Zhelyabov Andrei Ivanovich: biography, photos, views

A cikin tarihi na Rasha da ta'addanci ne mafi shahararren adadi Andrey Ivanovich Zhelyabov cewa sauran neman sauyi m - V. I.Lenin - idan aka kwatanta da Garibaldi da Robespierre. A fahimtar Zhelyabova babban burin shi ya iya gaskata kowane hanya amfani a cimma shi. Yana da wannan manufa kasance a gare shi da kuma abokan aiki "da farin ciki na mutane" abin da suka wakilci a fairly m, amma ga wanda suke shirye, ba tare da jinkirin, da kuma zubar da, da kuma wasu 'jini.

serf makaranta

Future mashahuriyar 'yan ta'adda da aka haife shi a 1851 a wani iyalin serfs kauyen Nikolayevka Tauride lardin. Kayan yau da kullum na karatu da rubutu kadan Andrew koya daga kakansa Gavril Kalashnikov da farko littafi ya Zab. Sabanin sanannen imani da cewa mulkin gargajiya gidan haya kasance gaba daya heartless exploiters, da mai shi ya kasance mai yawan ba kawai wani m zuwa ga manoma, amma kuma wani mai goyon bayan jama'a ilimi. A 1860, sai ya ba da nasa kudi Zhelyabova tara-shekara nazari a cikin Kerch makaranta.

Gano duniya na Utopia

Godiya ga na bincike hankali da kuma wani enviable juriyarsu Andrew sauke karatu daga gare shi a 1869 tare da wata lambar azurfa da kuma wannan shekarar ya zama wani dalibi na Attaura Faculty of Novorossiysk University a Odessa. Back a makaranta shekaru Zhelyabov Mai ƙididdigewa ga ideas na neman sauyi canji na duniya da cewa sun na da karfi tasiri. A karshe karkatarwa a cikin ransa zo bayan karanta Chernyshevsky "Me?", Wanne kafa ta akida imani. Na rubuta game da shi kansa Zhelyabov.

Yanina, wani photo na wanda aka gabatar a cikin labarin, daga baya ya tuna cewa, daga cikin abokansa a lokacin da yake dalibi shekaru, kuma nemi a sake tsara duniya, ya wanzu a gaye magana a cikin wadannan shekaru - "Tarihin motsa ma sannu a hankali, shi wajibi ne don tura." Tura fara a farko damar, musamman tun da ya ba su yi shakka gabatar da kaina. Janar damunsu taso ra'ayin mazan jiya ra'ayoyi na daya daga cikin malaman - Farfesa Valtazar Bogišić da Zhelyabov gangarawa directed a kan dalibi ta yi. Ya wuya tura wannan labarin, amma bar University fitar ga rashin ladabi.

takaici miji

Bugu da ari, kamar yadda su cikin gabatarwa: "Ba na son koyi, so don samun aure." Fate kuma akwai m. Tsohon dalibi, cunkus burinsu, amma ba su da rai a kan dinari guda, a murkushe 'yar wani m sugar Yakhnenko - mai Enterprises a Kherson lardin. A 1872, da bikin aure ya faru, kuma nan da nan aka haife kuma su na farko-haife Andrew - magaji zuwa kakansa da kuma daraja babban birnin kasar na neman sauyi sunan mahaifinsa.

Zama dangi na irin wannan arziki da kuma girmamawa mutum, Zhelyabov Andrey Ivanovich aka zarar reinstated a jami'a, inda ya yi karatu ga kasa da shekara guda - kawai isa a Directorate da ƙarfin yin shi a zaman jama'a aiki, ya sa ta hanyar duk da wannan sauyi ideas. Bayan wani deductions ya bar matarsa, "steeped a bourgeois son zuciya.Magana" kuma ba ya yi musayar ra'ayi, sai ya tafi Kiev.

A farkon juyin juya halin Musulunci da ayyukan

Akwai Zhelyabov tabbatar da dangane da gida yunkuri, kuma musamman da shugabannin da aiki a lokacin da wani Semi-doka kungiyar "Community." Af, to ya bashi: rabuwar da iyãlinsa, sai ya yi kokarin yi amfani da kudi-a-dokar da tsohon, kuma ya aikata wani rai ta wajen ba zaman kansa darussa.

Ba da da ewa yana da lokacin ya zo, to wanda haka dogon tattalin kansa Zhelyabov. Yanina ya fara neman sauyi aiki, ya koma a 1873 zuwa Odessa, inda ya zama memba na da'irar da Narodniks, karkashin jagorancin V. F. Volkovskim. A nan sai ya tsunduma a farfaganda tsakanin ma'aikatan da kuma masana. Mutane da yawa da suka samu damar sauraron Andrei Ivanovich a waɗannan shekaru, ya lura da mafificin oratory, wanda, a hade tare da sirri laya taimake lashe Zhelyabov masu sauraro.

Kama da kuma "za mutanen"

Ya bayar da shawarwari aikin zarar ya kammala tare da kama, amma daga kurkuku, ya aka bayar da belinsa. A lokacin daga 1875 zuwa 1877 Zhelyabov Andrey Ivanovich zama memba daga cikin shahararrun "faruwa ga mutane", a lokacin da matasa 'yan neman sauyi kungiyoyin aka aiko zuwa kauyuka da za su gudanar na kai bishara a ayyukan tsakanin manoma a wani ƙoƙari na tãyar da su zuwa tsẽre ga su zamantakewa yancin.

Sake tsara. A 1877, wani babban rukuni na tsẽgumi populists, cikinsu da Zhelyabov, ya bayyana a gaban kotu a St. Petersburg, wanda shi ne daya daga cikin kare kansu shiga tarihi a matsayin "The aiwatar da xari da casa'in da uku." Ko da a cikin pre-fitina da ake tsare, ya gana da wadanda suka a nan gaba ya zama ya abõkan tarayya a cikin kungiyar 'yan ta'adda. Daga cikin su ya Sophia Perovskaya.

Halittar "Narodnaya Volya"

A rabo da kuma wannan lokacin ya kasance ga Zhelyabov taimaka - ya aka wanke. Lokacin da aka saki, sai ya tafi Podolia, inda komawarsu farfaganda tsakanin manoma. Duk da haka, sosai da ewa ba shi ya zama na fili aikin banza ne duk irin siffofin gwagwarmaya, kuma ya zo ga ƙarshe cewa ta'addanci a matsayin kawai zai yiwu hanya don cimma burin.

A lokacin rani na 1879 a Lipetsk taro ya zartar da juyin juya halin Musulunci kungiyar "Land da kuma Freedom", wanda ya zama memba na Zhelyabov. Andrei Ivanovich ya kasance daya daga wadanda suka tsokani tsaga tsakanin magoya bayan na lumana hanyar siyasa canji da kuma radicals, wanda ya ga wani yiwu hange ga tashin hankali. A sakamakon haka, da suka da aka rabu da babban rukunin, da samar da your own alliance, da aka sani da, "Mutanen Will". Zhelyabov ya zama daya daga cikin mafi yawan aiki members.

A karkashin ta dukan tsarin siga da aka halitta kai tsaye shugabanci, wanda kunshi dama yankunan, ciki har da ma'aikacin, dalibi da kuma soja. A cikin umarni ga irin kisan da dama, fādawa na daban-daban da darajõji. Ya kuma ci gaba da shirin na mataki na samar da domin lalata da autocracy, babban taron duniya na wani majalisar, da canja wurin da ƙasar ga manoma, da kuma kafa na zamantakewa da yanci. Af, bisa ga kungiyar ta takardu, kãmun ikon da aka sani kawai dole domin watsa daga mutãnenta. Amma shi ke da suka suna a wannan rõwa - shi ne m.

A farauta ga Sarkin sarakuna

Zhelyabov Andrey Ivanovich, wanda biography ne a hankali da alaka da Rasha neman sauyi motsi, ya zama shugaban shiri na lamba na yunkurin a kan Sarkin sarakuna Alexander II, wanda mayakan kungiyar karkashin jagorancin shi a ganawar ta kungiyar a 1879 aka yanke masa hukumcin kisa.

A farko daga cikin wadannan da aka yi wani yunkurin rushe da sarauta jirgin kasa a kan hanya daga Kharkov zuwa Moscow. Zhelyabov karkashin wani ƙarya sunan takalman gidan kusa da reluwe waƙoƙi a kusa da garin na Alexander da kaina gudanar da wani rami don kwanciya mahakar. A wannan lokaci ne kawai da daidaituwa da ceto da rai na sarki - tsãwa faru a lokacin da abun da ke ciki ne a kan wani m wuri.

Kashewar sarki - wata sigina don fara da juyin juya halin

An sani cewa ya shirya da kisan sau takwas sarki, ana gamsu da cewa ya jiki kawar zai zama detonator na tashin hankali a ko'ina cikin daular. A wani fashe da shauki ya ko da za su tafi a Samara lardin ya jagoranci baƙauye tawaye a can. Ya kasance da babban Oganeza kuma m zuwa Alexander II ta kisa aikata by Maris 13 (New Style) a St. Petersburg a kan embankment na Griboyedov Canal. Duk da abubuwa ɓullo da kansa Zhelyabov da harin ta'addanci.

Yanina Ivanovich da kaina bai kai raba shi, domin kwana biyu kafin aka bazata kama a daya daga cikin hadari gidaje. A kai tsaye management na wani harin ta'addanci da za'ayi ya na kowa-doka matar Sophia Perovskaya - 'yar Gwamnan St. Petersburg da kuma daya daga cikin akidojin yaki da autocracy. Bayan ta da aka kama, Zhelyabov bukaci cewa, gwamnatin dauki wani yawan kisan gillar da masu aikatawa.

A lokacin da na farko da ake tsare, ya aka sa a cikin Trubetskoy Bastion na kagara. A fitina, ya ƙi wani lauya da kuma amfani da jawabin su gabatar wa jama'a da shirin "Mutane Will". Bisa ga hukunci, Zhelyabov tare da sauran 'yan ta'adda da aka rataye a cikin Semenov Square a Petersburg. Ka lura da cewa wannan shi ne na karshe jama'a kisa a Rasha.

A canonization shahidai na juyin juya halin a fuskar

Zhelyabov Andrey Ivanovich, a takaice biography wanda aka buga a kasashen waje a cikin shekara bayan kisa, an misali cewa wahayi zuwa da yawa m yunkuri. Wannan aka yuwuwa, musamman, da kuma ta m ɗaukar hoto na buga a St. Petersburg a 1906-1907. mujallar "The Past."

Materials na mujallar aiki a matsayin wani tushe don bincike aikin da yawa Soviet masana tarihi, wanda, a tsakanin sauran mambobi na "Narodnaya Volya" sha'awar da farko Zhelyabov. Yanina, wanda ra'ayoyi sun kasance a tune da Bolshevik akidar a cikin Soviet lokaci, ya dauka da wuri na girmamawa a cikin pantheon shahidai da kuma heroes na juyin juya halin.

A cikin thirties, shi ya shirya ya haifar da grandiose tunawa Zhelyabov yi a karkashin aikin na sculptor Korolev. Suka zama wani Multi-siffa abun da ke ciki, a cikin abin da mutummutumai da bayi, Ripping da sarkar hada tare da wata hudu-mita mutum-mutumi na neman sauyi. Domin tunawa da aka shirya ya haifar da wani pedestal ado da shida Bas-reliefs a kan tarihi da kuma neman sauyi da jigogi da allo "Zhelyabov Andrey Ivanovich (1851-1881)." Na bayani ya riga an yi, amma aikin tsaya, da kuma ci gaba da ba sabunta.