2 Ludwig na Bavaria: da biography da kuma hoto

Ludwig II na Bavaria mulki 1864-1886 gg. A wannan lokacin, da mulkin ya zama wani ɓangare na kenan Jamus Empire. A monarch kadan ban sha'awa a cikin harkokin siyasa, amma mafi lokacin da aka kishin art da kuma gine-gine na castle. A cikin 'yan shekaru, ya zama reclusive kuma ƙarshe aka ayyana mahaukaci da kuma rasa iko. A 'yan kwanaki bayan rasa lakabinsa Ludwig nutsar karkashin m yanayi a cikin lake.

yara

Agusta 25, 1845 An haife nan gaba Sarki Ludwig na Bavaria 2. Iyaye da yara yaron da aka hade da Munich. Mahaifinsa Crown Prince Maximilian na Wittelsbach daular, wanda daga baya ya zama Sarki Maximilian II. Uwar Maryamu da grand yar Frederic da Prussian monarch Frederick William II.

A 1848, wani jerin juyin da ya faru a duk faɗin Jamus. Kakan yaron Ludwig na yi za su yarda da kuma mika wuya. Ikon da gado ya wuce zuwa Maximilian, da kuma ɗansa ya gaji da kambi yarima. Yaron da aka dauka zuwa wani secluded castle Hohenschwangau, inda ya girma. Ta yaya za ka ciyar da gaba 2 Ludwig na Bavaria? monarch yara da aka kashe tsakanin littattafai da kuma music. Ya zama sha'awar art, musamman wasan kwaikwayo. Ya kasance mutum mai ladabi dandano da kawai zai iya zama a cikin XIX karni, a lokacin da Jamus al'ada samu ta mai haske flowering.

Kamar yadda wani yaro, da monarch ya yafi m arts ilimi. 8 hours a rana, ya yi karatu Latin, Girkanci, da Faransa, kazalika da wallafe-wallafen da kuma tarihi. A karshe biyu abubuwa sun musamman sha'awar a cikin jariri, ya ba su fi hankali. Magaji karanta mai yawa da kuma mafi yawansu duk ƙaunar na da Legends da Faransa wallafe-wallafe. Good memory sanya shi daya daga cikin mafi Malamai mutane daga cikin lokaci. Crown Prince kaunace yanayi yan qasar Bavaria. A shekaru 12 ya sanya farko babban kari a kan duwatsu. Wadannan Kadaitaccen Voyages da babban tasiri a kan halinsa.

art majiɓinci,

A 1864, ya rasu Maximilian II. Hukumomi dauki 18-shekara Ludwig 2nd na Bavaria. Accession a kan karaga ya faru nan da nan bayan jana'izar bikin a kan lokaci na rasuwar tsohonsa. The matasa monarch ya kadan sha'awa cikin harkokin jama'a, kasashen waje da manufofin da rikici. Domin shekaru 18, ya kawai ba su da lokacin da za a shirya a sami kursiyin. Saboda haka, maimakon harkokin jama'a Ludwig nan da nan ya sadaukar da kansa ga ci gaban da Bavarian art.

Sarki ya zama matsahi na saba da Richard Wagner ya kuma ba shi da gwaji taimakon kudi. Mawaki, samun manyan tallafin daga baitul, ya samu ta mafi girma tsawon m aiki. A farko daga cikin wasan opera "Das Rheingold," "Die Walküre", "Tristan da Isolde" da "Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg" ya faru a Munich National Theatre, wanda shi ne dole ba sarki da kansa. Babban kudin rike Ludwig Wagner yi karshe sosai mutane suke so daga cikin 'yan ƙasa. A 1865 da monarch ya sadu da jama'a da kuma aika wani mawaki bayan Bavaria. Duk da haka, wannan bai hana su, su kula da abota.

Lokacin da Ludwig samu ikon, ya juya daga cewa shi ba a shirye domin sabon rawa. Ya bai bayyana mai jagoranci wanda zai bayyana a gare shi yadda za a warware jama'a matsaloli. Saboda haka, sarki da ciwon nasu ra'ayoyin game da abin da yake mai kyau da kuma abin da yake mafi sharri a gare kasarsu. Hoton na monarch Ludwig garwaya da images of na da heroes, Knights da haruffa wasanin kwaikwayo Schiller. Duk wannan ya fita burbushi dreamy da impressionable yanayi.

ally Austria

A 1866 wani sabon yaki ya barke a Jamus. A kasar da aka hada da mutane da yawa da mulkoki da ikoki, ya kasu kashi biyu irreconcilable sansani. A waɗannan shekaru, za ta yanke hukuncin game da abin da jiha za a sõyayya a dukan na Jamus. Babban abokan adawar a cikin wannan rikici kasance Prussia da kuma Austria.

Ludwig II yanke shawarar kai gefen Habsburg Empire. Ya soja harkokin da aka taba sha'awar da haka wakilai dalĩli game da gwamnati da sojojin ta zuwa yawa ministoci da barorinsa, ya tafi zuwa Switzerland. Prussia lashe shi ne kawai ya dauki watanni uku. Bisa ga wulãkantãwa yanayi na yarjejeniya da Bayern Berlin ya biya manyan reparations da wuce a cikin Bad sarari suKe da Gersefeld.

soke bikin aure

Bayan da rasa yaki tare da Prussia King kawai da zarar ya ciyar kewayawa yankuna na kasar, ziyartar arewacin yankin. Ya zarar rasa sha'awa cikin harkokin siyasa da kuma fara kai jihar ta cikin jami'ai. A halin yanzu, monarch ya zama abu na tartsatsi zargi saboda rashin so ya aure, kuma suna da wani mataimaki.

Me ya sa haka komo acikin Ludwig 2nd na Bavaria? Iyaye a cikin shekaru na matasa kokarin shirya alkawari, amma ga wani wadãtar. A karshe, a 1867, Gwamnan ya sanar da POI cewa nan da sannu aure dan uwansa Sophia. Aure ne don haka zumunta za a iya dakatar da cocin Katolika, amma shugaban Kirista, ya saba wa tsammanin ba ta izinin domin bikin aure.

Yana fara shirye-shirye domin bikin. Bisa ga umurnin da gwamnati sverhdorogih kocin da aka halitta, da kuma wani hoto na Sarauniya Sofia ya bayyana a kudin sufurin kan sarki. Amma a karshe minti ya soke bikin aure da 2 Ludwig na Bavaria. Hotuna daga dogon-jiran bikin da kuma ba ta bayyana a cikin jaridu, da kuma monarch zuwa karshen zauna da takardun shaidar.

Bavaria - wani ɓangare na Jamus Empire

A 1870, Sarkin Prussia sanar da halittar da Jamusanci Empire. Bayern zo a cikin shi bayan Ludwig rinjayi Otto von Bismarck. A Prime Ministan ya yi alkawarin da monarch babban tsabar kudi dividends. Bugu da kari, Bavaria ya aika da taimakon Prussia 55 dubu sojoji a lokacin da Franco-Prussian War, bayan da daular an halitta.

Ludwig san cewa idan kasarsa ta saka hannu zai, a nan gaba shi zai kudin ta samu 'yancin kai. Prussia a kowace harka, shi ne mafi girma Jamus ikon da jima ko daga baya zai mamaye da makwabta. Domin Bismarck Bavarian support ya muhimmanci, saboda kawai alliance Munich iya neman yardarsu maƙiya siyasa ƙungiyõyin a Berlin.

Ludwig da yawa abokai a Vienna, amma a karshen shawarar tafiya a cikin farkawa daga cikin Berlin siyasa. Ya ya iya yarda da Bismarck sharadi gwargwado ga Munich. Shi ne da godiya ga Ludwig mulki rike babba siyasa mulkin kai, kuma yana da shekaru da yawa yana da mafi m ɓangare na daular. Ko a yau da yawan jama'a na wannan yankin ne da gaskiya da ya wadãtu da kansa ba kawai ta Jamus, amma da farko mazauni 'yan qasar Bavaria. Janairu 18, 1871 a Palace na Versailles, a wani aiki Paris, da Prussian Korol Vilgelm an naɗa Sarkin sarakuna. Ludwig kasance mahalarci a bikin.

King-gini

A zamanin mulkinsa, Ludwig ta qaddamar da gina mutane da dama ne gidãje. Dukkan su sun yi amfani da matsayin monarch ta muhallinsu. Mafi shahara daga cikinsu (Neuschwanstein Castle) da aka gina a 1884. Materials for shi aka kawo daga duk kan Jamus. 2 Ludwig na Bavaria, wanda kwa'di aka gina a kan mutum ayyukan, yanke shawarar domin ado na zama ta amfani da hotunan wahayi zuwa gare ta scenes daga operas daga Richard Wagner. Monarch tattauna tare da mawaki almara da kuma ra'ayoyin ga dakuna.

Da yawa daga baya Neuschwanstein ya zama cibiyar yawon shakatawa. Yau, Bayern samun wata babbar riba da jawo baƙi daga ko'ina cikin duniya suke so su ziyarci wannan ban mamaki wuri. Ko Pyotr Tchaikovsky aka fascinated da yanayi da kuma kyau na castle. Sun yi wahayi zuwa ga mawaki ya tsara da rawa "Swan Lake". A zamani sanannun al'adu Neuschwanstein aka fi sani ga gaskiya cewa ta layout da aka replicated a Yankin Disneyland. Logo shahara studio, ya ɗauke majigin yara, kuma ya hada da wani silhouette na castle. Kuma wasu rare zama, wanda ya gina 2 Ludwig na Bavaria. Personal rayuwa Sarki ya m, don haka ya gina castle baya da castle (Linderhof, House a kan Schachen, Herrenchiemsee), inda yake boye daga wasu. Yau, duk wadannan wurare ne yawon shakatawa cibiyoyin. Akwai ba za ka iya kawai ziyarci wani gidan sarauta dakunan, amma kuma saya tsaraba lamba, ya samu lambar 2 Ludwig na Bavaria da sauran abubuwa a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar.

Ƙulli daga cikin monarch

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, rai na Ludwig 2nd na Bavaria ya fara kai wani reclusive salon. Ya yi ritaya a Neuschwanstein - ya fi shahara castle. Saboda wannan, ministoci da kuma wasu statesmen na kasar, domin ya sami da monarch ta sa hannu a cikin takardun da ya je wa sarki tafi zuwa ga duwãtsu. Hakika, mutane da yawa sun m da wadannan sabon umarni.

Ware 2 Ludwig na Bavaria yanke da yawa na su na sirri lambobi. Abokai fara motsa kange daga gare shi. A karshe Sarkin ya kusa aboki na dan uwansa da kuma Empress Elisabeth na Austria. Ta, kamar ɗan'uwansa, aka fuskanci kin amincewa a ƙasarsu, kuma ya rayu ware daga wasu, lokaci-lokaci ziyartar wata ziyara zuwa ƙasarsa ta Bavaria. Ludwig rayu ne a dare da barci kawai a hasken rana. Saboda wannan al'ada, ya zama da aka sani da "watã sarki".

Ta ƙarshe lokacin da monarch hukuma bayyana a cikin jama'a, a 1876. Ya halarci bude wani sabon Bayrotskogo festival shirya Richard Wagner. Daga baya Ludwig 2nd na Bavaria ya fara nuna hali wajen shubuha. Ya fara m hali zuwa kasuwanci, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa taskar da aka komai, kuma ta basusuka sun ci gaba da girma. Saboda karancin kudi da sarki dakatar da gina sabon kwa'di.

Jita-jita game da cutar

Ban tausayi da kuma m kuskure Ludwig shi ne ya yanke shawarar cire kansa daga karshe biyu amintacce kusa - Schneider ta zaman kansa sakatarorin da Tsinglera. Monarch fara canja wurin ba su umurnin ta cikin valets, kuma ba a rubuce da kuma verbally cewa ya zama wani m asa ga ƙiren ƙarya, arya, da Sarki ya yi ajiyar a nan gaba yanayi.

A daina sarki ya rayu a cikin gidansa, a ware, da mafi akwai dukan jita-jita game da shafi tunanin mutum da rashin lafiya. Zai yiwu Ludwig 2nd na Bavaria yi girman unnaturally saboda tasiri a jiki na kwayoyi. Alal misali, ya yi amfani da chloroform don cire m toothaches.

Shafi tunanin mutum matsaloli da suke tare da da dama 'yan Wittelsbach daular da kuma mai yiwuwa ne hereditary. Ludwig ta da ɗan'uwana, kuma zai gaje shi Otto Na yi kama da cututtuka, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa a lokacin mulkinsa yanke shawara sun kasance mãsu maye wa junã. Similar a hanyoyi da dama don kimanta jita-jita game da hauka Neuschwanstein mai shi. Cousin Elizabeth tunani Ludwig eccentric mutum wanda yake zaune a kansa mafarki duniya. Duk da haka, cikin hankalinsa Empress babu shakka.

Rikici da gwamnatin

Ministan ya yi ĩmãni in ba haka ba. 2 Korol Lyudvig na Bavaria ya zama musu da wata babbar matsala. Sabili da aloofness jihar tsarin a kan ta saman bene, yana shanyayye. A Yuni 1886 an gudanar da majalisa na likitoci. Masana sun bayyana mahaukaci monarch. A wannan yanayin da suke amfani kawai da shaidar shaidu, amma bai bincika haƙuri.

Amma sirri likita Ludwig Franz Karl Gershter ki sanya hannu kan takardar da kuma gane shi mahaukaci. A 1886, bayan mutuwar monarch, ya wallafa wani littafi na memoirs, wanda jefa shakka a kan hukuncin da hukumar da hankulansu rashin lafiya. Saboda wannan ɗaba'ar Gershteru jimre zalunci da hukumomi, da kuma a sakamakon, ya koma Leipzig.

Yuni 9 gwamnatin hukumance hana Ludwig iya aiki. Bisa ga dokokin a cikin irin wannan yanayin, da kursiyin ya je da Regent. A dare, jihar hukumar isa Neuschwanstein, wanda ya 2 Ludwig na Bavaria. A karshe shekaru ransa bai bar castle. Hukumar kuma ya aiko da monarch domin magani. Duk da haka, da mazaunin 'yan kungiyar da aka ba izini. Suna da su koma zuwa Munich.

rashi na ikon

King, ya farga da hatsarin da halin da ake ciki, ya yanke shawarar zuwa yaqi tare da ministocin via kafofin watsa labarai. Ya rubuta buɗaɗɗiyar wasiƙa aika zuwa ga dukan Metropolitan jarida. Duk da kansu, fãce wanda, aka intercepted a kan hanya. [Aukaka {ara ta buga daya kawai takarda, amma a kan Hauwa'u na saki lambobi bugu gidan da aka hatimce da kuma cire lambar. Ya kamata gwamnati ta yi la'akari a gaba yadda za a yanke da magoya bayan monarch.

Bugu da kari ga jaridu 2 Korol Lyudvig na Bavaria rubuta wani Jamus yan siyasa. Ya sakon waya kai kawai ga firaministan kasar Bismarck. Ya shawarci monarch je Munich kuma yi magana da mutane, da wata sanarwa a kan ministoci canje-canje. Ludwig basu da lokaci zuwa bi wannan shawara.

A ranar isa Neuschwanstein sabon hukumar. Wannan lokaci likitocin suna iya samun cikin castle. Ya taimake su shiga cikin footman, wanda ya ba Sarki. Ludwig sanar da wajibi jiyya a wani tabin hankali asibitin. Bugu da kari, da kakakin gwamnatin karanta fitar da wani takamaiman ministoci siffantawa. Sun zargi monarch a cikin rashin amfani da kudi (musamman da kudi tafi da gina gidãje), wadanda ba sa hannu a cikin rãyuwar Bavaria da kishili dangantaka. Ludwig ya ba aure, da 'ya'ya, amma da yake da shi mai yawa favorites (misali, actor Yozef Kaynts a Vienna).

mutuwa

A gaskiya kama Ludwig aka aiko zuwa ga castle na Berg, located a kan gaba na Lake Starnberg. Yuni 13, 1886, tare da wani likita hauka Bernhard von Gudden ya tafi yawo a wurin shakatawa. Tare da su kuma akwai guda biyu orderlies, amma da farfesa aika da su zuwa ga castle. Bayan wannan episode, babu daya gan Gudden bango da kuma hambararren sarki da rai. Lokacin da 'yan sa'o'i daga baya suka koma ga Berg, da Kwamandan fara kama su.

Ba da da ewa, Lake Starnberg, biyu aka gano gawarwakin - shi ne farfesa kuma 2 Ludwig na Bavaria. Biography na monarch an gauraye, da kuma kammala shafi tunanin mutum da rashin lafiya ya jagoranci gwamnatin don bayar da shawarar cewa Sarkin ya kashe kansa. Fage Gudden kuma Muka nutsar da shi, ƙoƙarin ajiye wata matsananciyar haƙuri. Wannan version ya zama hukuma. Doctors, wanda sun gani da latest Wittelsbach, ya ce ya nuna babu alamun hauka kuma yi kasafi. A al'umma ya zama na kowa version na cewa duk abin da ya faru ya kasance a siyasa kisan kai. The gwamnatin haka samu kawar da m monarch. Babu wani daga wadannan theories ne ba m shaida, don haka asiri na karshe minti na rayuwar Ludwig sun kasa warware yau.

Sarkin aka binne shi a Munich, a cikin Church of St. Michael. Wanda zai gaje shi da kane na Otto I.