Zarostok fern kama abin? Abin da siffar aikata zarostok fern (photo)

Ferns gani kowane daya daga cikin mu. Wadannan herbaceous shuke-shuke da suke shiga ko'ina a cikin temperate zone. Kuma abin da irin wani zarostok fern? Amsar wannan tambaya za a iya samu a cikin labarin.

Janar halaye na sashen

Fern ne wakilan mafi girma spore shuke-shuke. Wannan shi ne na farko ƙasar shuke-shuke, wanda aka halin da wadannan siffofin:

• bayyanar da wadannan tsokoki da kuma gabobin.
• Grassy rayuwa hakkinSa.
• haifuwa ta hanyar sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, na sel - spores.
• canzawar ƙarnõni a cikin rayuwar sake zagayowar.

Daga zamani jinsunan, fãce ga ferns, wannan din kungiyar hada mosses, kulob din mosses da horsetails. Duk wadannan tsire-tsire ne jima'i da kuma asexual tsara shi ne hanya daban-daban na haifuwa da kuma morphological fasali. Saboda haka, fern sporophyte ne leafy shuka. Wannan asexual tsara. Amma gametophyte - zarostok fern, yana da matukar daban-daban siffar.

Features lifecycle

Asexual tsara shuka ferns kunshi tushen da kuma harbe. A surface, za mu iya ganin kawai fili ganye. Shi da kansa ya tsere mutates kuma tasowa a karkashin kasa. Shi ne ake kira mai rhizome. Outwardly, wannan tsarin zahiri kama wani boye sashin jiki. Amma rhizome ne tsere, saboda shi kunshi internodes, nodes da kuma koda.

A kan underside fern bar da ido tsirara za ka iya ganin wata kananan ruwan kasa bumps. Yana sporangia, a cikin abin da Kwayoyin suna kafa ta sake yiwuwar tohowarsu. Lokacin da cikakke, suka fada a cikin m gona. Akwai su girma, forming zarostok fern. Wannan tsarin yana da wani sosai daban-daban irin - lebur kore farantin. Girma prothallia sosai kananan - kawai 'yan millimeters. Saboda haka, bambanta su a lokacin farin ciki murfin da undergrowth shuke-shuke da wuya sosai.

Abin da irin fern ya zarostok

Duk da microscopic size, tsarin da aiki na mataki na shuka ci gaba ne hadaddun. A cikin photo prothallia fern iya gani sarai cewa shi ne gwamnatin dabam daga shuke-shuke asexual tsara. Advantageously, shi yana da zuciya-dimbin yawa form tare da wavy gefuna. A tsakiyar farantin ne m. A gefuna da thinner guda Layer, dan kadan translucent.

Zarostok fern yana da siffar zuciya-dimbin yawa farantin, kasan wanda aka kafa rhizoids m tufts. Daga wadannan tushen, wadannan Tsarin ya bambanta da in babu nama. Sun kunshi Kwayoyin wanda ake hada anatomically, amma kowanne daga cikin wadannan ayyuka dabam. Rhizoids yi da aiki na abin da aka makala ga substrate gametophyte.

Muhimmanci ga ci gaban da sporophyte ne abin da prothallia Kwayoyin dauke da chlorophyll. Wannan na samar da wani tsari na photosynthesis da kuma samuwar dole kwayoyin abubuwa ta samar da shuke-shuke sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, wanda yana da girma fiye da ban sha'awa.

gametophyte ci gaba

Fern spores ci gaba ne kawai a cikin m gona. Su rarraba da aka yi ta hanyar ruwa, iska, kwari da tsuntsaye. A sakamakon haka, da germination na spores kafa farantin. A ta giciye-bangaranci size of kawai kai 3 mm. Zarostok fern a haɗe zuwa ga ƙasa ta wajen rhizoids, wanda ya samar da kuma ƙarin ikon shuke-shuke.

A kan kasa gefe na wannan tsarin ana shirya al'aurar - gametangia. Wadannan Tsarin ma microscopic a size, wanda shi ne wuya ko su yi tunanin. Su na biyu iri. Maza suna kira antheridia. Su girma maniyyi. Wannan jam sel da cewa suna da flagella. Amma da motsi na maniyyi mai yiwuwa ne kawai a gaban ruwa. Saboda haka, a gaban danshi ne kafin domin aiwatar da hadi a duk spore shuke-shuke. Mace jima'i gabobin suna kira archegonium. Suna kafa ta ajali kwai.

Domin ferns halin da giciye-hadi. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa antheridium maturation da archegonia faru a daban-daban sau. Saboda haka, Fusion na gametes yakan auku tsakanin daban-daban harbe.

sporophyte

Na kwan da ya hadu tasowa asexual tsara shuka, wanda shi ne marinjãya a cikin rayuwar sake zagayowar na fern. Shi ne ake kira da sporophyte. Idan zarostok fern yana da nau'i na wani farantin, da asexual shi ne tsara wani herbaceous shuka. Yana yana da wani boye mafaka modified - rhizome. Saboda vegetative buds zubar kanta ganye ci gaba. Su na da nau'o'i biyu. Sun ganye suna kira fronds. Su spirally Twisted kuma suna inherently predpobegami. Balagagge fern bar hadaddun, sprawling.

Tsakanin jima'i da kuma asexual tsara fern akwai daya gagarumin bambanci. Zarostok fern yana rhizoids da sporophyte - adventitious asalinsu.

tsoho jinsunan

Modern fern shuke-shuke da isasshen bambancin da jinsunan. Daga cikin dukkan spore, wannan kungiya shi ne mafi yawa. Wannan shi ne saboda su more cikakken tsarin. A halin yanzu mataki, akwai fiye da 10,000 jinsunan.

Amma tsoho ferns da wani mabanbanta bayyanar. Its ganiya da suka isa musamman a cikin Carboniferous lokaci. Duk da yake itacen ferns isa har zuwa 40 mita tsawo. Yana da ban sha'awa ya, kuma da nisa daga asallanta. Yana da aka 2 mita.

Ana zargin wadannan shuke-shuke a duniya Dates baya ga Paleozoic zamanin. A cikin shakka daga juyin halitta, suna sauko daga farko ƙasar shuke-shuke - Rhyniophyta. Yana da aka miliyan 400 da suka wuce. Ancient ferns zama dadaddun saboda canjin yanayi. Su ne kafuwar mai muhimmanci da man fetur ma'adanai - kwal.

Saboda haka, a wannan labarin, za mu samu daga abin da irin wani fern zarostok - gametophyte. Yana mai lafiya microscopic farantin kore. Yana da wani jima'i tsara ferns. Zarostok raya dabam daga asexual tsara shuke-shuke iya photosynthesis, yana da rhizoids. Yana ci gaba da jima'i haifuwa gabobin a wadda gametes suna kafa. A sakamakon su fe da kuma kara ci gaba da na zygote kafa sporophyte fern da ciwon leafy tsarin.