a cikin daya daga cikin mafi kyau abubuwa na dare sama na bazara. Yana da nisa daga tsarin hasken rana ta tsawon shekaru 5200. Ya ƙunshi globules - duhu gizagizai na kayan ado.

M20 Nebula

Hakika, ba kawai tauraron tauraron dan adam ba ne masu sha'awar astronomers. Ƙananan mahimmanci suna da ban sha'awa sosai. Akwai da dama daga cikinsu a cikin constellation na Sagittarius. Amma daya daga cikin mafi kyau shine babu shakka ƙwayar M20. Wannan shine abu mafi ban sha'awa don kallon lokacin rani, ko da yake ana iya gani a cikin telescopes na matsakaici da kuma babban buɗewa.

Abu na farko da ke jan hankalin hankali shine taurari ne a tsakiyar sashin haske na ƙulle-ƙulle. Sa'an nan kuma ya zama sananne cewa wannan abu yana "tsage" kamar yadda yake. Ana ganin rata na fata rarraba harsashin zuwa sassa biyu. Wannan ɓangaren duhu yana da siffar harafin "T". Tare da girma mai kyau, ana ganin cewa kwayar ta ƙunshi sassa uku. Kuma kusa da shi wani abu ne mafi muni.

Ta haka ne, ƙwayoyin ta M20 na wakilta manyan nau'o'i guda uku: launin ruwan hoda (watsi da ruwa), baƙar fata (shayarwa) da kuma blue (nunawa).

Alpha Sagittarius

Taurari na ƙungiyoyi Sagittarius basu da haske sosai. Tabbas, saboda haka, saboda magoya bayan dare na sama basu da kyau. A cikin wannan rukuni, yana da ban sha'awa cewa alpha ba shine tauraron haske ba. Amma har yanzu ana iya gani kuma yana da nasa suna.

Rukbat shine tauraron fari da fari. A cikin larabci, sunansa yana nufin "gwiwa". Wannan shi ne Alpha Sagittarius. Daga tsarin hasken rana zuwa tauraron, Rukbat yana da kusan 71.4 parsecs. A cikin siffar, yana kan gaba a hagu na kafa a cikin gwiwa. Daga nan ta sami sunanta. A cikin haske daga cikin alpha Sagittarius ya fi muhimmanci ga star Kaus Australis.

Star Kaus Australis

Da haske mafi girma a cikin constellation shi ne Sagittarius ipsilon. Harshen bayyanar Kaus Australis shine 1.79, wanda ya dace da hasken taurari a cikin "guga" na Big Dipper. Ana iya gani a hankali ga ido mara kyau, kuma yana da sauƙi a samo sama. Masanin kimiyya a cikin tsakiyar karni na ashirin ya bayyana asirin irin wannan radiance mai haske. Tare da cikakken nazarin Sagittarius ta ipsilon, an ƙaddara cewa wannan tauraruwa ce.

Ana fassara Kaus Australis a matsayin "ɓangaren kudancin baka", wanda yake nuna matsayinsa a cikin adadi. Wannan shi ne kudancin kudanci da haske a cikin baka na Sagittarius, wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwa uku. Albasarta sunyi, ban da Kaus Australis, wasu taurari biyu. Ilimin kimiyya shine kimiyya wanda yake daidai kuma mai inganci, sabili da haka, baya ga sunayen sarari, abubuwan da ke cikin sararin sama suna da sunayen sunaye. Lambda da Beta Sagittarius suna kira Caus Borealis da Caus Meridionalis. Tare da ipsilinom suna samar da "baka".

Sau uku star a cikin constellation Sagittarius

A cikin constellation na Sagittarius daban-daban taurari. Astronomy yana da bayanai a kan supergiants da dwarfs. Amma ana kulawa da hankali ga masana kimiyya na astronomical ta taurari uku. Su ne sosai rare kuma sabili da haka sha'awa. A cikin constellation na Sagittarius akwai tauraron tauraron - shi ne Albaldes. Daga tsarin hasken rana, an cire shi a nesa kusan kimanin shekaru 508. A cikin hotunan taurari an kawo shi a karkashin sunan "Pi Sagittarius".

Albaldah mai haske ne. Ana gani a fili ga ido mara kyau, saboda haka an san shi tun zamanin da. Sunan da aka ba ta daga Larabawa masu nazarin sararin sama, wadanda suka kula da ita tun kafin zamaninmu. Daga kalmar Larabci mai suna "Albaldah" an fassara ta "birnin". Zai yiwu sun san cewa wannan ba daya bane, amma taurari uku, wanda zai bayyana irin wannan sunan. Amma an tabbatar da gaskiyar wannan gaskiyar.

Pi Sagittarius shine tsarin taurari uku. Babban abu ne mai laushi mai launin rawaya da fari. Yanayin zafin jiki na surface shine game da 6590 kelvins. Har ila yau, yana da ban sha'awa cewa hasken wannan giant ya wuce rana sau dubu. Taurarin yana a wannan lokacin juyin halitta, lokacin da nauyi da matsalolin ciki sun rasa zaman lafiya. Giant mai launin rawaya-fararen fara farawa da kwangila. Albaldakh ta tauraron dan adam basu san komai ba. Ba a saukar da irin wadannan taurari ba.

Gamma Sagittarius

Ƙungiyar ta Sagittarius ta ƙunshi karin Kattai. Duk da haka, ba duka suna bayyane ga ido mara kyau. Amma ba Alnastle. Wannan tauraron yana samuwa daga tsarin hasken rana a nesa da shekaru 96.

Gamma Sagittarius yana bayyane a sararin sama a kan wata maraice. Saboda haka, masana kimiyya sun sani tun zamanin d ¯ a. Har ila yau, yana da mahimmanci a cikin cewa ba shi da suna guda biyu amma sunaye Larabawa. Na farko shine "Alnastle", wanda aka fassara a matsayin "arrowhead". Sunan tauraron tauraron, "Nushbad", mai mahimmanci, yana da ma'anar ma'anar.

Bisa ga siffofinsa na jiki, Alnastle mai girma ne. Yawan zafin jiki yana da kusan 4760 kelvin. Tauraruwar tana da tauraron dan adam na duniya, kamar Sun, ba a kafa ba. Duk da yake ba a sami alama ba.

Tauraruwar Sefdar ita ce Sagittarius

Yana da tauraron biyu, yana nesa daga Sun game da shekaru 146. Wannan Sagittarius yana da sunaye biyu: Larabawa "Sefdar" ("Jarumi mai tsananin tsoro") da Latin "Ira Furoris" ("Flaming rage"). Har zuwa 1928, ya kasance wani ɓangare na Telescope. Daga baya, lokacin da aka sake yin iyakoki, an sanya shi ga Sagittarius.