Wajen m magana: da misalai a cikin adabi

Cikakken, m, lafiya da kuma haske da shi mafi kyau ake bayyana tunani, ji da kuma tantance halin da ake ciki. Saboda haka samun nasara a duk fitattu, kazalika gina shi ne sosai m kayan aiki na lallashewa. Ga taƙaice kafa abin nufi da m magana mutum na bukatar cimma da ake so sakamakon daga duniya a kowace rana, da kuma abin da - to cika arsenal na ma'ana magana a cikin wallafe-wallafe.

Special expressiveness harshe

Fi'ili tsari, shi ne iya jawo hankalin hankalin da saurarõnsu ko karatu, ya yi ta tunawa da sabon abu, musamman da suka bambanta, singularity, tare da tashi daga cikin saba da kuma yau da kullum - a bangaren ilimin harsuna magana.

Ga aiki da kyau, kowane hanya na m magana a cikin adabi, misali, an san misãli zvukopis, hyperbole, personification, da kuma waɗansu da yawa. Dole ne ka Master da dabaru na musamman da kuma hanyoyin da a hade, kamar yadda sauti a kalmomin da collocations.

Babban rawa da ƙamus, phraseology, nahawu da karin lafazi fasali. Kowane hanyar m magana a cikin adabi aiki, a kowane rukuni na ihisani akan.

imin sautin harshe

Ga babban abu - zvukopis, musamman m dabara, dangane da halittar sauti da hotuna da sauti maimaitawar. Za ka iya har canzawa da real-duniya sauti - da chirping, shẽwa, amo, ruwan sama, da dai sauransu, domin fararwa da ƙungiyoyi tare da ji da kuma tunani cewa kana bukatar ka kira saurarõnsu ko karatu. Wannan shi ne babban burin da za a cimma ta wajen m magana. Misalan onomatopoeia ƙunshi mafi yawan wallafe-wallafen lyrics: a nan shi ne musamman mai kyau Balmont "Midnight a sau ...".

Kusan duk da kasida na Azurfa Age zvukopisi amfani. Beautiful Lines bar Lermontov, Pushkin, Boratynsky. A Symbolists kuma koyi kirawo da auditory, na gani, kuma ko da olfactory, gustatory, tactile wakilci don matsar da tunanin mai karatu ya fuskanci wasu ji da motsin zuciyarmu.

Akwai biyu main iri, mafi cikakken fitai da zvukopisnye hanyar m magana. Blok misalai da Andrei Bely, suna sau da yawa ne kawai amfani da assonance - maimaita wannan wasali ko kama kara. Nau'i na biyu - da alliteration, wanda aka sau da yawa samu riga a Pushkin, kuma Tiutchev, - maimaita baƙaƙe - m ko kama.

Ƙamus da kuma phraseology

A farko wajen m magana a cikin adabi - en cewa expressively nuna halin da ake ciki, ko abu, ta amfani da kalmomin a cikin su zaurance. The main iri tropes: kwatantawa, epithet, personification, misãli, metonymy, synecdoche, periphrasis, hyperbole da litotes, irony.

Bayan tropes, akwai sauki da kuma tasiri wajen m magana. misalai:

• saɓanin ma'ana, ma'ana, homonyms, paronyms.
• salon maganarsu.
• ƙamus, fentin stylistically, kuma ƙamus, yana amfani da iyaka.

A karshe abu ya hada da irin harshe na dabam da kuma jargon, kuma ko da ƙamus, aka ba su yarda a mai kyau al'umma. Hamayya da juna a wani lokaci sun fi tasiri fiye da wani epithets: Me kake tsabta! - baby, iyo a cikin pool. Kamancin kwanyarsa da kuma bunkasa magana daidaito. Kari yarda da gaskiyar cewa a tura ma ji wani saba da sauri ke da lambar sadarwa. Wadannan ilimin harsuna mamaki suna ba kai tsaye wajen m magana. Misalai na wajen ba musamman, Fit ga wani musamman mataki, ko rubutu, amma zai iya muhimmanci ƙara zuwa asubahin hoton da tasiri a kan mai karɓa. Kyakkyawa da liveliness na jawabin dogara gaba ɗaya kan abin da irin kayayyakin aiki, don samar da m magana amfani da shi.

Kuma gwada epithet

Epithet - da aikace-aikace ko da Bugu da kari a Greek. Marks da muhimmanci alama mai muhimmanci a cikin wannan mahallin amfani da siffa definition, tushen latent kwatanta. Mafi sau da yawa wannan siffa: black melancholy safe sedoe, da dai sauransu, amma na iya zama wani epithet suna, yar bab, participle, wakilin suna, da kuma wani ɓangare na magana. Za ka iya raba epithets amfani a cikin kowa da harshen, na kasa poetic da mutum copyrights hanyar m magana. Misalan duk iri uku: a deathly shiru, wani m saurayi, curly magariba. Za a iya raba daban - alama da ma'ana: a cikin wani blue hazo, dare, mahaukaci. Amma kowane rabo, ba shakka, sosai matukar.

Kwatanta - a kwatanta wannan sabon abu, ra'ayi ko abu tare da wani. Ba za a rikita batun tare da misãli inda m sunayen, idan aka kwatanta da ya kamata a ambata duka biyu daga cikin abu, sifa, mataki, da dai sauransu Alal misali: a haske kamar meteor. Za ka iya gwada ta hanyoyi da dama.

• Instrumental (samartaka Nightingale tashi).
• kamanta siffa ko yar bab (kore tẽku ido).
• kungiya ta kashin idan, kamar yadda idan, da dai sauransu (As dabba squeaked kofa).
• kalmomi kamar, kamar, da dai sauransu (Your idanu ne kamar biyu hazo).
• Comparative sassan jumlar (zinariya foliage swam a cikin kandami, kamar garken malam tashi a kan wani star).

Korau kwatancen sukan yi amfani da jama'a shayari: Wannan ba wani doki ... saman kasida sau da yawa gina wani fairly manyan girma na aiki, ta amfani da daya ne a wajen m magana. A cikin wallafe-wallafe, litattafansu za a iya gani, misali, a cikin Littafin waqoqi Koltsov, Tiutchev, Arewa, litattafan Gogol ta litattafan, Prishvina da yawa wasu. Yana da aka yi amfani da mai yawa. Wannan shi ne mai yiwuwa mafi nemi-bayan hanyar m magana. A adabi, shi ne ba a ko'ina. Bugu da kari, shi hidima biyu kimiyya da kuma tallace-tallace, da kuma magana da rubutu da irin wannan himma da kuma nasara.

Misãli da personification

Wani sosai yadu amfani wajen m magana a cikin adabi - wani misãli cewa yana nufin a Greek - canja wuri. Kalma ko jumla da ake amfani a zaurance. Dalili a nan shi ne cikakken kamancin abubuwa, events, ayyuka, da dai sauransu Ba kamar kwatancen misãli ne mafi m. Yana take kaiwa kawai, ana kwatanta ta da daya ko wata. Kama za a iya dogara ne a kan siffar, launi, juz'i, manufa, ji, da dai sauransu (A kaleidoscope na events, da walƙiya na soyayya, da teku na haruffa, wata taska trove wakoki). Metaphors za a iya raba talakawa (kowa da harshen) da kuma art: zinariya hannuwansu da lu'u-lu'u taurari burge). A rayuwar yau da kullum riga da kimiyya metaphors: lemar sararin samaniya rami, da hasken rana da iska, da dai sauransu Nasarar da magana, kuma marubucin da rubutu ya dogara da abin da ke nufin daga m magana amfani.

Irin sawu, kama da misãli - da embodiment, idan ãyõyin barinku aka canjawa wuri zuwa abubuwa, Concepts, ko mamaki yanayi: sa barci hazo, kaka rana paled da sõmammu - personification na halitta mamaki da ya faru sau da yawa sosai, m sau da yawa yake a cikin duniya na abubuwa - gani Ann. "a goge kuma ku yi rukũ'i," Mayakovsky "Cloud a wando", Mamin-Siberian tare da "mai kyau-natured da kuma sada yardar gida", kuma mafi. Ko da a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum ba mu lura da Avatars: da na'urar ce iska cures, da tattalin arzikin ya fara matsawa, da dai sauransu Abu ne mai wuya a can ne mafi alhẽri hanyoyi na hanyar m magana, jawabin, zanen mafi m fiye da embodiment.

Metonymy da synecdoche

A Girkanci metonymy nufin renaming, wato, sunan da aka canjawa wuri daga abu na ƙin, inda tushe - contiguity. Very qawatawa da riwayan amfani wajen m magana, musamman kamar metonymy. Sadarwa a kan manufa na adjacency iya zama da wadannan:

• abun ciki da kuma abun ciki: ci uku faranti.
• mawallafa da kuma ayyuka: suka kwaɓe Homer.
• mataki da makamin: wanzuwa takuba da wuta;
• abu da kuma batun kayan: a kan zinariya ci abinci.
• wuri da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo: m birni.

Metonimija karin hanyar m magana magana, tare da shi kara tsabta, daidaito, hasashe, da kuma tsabta, babu epithet conciseness. Sane amfani da shi, da kuma marubuta, da kuma publicists, shi ne cika da salon magana jawabin na kowane fannin rayuwa.

Bi da bi, wani irin metonymy - a synecdoche, a Greek - hulda, ma, ta dogara ne a kan canji da ma'anar daya sabon abu a kan wani ma'anar, amma daya kawai manufa - da yawa dangantaka tsakanin mamaki ko abubuwa. Kunsa iya zama kamar haka:

• kadan ga wani ya fi girma (a cikinta tsuntsu kwari, Tiger ba magana. sha gilashin).
• ɓangare na wani dukan (Beard, cewa shiru? Moscow bai amince da takunkumi).

Fasara ko fasara

Description ko siffatawa jumla a Greek - bi da bi, da ake amfani maimakon kalmomi ko haduwa da kalmomi - wani fasara. Alal misali, Pushkin rubuta "Peter halittar", kuma kowa ya sani cewa ya aka nufin St. Petersburg. Yana da damar da mu zuwa fasara da wadannan:

• su gane babban fasali na abu, wanda muka wakiltar.
• kauce wa maimaita (tautology).
• a fili kimanta wanda aka nuna.
• ƙara rubutu daukaka pathos, pathos.

Paraphrases hanawar kawai a cikin kasuwanci da kuma m style, amma in ba haka ba akwai yalwa. A salon magana magana sau da yawa coexists tare da irony, tattara abubuwa masu kyau tare da wadannan biyu wajen m magana. Rasha harshen da aka wadãtar da mahaɗar tsakãninsu daban-daban tropes.

Hyperbole da litotes

Alama da magana tare da ya wuce kima da ƙari ga sanyã ko ƙin halaye, ayyuka, ko events - wannan shi ne hyperbole (Greek aka fassara a matsayin wani ƙari). Litotes - a kan m, shi ne wani faɗi.

Tunani ne a haɗe zuwa wani sabon abu siffar, haske da wani tunanin canza launi, yiwuwa kima. Musamman da kyau taimaka haifar da ban dariya images. Amfani a cikin aikin jarida a matsayin wani muhimmin hanyar m magana. A adabi ba tare da wadannan tropes ma, ba zai iya yi: rare tsuntsu litattafan Gogol zai tashi kawai zuwa tsakiyar Dnieper. kankanin Ladybird Krylov da kuma irin wannan mai yawa kusan kowane aikin wani marubucin.

Irony da sarcasm

A Girkanci wannan kalma tana nufin wani Sham cewa ya yi daidai da yin amfani da sawu. Abin da ake da wajen m magana da ake bukata domin izgili? Sirri dole ne kishiyar ta nufi ma'anar lokacin shi ne mai kyau kima bõye izgili: wayo kai - wani roko da jaki a cikin labari Krylov misali. "Unsinkable gwarzo" - da irony amfani da tsarin na aikin jarida, wanda sau da yawa sa zance da alãmarsu, ko baka. Tools domin samar da m magana ba cinya shi. Yadda m a cikin matsananci - fushi, m - quite sau da yawa amfani sarcasm: da bambanci tsakanin kar kuma ya nuna, kazalika da m daukan hotuna na nuna. Unmerciful, fallasa kaifi - ya rubutun hannu: I yawanci jayayya game da dandano na oysters da Shelter kawai tare da wadanda suka ci su (Zhvanetskiy). Shikenan lissafin sarcasm ne sarkar na ayyuka: wani mummunan abu engender fushi da fushi, sa'an nan ya zo da dauki - karshe mataki na tunanin gaskiya: da kyau-ciyar da aladu m yunwa Wolves. Duk da haka, kana bukatar ka yi amfani da sarcasm kamar yadda m kamar yadda zai yiwu. Kuma shi ba sau da yawa, idan marubucin ba sana'a satirist. Media sarcasm sau da yawa la'akari da kansu kwazo fiye da wasu. Duk da haka, babu wani daga cikin satirist bai yi aiki ba don samun fitarwa soyayya. Ta kuma ta bayyanar da yaushe dogara ne a kan abin da na nufin na m magana amfani da kimantawa da rubutu. Sarcasm - a devastatingly makami ne mai iko.

Non-kafaffen wajen harshen ƙamus

Ba wani jawabin da yafi kowanne tunanin nuances, kuma magana taimako synonymous. Alal misali, za ka iya amfani da kalmar "tseren" maimakon "gudu" ga mafi ma'ana iko. Kuma ba kawai don ta:

• bayyanãwa da tunani da kuma canja wurin daga cikin mafi kyau inuwõwi na ma'anar;
• kimantawa da Dabarar rabo da hakkin mallaka.
• m karuwa a nasa;
• zurfin watsuwar da image.

Shi ne kuma mai kyau wajen magana ma da saɓanin ma'ana. Sun bayyana ra'ayin, wasa a kan saba, mafi cikakken faye hali daya, ko kuma wani sabon abu: m takarda ga sake amfani da ambaliyar ruwa da kuma na kwarai almarar - rafin. Daga saɓanin ma'ana da shi ya auku yadu bukaci yarda da haruffa - da antithesis.

Mutane da yawa marubuta, da kuma kawai lura-wits shirye wasa da kalmomi, ya zo daidai a cikin sauti, kuma ko da a rubuce, amma wanda da sauran ma'ana: mai tauri Guy kuma kwantar da tafasar ruwa da kuma m banki. gari da kuma flours. Uku Entries da uku tabo a hankali. Kuma da magana, da: Saurari bosses? Wannan shi ne da gaske, na gode ... da kuma kora. Yana homonyms, homographs, kuma homophones.

Kalmomi da suke da irin wannan a cikin haruffan da kuma sauti, amma suna da gaba daya daban-daban ma'ana, kuma, sukan yi amfani da matsayin puns, kuma da isasshen ma'ana ikon da deft amfani. Tarihi - ciwon iska. Maitre - millimeter, da dai sauransu

Ya kamata a lura cewa wadannan ba su ne manyan hanyar m magana, kamar yadda ma'ana, saɓanin ma'ana, kuma homonyms paronyms, hukuma da kuma kasuwanci style ba amfani.

kari

In ba haka ba - wani kari da cewa a shirye yake phraseology maganganu, ma, ya kara da magana ko marubuci balaga. Mythological hasashe, high ko magana da ma'ana kimantawa - tabbatacce ko korau (kananan soya da kuma apple da ido, lather wuyansa da takobi na Damocles) - duk da wannan Qarfafa da qawatawa vividly m rubutu. Gishiri da phraseology - musamman kungiyar - Jagora. Deepest tunani a cikin guntu version. Easy don tuna. Sau da yawa amfani, kazalika da sauran hanyar magana, a wani wallafe-wallafen da rubutu. Wannan na iya kuma sun hada da karin magana, kuma da faxin.