Vasiliy Vasilevich Davydov - marubucin ka'idar raya ci gaban ilimi

Davydov Vasiliy Vasilevich (duba ƙasa photo.) - Rasha masanin kimiyya-psychologist da Academician. Mataimakin shugaban kasar da Tarayyar Soviet APN. Karĩmi ma'aikacin kimiyya. Author na da yawa ayyuka a ilimi tunani. Wannan labarin ne taƙaitaccen biography na masanin kimiyya. Bari mu fara.

Learning

Vasiliy Vasilevich Davydov aka haife shi a Moscow a 1930. A shekarar 1948 ya shiga cikin sashen ilimin halin dan Adam (Faculty of Falsafa) a MSU. Sa'an nan batun sanar da akwai PY Halperin. Bayan wani lokaci da malami da dalibi ya zama abokai. Davydov ya zama mabiyin goyon bayan ka'idarsa na sauka a hankali zargin shafi tunanin mutum da ayyuka.

aiki

Kusa da na karshe 'yan watanni na horo. Basil rayayye sadarwa tare da 'yan'uwanmu dalibai VI Korovikov, AA Zinoviev da EV Ilyenkov cewa sun zama troublemakers a Faculty of Falsafa. Saboda haka Davydov kuma sun bar aiki a cikin Moscow Jami'ar Jihar bayan digiri na biyu makaranta. AR Luria taimake Vasily samun da edita a cikin littafin na "Rahotanni daga Tarayyar Soviet APN."

Bayan wani lokaci, AA Smirnov ya gayyaci saurayin zuwa Cibiyar Psychology. Basil kuma yi aiki a can har ya kashe shi. Kusan lokaci guda, a nan gaba Academician gana da DB El'konin da kuma fara tare da su hadin gwiwa a daya daga cikin babban birnin kasar ta makarantu.

da samuwar da psyche

A farkon matakai na kerawa Vasiliy Vasilevich Davydov shawarar kada su yi amfani da Kalmar "ci gaba" a dangane da wani mutum. "Siffata" masana kimiyya ya yanke shawarar canza shi da ra'ayi. A zuciya na wannan lokaci ne da saye, ci gaba da kuma rinjãye mutum zamantakewa yanayi, wanda aka gani a takamaiman kayayyakin, batun aiki na baya tsara. A hankali aka kai tsaye sarrafawa da aiki motsi.

All matakai da ayyukan mutane, kazalika da ta hali, burinsu, bukatun, mutum aiki ne sakamakon da aiki kafa ta jama'a normative samfurori da wannan aiki. Davydov ce cewa hukumomin gwamnati a hanya daya ko wani shafi da samuwar mutum. Saboda haka, manufar "ci gaba" da aka ba da shafi mutum da kuma al'umma baki daya. Kuma fitowan da batun na psyche - An riga an kafa.

A sabon ra'ayi

A shekarar 1978 Vasiliy Vasilevich Davydov tare da AK Markova rubuta wata kasida game da shafi tunanin mutum da ci gaban matsaloli. A wannan aikin, za ka iya lura da wani motsi a cikin aikin na masanin kimiyya. Gaskiyar cewa Davidov yanke shawarar zuwa wani ra'ayi. A labarin ne kusan babu ambaci sunan Halperin. Amma da sosai mas'ala ta "ci gaba" a dangane da wani mutum da ke zama ba ana maye gurbinsu "samuwar". A karshen, masanin kimiyya sanya da kansa darajar.

A labarin da Vasily dauke "samuwar" a matsayin wani nau'i na shafi tunanin mutum da ci gaba. Duk da haka, ya ba gane biyu Concepts. A cewar masana harkokin kimiyya, da cin - shi ne halitta ingantaccen motsa a cikin tsari da kuma matakin da ayyuka na mutum, wanda shi ne jama'a a yanayi. Bugu da kari ga ka'idar, a cikin labarin akwai empirical data da wanda za ka iya waƙa da hanyar tunanin kamar makarantar firamare yara da kuma matasa.

Educational shirin

By ƙarshen 1970s Vasiliy Vasilevich Davydov hankali maye gurbinsu da ka'idar POB Halperin a kan al'adu-tarihi ra'ayi LS Vygotsky. Amma duk da haka janar m Outlook na masanin kimiyya sun canza, ta babban manufar bai canza ba. Bisa ga ka'idar Vygotsky, Vasily ɓullo da wani sabon ilimi shirin. Kuma ina taimake shi a cikin wannan DB El'konin. A zuciya na manufar sa uku Concepts - gani, msar tambayar tunani da kuma koyon ayyukan. Kuma duk sun nasaba,. A mafi wuya lokacin a cikin ci gaban da ka'idar da aka dama ma'auni na msar tambayar da empirical tunani, wanda ake amfani da su a cikin tsarin ilmantarwa.

"A ka'idar raya ci gaban ilimi"

Wannan littafin Academician Davydov Vasiliy Vasilevich saki a 1996. Akwai, ya yi magana a daki-daki, game da yaro cin ka'idar. Kuma bai yi haka ba tare da mafi girman matsayi na matsalar - batun ilimi. Bisa ga masanin kimiyya, da mutum - shi ne batun da ayyuka, wanda ya fitar da wani sabon ruhaniya ko kayan samfurin. Amma aiwatar da samun da samfurin ne wani aiki na kerawa. A karkashin wannan ra'ayi, Academician san hakikanin canji na kai, da al'adu, da kuma yarda da zahirin gaskiya. Amma sakamakon wannan aiki ne kai tsaye dogara a kan ilimi karfin mutum.

Vasiliy Vasilevich Davydov, wanda biography da aka sani ga duk masoya na ilimi tunani, imani da cewa wani mutum ne tsakiya batu na m aiki, amma ba daya kawai. The masanin kimiyya shigar da yiwuwar kasancewar irin wannan lokaci kamar yadda na gama mutum. Idan muka yi la'akari da mutum a matsayin batu na m aiki, to, zai iya zama, ba dukan mutane, amma waɗanda suka yi samu gagarumin sakamako na kamfanin.

al'adunmu

Davydov Vasiliy Vasilevich, a takaice biography abin da aka bayyana a sama, ya mutu a 1998. A tsawon rayuwar masanin kimiyya sadaukar canza da ka'idodin makaranta. Hakika, da msar tambayar ra'ayoyi Davydova lokaci zuwa lokaci canza, amma janar ra'ayin da ya ko da yaushe ya kasance guda. Ya halitta tare da haɗin gwiwar DB El'konin ka'idar raya ci gaban ilimi ya zuwa yanzu an yi amfani da nasarar da yawa Rasha makarantu. Kuma shi irrefutably ya tabbatar da ingancinta da kuma viability.