"Yaroslavets", Rasha-sanya jirgin ruwan (Project 376): halaye, manufar

Kwanciya da sadarwa a karkashin ruwa search sunken jirgin, ceto ayyukan a koguna, da tabkuna da kuma kududdufai, na bincike bincike - a cikin wadannan yankunan iya zama da amfani a taimake m iri iri. Ruwa ake gudanar da za'ayi a kan kogin da lake expanses na Rasha, ba kawai na bukatar da ƙarfin hali da kuma heroism na iri iri. Yana da muhimmanci a yi da zama dole kayan aiki da kuma na'urorin haɗi. Works a karkashin ruwa ba za a iya yi ba tare da mai kyau shiri. Kafin ka fara, duba da fasaha serviceability jirgin ruwa da zai safarar iri iri zuwa ga wurin aiki. Matsayin mai mulkin, don karkashin ruwa aiki a kan koguna da tafkunan zuwa zurfin arba'in da biyar mita ne amfani "Yaroslavets" - jirgin ruwan aikin 376. Wannan irin sana'a da aka tsara musamman domin da bukatun da Navy Rasha Navy.

A tarihin abin da ya faru na jirgin ruwa

Rasha jirgin ruwan "Yaroslavets" (Project 376) ya bayyana a cikin hamsin hamsin na karni na ashirin. Domin da bukatun da Navy da kuma na tattalin arzikin da ake bukata wani daftarin na tug boat, wanda zai iya amfani da ruwa da kuma kwastan ayyukan. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa jirgin ruwan aikin da aka amince a shekara ta 1948, ya karbi lambar 376 da kuma "Arewa" cipher. Yana da aka kamata su yi amfani da jiragen ruwa da kuma wasu yankunan na tattalin arziki. A cikin zane na jirgin da aka sanya dole yanayin Rasha-sanya jiragen dole ne duk da dole halaye ga harkokin sufuri na jiragen ruwa ta dogo.

A 1953 Yaroslavl masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa, godiya ga wanda jerin Semi-hukuma samun da sunan, aka saki a cikin ruwa shugaban jirgin ruwan aikin 376. A Kotun nan da nan kaddamar da manyan jerin. Amma bayan shekaru biyu da shi ya canza wasu cikakkun bayanai na aikin, wanda a yarda don inganta aikin da jirgin ruwa da kuma hažaka ta samar da fasaha. Akwai wani sabon "Yaroslavets" - 376U jirgin ruwan aikin. Bayan da canje-canje irin wannan tasoshin da aka rayayye yi amfani ba kawai soja amma kuma farar hula, ma'aikatun da hukumomin, kazalika don ba a kasashen waje. Na biyu kamfanin, wanda ya fara Manufacturing jiragen zama Sosnovsky masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa (Kirov yankin).

waje siffofin

"Yaroslavets" - jirgin ruwan, wanda shi ne wani jirgin tare da daya dunƙule, to aras cikas, deckhouse dakatar da superstructure, tare da Kapoma sama da engine dakin da tsananin bilge daki. A jirgin ruwa ta ƙwanso da aka saba yi dukan giciye dinka. Jirgin ruwan sanye take da shida watertight bulkheads, uku man fetur tankuna ana saka a kan kasa da jirgin ruwa.

Ba kome kimanta hari abun yanka iyaka, da al'adu, ko fasinja, external halaye na wani irin jirgin ruwa su ne: masu saro tsawon ne game da ashirin-daya mita nisa ne hudu. Zurfin - 2.1 mita. The jirgin iya saukar da har zuwa goma sha biyu mutane. A free Gudun gudun daga cikin jirgin na iya zama har zuwa goma nodes.

fasaha halaye

An sani cewa Rasha samar jirgin ruwan jerin "Yaroslavets" an tsara a cikin irin wannan hanyar da su aiki zai ba da damar don rage sufuri na iri iri ko kaya to wurinta da kuma tabbatar da matsala-free aiki a cikin tafkunan, da waɗansu kõguna ko tabkuna. Raid ja jirgin ruwan ko wani jirgin ruwan da aka gina a cikin irin wannan hanya a matsayin saukin yin horar da a cikin kududdufi ruwa, kazalika da m kankara surface. Bugu da kari, shi na samar da dogo da sufuri jirgin ruwa, don haka girman da jirgin ruwan lasafta shan la'akari da halin yanzu yanayi. Ga yadda ake gudanar a ruwan inda akwai kananan karye kankara a jirgin ruwan zane na samar da kankara Kingston. Kawar da jiragen - 46,9 m, da talakawan laka tare da wani kaya - 1,27 m, ba tare da aza - 0,97 m, gudun freewheel - 10.5, cin gashin - 5 days.

Aiwatar da gyara

Jirgin gyara za a iya za'ayi da kansa. Duk da haka, wannan gyara da za a iya za'ayi da matukan jirgin da jirgin ruwa ko da mai shi kawai a kuma waɗannan lokuta inda jirgin ruwan zai zama qananan lalacewa. Alal misali, dole ne ka maye gurbin da misali plating, don kauce wa yayyo jirgin ruwan.

A wasu lokuta, da jirgin hawa zuwa masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa, gida na cikakken zanen daga cikin gidaje da aka bayar domin lantarki bari sunadaran hatches da portholes. Jirgin ruwan ya isa ga shafin na gyara aiki a kan hanyar jirgin kasa. Akwai aikace-aikace Masters da overhaul, bayan da jirgin ya koma zuwa ga mai shi.

A jirgin ruwa ta ƙwanso

Kamar yadda wani tsarin ƙarfafa jiragen sanye take da iko kwan fitila sassan, wanda ake amfani da matsayin tushen katako, ko kuma ƙarfe giciye hakarkarinsa ƙwanso da kuma gicciye jigajigan karin rigidity. All tare da jirgin ta ƙwanso saka fenda. Bars an sanya daga karfe ko kuma itace. Bututu za a iya lankwasa ko semicircular, tare da wani a tsaye haƙarƙari (halayyar for ƙarfe fendering).

Har ila yau, a yi amfani da Shipbuilding karfe malã'iku, faranti da kuma tube domin yin ƙarin stiffeners. masu saro kwarangwal ne mai kwasfa da karfe zanen gado wanda ake soldered wa juna da Weld seams nisa daga hudu zuwa goma millimeters. Sananne ga riverboat ne fitowan a cikin shakka daga kai-gyara mahaukaci zanen gado. Duk da haka, wannan ba a nuna a cikin ta ci gaba da aiki.

Hay kuma bugu da žari ƙarfafa hanci zama masu saro shtevnyami ga tsarin ƙarfafa da kuma daidaita a kan ruwa surface jirgin ruwa. A wasu model na jiragen "Yaroslavets" saita towing baka cewa hana halakar da towline a dace horar da. Towing baka kafa a cikin akwati inda sakamakon zama Shipbuilding ja jirgin ruwan.

jirgin ya dabaran

Jirgin ruwan a cikin tsari da gine da aka kafa daidaita dabaran streamlined. An sanya, yawanci m, sheet karfe. The inji iko da tuƙi gashinsa, wanda suke da hannu tare da juya horar da. Shi ke irin filafili ga jiragen. 376 The aikin daya kadai da ya rada. Duk da haka, a tsari na da haɓaka jirgin akwai daya more. Rada ruwa ne da karfe takardar da karankarman ƙirji. An haɗe zuwa jirgin ruwan da shida kusoshi a kan wani flange na wani madauwari ko rectangular siffar. Wannan aikin yana da wani rada ƙananan support, wanda sau da yawa take kaiwa zuwa da asarar gashinsa a lokacin jirgin ruwa. A babba bene ga bangaren sassa na tuƙi kaya sa, daya ko biyu matosai. Yana da irin dunƙule hula ramuka a wanda ya saka da tiller. An ɓangare daga cikin tuƙi inji, don haka da zasu yi aiki a taron da za su tsaga cikin igiyoyi cewa aika da karfi da tiller na dabaran sa'an nan kai tsaye zuwa matuƙin jirgin ruwa. Idan kun haɗu da irin wannan halin da ake ciki, da jirgin ruwa za a iya sarrafa da hannu.

pilothouse

A kan aiwatar da shiri na jiragen da ake gina wa sanã'anta ya matukin gidan da kuma hula. A wani raya bango a haɗe ƙugiya - karfe ƙugiya a haɗe zuwa igiyoyi da sarƙoƙi. Amfani ga dagawa jirgin, kaya da kuma towing sauran tasoshin. Akwai ma wani m ko a haɗe-tsani baka, manyan ga flybridge engine dakin. Domin "Yaroslavets" halin da m wheelhouse, da barin kogin zuwa safarar da ja jirgin ruwan da dogo. Duk da haka, a duk versions jirgin ruwan aikin 376 iyakoki da ba m, inji dakin. Za a dismantled kawai daya daga cikin zanen gado na burl. Kuma da halaye dangane da gyare-gyare ga zama daban-daban. Domin jiragen Project 376 amfani da wani lebur karfe takardar da karankarman ƙirji, yayin da aikin ga 376U Aiwatar profiled zanen gado ba tare da Weld fasteners.

A cikin wheelhouse zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa shigar uku ƙõfõfi, kuma rectangular taga. Middle kofa da aka shãfe haske, m leads kai tsaye zuwa rediyo dakin. A farko dari a kan mãsu kauri take kaiwa zuwa latrine kuma a fantsama garkuwa.

Dama shigar biyu kofofin, rectangular taga da biyu zagaye portholes. Doors da daban-daban kayayyaki. A tsawon lokaci, da kwa'di a kan kofofin samo asali, canja da fasaha halaye na ƙofar hinjis.

Portholes da hatches da jirgin ruwa

Model masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa "Yaroslavets" - jirgin ruwan, wanda aka sanye take da shida portholes a tashar jiragen ruwa gefe na jirgin ruwa. Gefen dama na jirgin ruwa jiragen ne kawai hudu portholes. Mafi kusa zuwa tsananin wani lokacin welded, kamar yadda suka iya zama ma kusa da ruwa surface. Wannan yawanci ya faru a lokacin da refitting jirgin ruwan, lokacin da ya shirya kwanciya da ballast, kara daftarin riverboat.

A zane azurta wani jirgin ruwan bene ƙyanƙyashe manyan cikin ciki sarari gabatar da. A lokacin modernization masu saro sun inganta yi da kuma hatches da kofofin.

Aikace-aikace jirgin ruwa

Boat "Yaroslavets" iya bauta ga soja dalilai, da kuma ga wasu gonaki, wanda kai kaya kasashen waje a kan kogin. "Yaroslavets", kamar yadda mai mulkin, ba a yi nufin na amfanin, amma akwai da yawa, duka biyu jiki da kuma doka abokai cewa mallaki su.

Don kwanan wata, jirgin da aka yi amfani da karin matsayin ja jirgin ruwan. Tare da shi towed da kuma kai-propelled kananan kogin jiragen. Bugu da kari, da "Yaroslavets" da aka yi amfani a matsayin wani fasinja jirgin ruwan. Yana iya rike a rike har zuwa goma sha biyu mutane.

Rayayye amfani da jirgin kamar yadda wani jirgin ruwan hari. Yanã fitar da mai iri iri zuwa ga site na karkashin ruwa a kasar. A kan jirgin ruwa zaune kayan aiki da kuma kayan aiki ga karkashin ruwa ayyukan.

A riko da jirgin za a iya hawa zuwa waje su goma sha biyar, ton na kaya. Har ila yau, da ƙungiya tsaron iyakar kogin shimfiɗa, kuma yaƙi da farautar, don haka "Yaroslavets" da aka yi amfani a matsayin wani gefe abun yanka.

cost riverboat

A cikin 50s na karshe karni jirgin ruwan Yaroslavsky Shipbuilding Shuka aka kerarre a kogin ruwa da aka yi amfani da bukatun da Navy, kazalika da wasu sassa na aikin noma. Duk da haka, to date, da sabon jirgin ruwan aikin 376 ne ba samuwa a kan ruwa. Bugu da kari, a wannan lokacin, kamar yadda muka ambata, mafi yawan serviceable kogin jirãge ake mallakar mutane.

Rasha jirgin ruwan, wanda farashin iya bambanta dangane da shekara da ruwa jirgin ruwa, kazalika da yawan gyare-gyare, shi ne mai sauki gano a bude kasuwar. Saboda a gaskiya wannan irin tasoshin mafi wuya gina a yau, za ka iya saya kawai jirage cewa an riga an yi amfani da baya.

Sayi iya kudin miliyan rubles. Yana da muhimmanci a hankali duba da jirgin ruwan, farashin wanda zai iya ze ba dama. Bayan duk, yana da muhimmanci ga wani abokin ciniki a cikin wani gajeren lokaci zuwa sami dividends daga saya ba, ba tare da jawabin ƙarin kudi ga jirgin gyara.

ƙarshe

"Yaroslavets" shi ne daya daga cikin mafi araha jiragen, kuma ba za ka iya saya a kusan kowane birni a Rasha. Ko a yanzu, ya na daya daga cikin mafi m da kuma amfani kogin tasoshin saboda ta m fasaha halaye.