Kada ka san abin da caravel?

Ka tuna, a kan wasu jirage masu nisa India Columbus? Domin da farko lokacin da ya ji sunan wadannan sailboats, involuntarily ce: "Yaya romantic! Kuma abin da ke cikin caravel? "A gaskiya, da sunan na da craft yana da matukar melodic sauti, kuma a fili suna da kyau sosai. Su sukan yi wa ado da katako jiki richly sassaka da waving a cikin iska filafili sanya su kama wani cruise jirgin ruwan.

Caravel Ship: The Story of asalin kuma etymology

Akwai da yawa zabin zuwa bayanin asalin kalmar. A cewar daya daga cikinsu, da sunan wadannan sailboats yana Portuguese tushen da ya zo daga gajeren version na kalmar caravo (sailing jirgin ruwa). Amma da Italiya yi imani da cewa jirgin caravel mai suna haka saboda ta kyakkyawa da ladabi, da kuma da sunan da ya zo daga ci biyu Italian kalmomi - cara (cute), kuma Bella (kyawawan). Kuma akwai wani version of Greek asalin, bisa ga abin da ya zo daga kalmar χαραβος (ksarabos). Daga shi ya zo da Latin carabus (wicker jirgin ruwan), da kuma na Rasha kalmar "jirgin". Hakika, da Italian version - mafi kyau da kuma fairly kusa a ma'anar, saboda caravel - yana da zahiri da kyau sosai jirgin. Duk da haka, masana tarihi ayan yi imani da cewa kalmar na da shi cikin Greek asalinsu.

Mene ne caravel?

Wadannan jiragen ruwa sun kowa a yammacin Turai a cikin 13-16 karnoni. Saboda a cikin wadannan shekaru, Spain da kuma Portugal an dauke Most Maritime iko da kuma manyan Gwargwadon binciken mallakar ta zuwa gare su, su da sauƙi mallaki mafi iko da kuma ci-gaba fleets. Babban ɓangare na jimlar yawan Spanish fleets har da 15th karni zarcewa kotu, da ake kira "caravel" (duba hoto labarin). Saboda haka, mu duk mun girma binciken matuƙan shirki da shi tare da su, amma sauran marine sailboats - karakki -. More sau da yawa da hannu a dogon tafiya Hristofora Kolumba, Vasco da Gama, Magellan, da dai sauransu shigar da cewa na Karakka ku wuya ji wani abu, alhãli kuwa caravels ko da yaushe Mun kasance a ji, da kuma duk godiya ga poetic sunan. Caravel! Beauty, kada ku ce wani abu. Sun kasance biyu ba ko uku-masted tasoshin da wani kai tsaye, ko QFontDatabase (Latin) magudi. Ga wadanda suke so su sani, a mafi daki-daki, abin da caravel, za mu iya ƙara da cewa suna da wani musamman irin ƙwanso plating. Saboda haka, idan a kan sauran kotuna da aka soma da ake kira Hanyar "zoba", sa'an nan wadannan sailing jirgi tare da fata shige tam ga juna. Bayan bayãnin hukuncin alama na wadannan jiragen ruwa sun kasance tabbataccen aminci craft tsawon zuwa ta nisa (4: 1), gaban guda bene, kuma a tãyar da tsananin, inda shi yiwuwa a gudãna tãre da wani m iska. A caravels yawanci suna da uku masts, kuma triangular ze tashi lazimta da QFontDatabase reyam.

Daga cikin jiragen ruwa Hristofora Kolumba kama jiragen ruwa sun "Nina" da "Pinta", amma majestic "Santa Maria" nasa ne wani sabon ƙarni na sailing - Karakka. A takaice, caravel - a sailing jirgin, wanda saboda ta maneuverability, tare da karin ci-gaba Karakka gudanar da iyo a bakin tekun na Novaya Zemlya. Wadannan jiragen ruwa ayan da za a talauci dauke da makamai. The kananan girman da bene ba a yarda da za a sanya a kan su manyan bindigogi bindigogi. Saboda haka, kawai kariya ga su sun kasance manyan muskets, wanda aka sanya a cikin tsananin.

Inganta da caravels

A tsawon lokaci, da caravels fara inganta. Su maimakon QFontDatabase filafili sun mike, kuma saboda su kotuna sauki don sarrafa da adalci iska. Kolumbovskaya "Pinta" mallakar wani sabon ƙarni na caravels, kuma ta na da wani kai tsaye ba-Latin filafili, yayin da a cikin "Nini" su ne triangular, kamar yadda a cikin gargajiya model, wanda asali aiki a matsayin kama kifi dalilai.

Columbus kafin su tsallaka Atlantic daga cikin Azores ya yanke shawarar ya maye gurbin slanting filafili a kan "Nine" madaidaiciya. Kuma shi ya yi. Bayan duk, idan ta kasance ba haka ba, da caravel, watakila ba zai iya isa gaba of America. Yana hankali ya fita daga yin amfani da Latin-type filafili. Kuma idan sa'an nan wani tambayi abin da caravel, sa'an nan ba wanda zai yi ya bayyana cewa, wannan kotu tare da wani QFontDatabase sailing kaya.

ƙarshe

A cikin kafofin akwai da yawa kwatancin waɗannan kwanoni, duk da haka, kusan babu misalai, wanda za ka iya kwatanta, abin da suka da caravels zahiri. Mafi yawa daga cikin zane-zane da aka yi da yawa daga baya, lokacin da tafiyarta ya dade daga amfani. Duk da haka, har mu kai caravel image, sanya a Lisbon a 1520. Godiya ga shi, mu fahimtar wannan jirgin zama mafi complete. A cikin hoton biyu-masted caravel (hoton dama) tare da wani QFontDatabase ze tashi. Yana ne wanda aka nuna a kan retablo a St. tsverkvi. Avty. Wannan yadda muhimmanci ne wadannan da jirgin ruwa a Portugal a wannan zamanin na cikin manyan Gwargwadon binciken.