Yankansu-da-ƙone da aikin noma. Yankansu-da-ƙone da aikin noma na Eastern Slavs

Slavs - da gabas da yamma - fi son zama a gida. Su main zama ya noma. Kabilan rai steppe sashi (inda gona ne in mun gwada m) amfani da tsarin na canjawa, ko fallow. gandun daji mazaunan aka tilasta gudanar da aiki maƙalutu-da-kuna aikin noma. Duka wadannan tsarin ne m. Su aiki-m da kuma halin low yawan aiki. M aikin noma da kuma da m zamantakewa tsarin ne a hankali related. A wasu kasashe masu tasowa za su yanka har yanzu shi ne babban tsarin namo.

Yankansu-da-ƙone da aikin noma: fasahar

Don shirya ƙasar don dasa bishiyoyi suna sare kan shi, ko kuwa aka yanka (partially cire haushi). Cikin kututturan da kuma rassan suna gaba ɗaya rarraba a nan gaba filin rabo fitar dashi zuwa kasar, don amfani da itace. "Undercutting" itatuwa bar su bushe a kurangar inabi. Yawanci, game da wani shekara (in spring, ko marigayi rani), sassaka itace ko matattu itace ƙone. Shuka da aka kwashe kai tsaye a cikin dumi toka. Tattalin haka gona ba ya bukatar plowing da takin. Ma'aikata sun kawai baje cikin filin da ka tumɓuke tushen hoes.

Yankansu-da-ƙona noma tabbas zai girbi mai girma, amma kawai a shekarar farko bayan auku. A loamy kasa seeded filin ga wani talakawan na 6 shekaru, a kan m - ba fiye da 3. Bayan haka, ƙasar dwindled. Sa'an nan site za a iya amfani da waje kiwo, ko mowing. Forest murmurewa bayan game da shekaru 50 bayan da ƙasar "bar shi kadai."

abũbuwan amfãni

calcining cikin ƙasa tabbatar da sterilization, halakar pathogens na cututtuka daban-daban. Ash duniya da aka bayyana ta da phosphorus, potassium da alli, wanda aka sa'an nan saukin tunawa da shuke-shuke. Wannan noma tsarin da aka bayar ga m shũka a farkon shekara. A halin yanzu, da ake samu kasance high farko (a lokacin) - daga 30 zuwa kai-100 kanta. A karshe, wannan hanya na management ba ya bukatar da yin amfani da wani wuya (musamman) kayayyakin aiki. A mafi yawan lokuta, bi da tare da gatari, a fartanya da kuma Harrow. A cewar wani Larabawa matafiyi, da mafi kyau daga cikin Slavs girma gero. Bugu da kari, shi zai yanke hatsin rai, sha'ir, alkama, flax, kayan lambu amfanin gona.

shortcomings

Yankansu-da-ƙone da aikin noma - yana da wuya da kuma lokaci-cinyewa na gama aiki. Wannan irin management ya shafi wata babbar lamba na free ƙasar da kuma lokaci mai tsawon na maido da su haihuwa. Daya yanki na ƙasar kwace daga cikin gandun daji, da ikon ciyar da manyan lambobin mutane. A farko, wannan ba dole: da Slavs zauna a kananan iyalansu. Sun samu damar jefa infertile ƙasar da kuma aiwatar da sabon shafin. Amma kamar yadda na yawan girma na undeveloped Ƙasar ta zama karami. Mutane ya koma zuwa ga tsohon shafin. A tattalin arziki da sake zagayowar ne a hankali rage, da gandun daji ba su da lokaci zuwa girma. Wannan yana nufin cewa ash zama kasa, da kuma ta iya ba samar gona na gina jiki a cikin dace adadin. Da ake samu fadi. Yankansu-da-ƙona noma, don zama kasa da kasa riba a kowace shekara.

Bugu da kari, a shekara ta biyu na duniya sintered, zama da wuya da kuma tsaya wa wuce danshi. Kafin na gaba shuka na shi ya abar kulawa da kyau. Domin sassauta ƙasa quality, bukata mafi nauyi harrows, da wanda wani mutum ya kasance da wuya mu jimre ba tare da taimakon daftarin dabbobi.

kida

Yankansu-da-ƙone da aikin noma na Eastern Slavs Yana ba nufa da fadi da kewayon m aiwatarwa. Haushi na itatuwa da aka yanka da wukake, yankan da aka za'ayi da taimakon da gatura (na farko - dutse, sa'an nan - baƙin ƙarfe). Tushen da aka cire baƙin ƙarfe fartanya. Yana kuma tsãgewar ƙwãyar manyan clods. Harrowed ƙasa ta amfani da sukovatki, wanda aka sanya karamin Pine itacen da rassansa wajaba. Daga baya, akwai wasu "model": nauyi Harrow-Smyk (daga tsaga kututturan alaka haife) da kuma Harrow-tire (kwamitin lemun tsami, wanda aka saka a cikin dogon spruce rassan). m rake ma wanzu. A girbi amfani sickles. Threshed flails, kuma milled masara da dutse hatsi grinders da manual dutsen niƙa.

Yankansu-da-ƙone da aikin noma: rarraba da kuma lokacin da firam

Wannan tsarin na gudanar da samo asali a cikin zamanin da. A lokacin da Bronze Age , shi a hankali yada a cikin gandun daji yankuna na Turai, amma magabatan da Slavs ƙware shi ba fãce a cikin Iron Age. Burning aikata ta a cikin Scandinavians (fiye da sauran - da Finns), daban-daban Finno-Ugric mutane (Komi, Karels, Udmurts - har cikin karni na 19th), da mazaunan Baltic da kuma ta Arewa Jamus natsuwa a Arewacin Amirka da kuma wasu daga cikin mutanen kudancin Turai. A wasu ƙasashe, a Afrika, da Asiya, da Kudancin Amirka, yankansu-da-ƙone da aikin noma shi ne har yanzu babban zama na peasantry.