Lev Vygotsky: biography, photo, kuma kerawa

Fice masanin kimiyya Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich, manyan ayyukan da suke kunshe a cikin zinariya asusu na duniya na tunani, da yawa zuwa cikin gajeren rayuwa. Ya aza tushe na mutane da yawa daga m trends a pedagogy da tunani, wasu daga cikin ra'ayoyin su har yanzu jiran ci gaba. Psychologist Lev Vygotsky mallakar galaxy na fice Rasha masana kimiyya, wanda hadawa erudition, m rhetorical basira da zurfin ilimin kimiyya.

Family da kuma ƙananan yara,

Lev Vygotsky, wanda biography aka fara a wani m Yahudawa iyali a garin Orsha, an haife ni a Nuwamba 17, 1896. Sunansa a haihuwa ya Vygotsky, ya canza fara a shekarar 1923. Sunan Ubansa, Simcha, amma a Rasha iri kira iri. Iyaye Leo masu ilimi da kuma arziki mutane. Mahaifiyata yi aiki a matsayin malami, mahaifinsa kuwa m. The iyali na Leo ne karo na biyu da 'ya'ya takwas.

A 1897, wani m tafi zuwa Gomel, inda mahaifinsa ya zama mataimakin banki sarrafa. Lion ta yarantaka ya quite lafiya, mahaifiyata duk lokacin da kishin yara. A gidan ma yara girma wana Vygodsky-musamman wa Dawuda, wanda yake da karfi da tasiri a Lev. House profitably wani cibiyar al'adu inda gida kawo dukkan taru, aka tattauna al'ada labarai da events a duniya. Mahaifina ya kafa na farko jama'a library a cikin birni, yara daga yara saba karanta kyau littattafai. Daga bisani, da iyali zo daga 'yan fice philologists, da kuma na rarrabe shi daga dan uwan, wakilin Rasha takalidai, Leo da kuma canja wasika a cikin sunan.

koyo

Ga yara, da iyali da aka kira su zuwa ga wani riba da masu zaman kansu malami Solomon Markovich Ashpiz, a san shi da m koyarwa Hanyar dangane "tattaunawa" Socrates. Bugu da kari, ya gudanar da m ra'ayin siyasa, da kuma wani memba na jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party.

Leo aka kafa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da malami, kazalika, ɗan'uwan Dawuda. Daga yara yana sha'awar adabi da falsafa. Ya fi so Falsafa Benedict Spinoza fara, kuma wannan sha'awa, masanin kimiyya za'ayi ta hanyar ransa. Lev Vygotsky karatu a gida, amma daga baya nasarar wuce waje jarrabawa na biyar aji na motsa jiki a kuma tafi da 6th sa Yahudawa boys 'makaranta, inda ya samu ya sakandare ilimi. Leo yi karatu da kyau, amma ya ci gaba da samun zaman kansa darussa a Latin, Girkanci, da Ibraniyanci da kuma Turanci a gida.

A 1913, ya samu nasarar yin tsayayya da ƙofar jarrabawa ga Moscow University Faculty of Medicine. Amma ya jimawa fassara a cikin dokar. A 1916, ya rubuta wani yawa na sake dubawa na littattafai da zamani marubuta, articles a kan al'adu da tarihi, tunani a kan "Yahudawa" batun. A 1917 ya nemi ya bar doka, kuma aka fassara a cikin tarihi-philological baiwa na University su. Shanyavsky, wanda ya sauke karatu a shekarar daga baya.

pedagogy

Bayan kammala karatu daga jami'a, Lev Vygotsky aka fuskanci matsalar aikin yi. Ya kasance tare da mahaifiyarsa da kuma kaninsa farko tafi Samara ga wani wuri, sa'an nan zuwa Kiev, amma a shekarar 1918 ya koma Gomel. Inda shi haɗu da gina wani sabon makaranta, inda ya fara koya masa wana David. Daga 1919 zuwa 1923 ya yi aiki a dama makarantu a Gomel, kuma kujeru da Board of Education. Wannan koyarwa da kwarewa shi ne dalilin da ya farkon bincike a kan hanyoyin da tasiri a kan ƙaramin tsara.

Ya halitta shiga m ga cewa lokaci pedological shugabanci, wanda yake kawo tare tunani da kuma pedagogy. Vygotsky halitta wani gwaji dakin gwaje-gwaje a cikin Gomel kwaleji, wanda ya kafa ilimi tunani. Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich aiki magana a taro da kuma zama a bayyane ga masana kimiyya a wani sabon filin. Bayan mutuwar masanin kimiyya aiki a kan matsaloli na samuwar basira da horon yara, su za a hada a cikin wani littafi mai taken "Educational tunani". Za a yi wani tarin articles game da kula, ado da ilimi, siffofin karatu yaro tunani kuma malamin hali.

Da farko Matakai a Science

Duk da yake karatu a Jami'ar, Lev Vygotsky ne sha'awar wallafe-wallafen zargi, da wallafa da dama ayyuka a poetics. Aikinsa a kan bincike na "alƙarya" da William Shakespeare ya da wani sabon kalma a wallafe-wallafen analysis. Duk da haka, tsanaki kimiyya aikin Vygotsky fara tafiyar da wani Sphere - a yankunan na ilimi da kuma tunani. Aikinsa ya jagoranci gwaji dakin gwaje-gwaje, wanda ya zama wani sabon kalma a pedology. Ko sa'an nan, Vygotsky dauki shafi tunanin mutum da tafiyar matakai da kuma al'amurran da suka shafi na ilimin halin dan Adam na da tasiri a kan malami ta ayyukan. Ayyukansa aka gabatar a dama kimiyya taro, shi ne mai haske da kuma musamman, sa shi yiwuwa ya zama psychologist Vygotsky.

Hanya a Psychology

A farko ayyukan Vygotsky alaka da matsaloli na ilimi da mahaukaci yara, wadannan karatu ba kawai aza harsashin ginin don kafa Defectology, amma kuma zama mai tsanani taimako ga nazarin mafi girma shafi tunanin mutum da ayyuka da hankulansu alamu. A shekarar 1923, a Congress a kan psychoneurology auku banrazana gamuwa da wani fitaccen psychologist AR Luria. Ya aka zahiri nasara da rahoton Vygotsky da qaddamar da tafi Lev Semenovich a Moscow. A 1924 Vygotsky aka kira su zuwa ga yin aiki a Moscow Cibiyar Psychology. Haka abin ya fara haske, amma gajeren lokaci na rayuwarsa.

kimiyya moriyar kasance sosai bambance bambancen. Ya aikata da matsaloli dacewa a lokacin da Reflexology, ya sanya wani gagarumin taimako ga binciken na mafi girma shafi tunanin mutum da ayyuka, kuma kada ka manta game da farkon so - game da pedagogy. Ko bayan mutuwar masanin kimiyyar zai zama wani littafin da hadawa da shekaru masu yawa na gudanar da bincike, - "Psychology na cigaban dan Adam." Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich wani hanya na tunani, kuma a cikin wannan littafin yana dauke da tunani a kan muhimman hakkokin hanyoyin da tunani da kuma bincikowa. Musamman muhimmanci ne sashe a kan m rikicin, da m amfani 6 laccoci na kimiyya, da masana a cikin abin da ya yi kawaici a kan babban al'amurran da suka shafi na janar tunani. Vygotsky bai sarrafa to warai bayyana da ra'ayoyi, amma ya zama da kafa wani yawan trends a kimiyya.

Al'adu-tarihi ka'idar

A wuri na musamman a cikin m manufar Vygotsky daukan al'adu-tarihi ka'idar da psyche. Ya a 1928 da ke sa a m sanarwa a lokacin da zamantakewa yanayi ne babban tushen sirri ci gaba. Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich, wanda aiki a kan pedology daban-daban musamman m, da gaskiya da imani da cewa yaro ya wuce ta matakai na samuwar da psyche, ba kawai a sakamakon nazarin halittu shirye-shirye, amma kuma a aiwatar da ci gaban da "m kayan aikin": al'adu, harshe, asusun tsarin. Sani tasowa ha] in gwiwar da kuma sadarwa, don haka da cewa rawar da al'adu a siffata ainihi ba za a iya overemphasized. Mutumin, a cewar wani psychologist, wani cikakken zaman jama'a, da kuma a waje jama'a, da dama shafi tunanin mutum da ayyuka ba za a iya kafa.

"Psychology of Art"

Wani muhimmin, sunã mãsu jũyãwa da littafin, wanda ya zama sananne Vygotskiy Lev, - "Psychology of Art". A cikin hasken da shi zo bayan shekaru da dama da marubucin mutuwa, har ma sai ya yi wata babbar alama a kan kimiyya duniya. Its tasiri dandana masu bincike daga daban-daban filayen: Psychology, harsuna, ethnology, art tarihi, ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a. Babban ra'ayin Vygotsky ya cewa art ne wani muhimmin yanki na ci gaba da yawa shafi tunanin mutum da ayyuka, da kuma ta asalin shi ne saboda da na halitta Hakika juyin halittar mutum. Art ne mai muhimmanci factor ga rayuwa da mutum yawan, shi aikin da dama da muhimmanci ayyuka a cikin al'umma da kuma rayuwa na mutane.

"Tunani da kuma Jawabin"

Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich, wanda littattafai ne har yanzu Popular a duniya, ya ba da lokaci zuwa buga wa babbar aiki. A littafin "Tunani da kuma Jawabin" ya kasance mai real juyin juya halin a tunani na zamaninsa. A da shi da masanin kimiyya ya iya yin da yawa daga cikin ra'ayoyin da cewa da yawa daga baya aka tsara da kuma ci gaba a fahimi kimiyya, psycholinguistics, zamantakewa tunani. Vygotsky gwaje tabbatar da cewa tunanin mutum ne kafa da kuma ci gaba ne kawai a jawabin aiki. A daidai wannan harshe da kuma mu ma a wajen haramta motsa shafi tunanin mutum aiki. Ya samu stadial hali samuwar tunani da kuma gabatar da manufar "rikicin", wanda yanzu amfani da ko'ina.

Scientist ta bayar da gudunmawar kimiyya

Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich, wanda littattafai yanzu da ake bukata karanta ga kowane psychologist, domin sosai short rayuwa a cikin kimiyya ya iya yin wani babba taimako ga ci gaban da dama kimiyyar. Aikinsa ya zama, a cikin wasu karatu, da samar da kuzari ga samuwar psychoneurology, psycholinguistics, fahimi tunani. Its al'adu da tarihi da manufar da hankali ne kafuwar dukan kimiyya makaranta na tunani da cewa mafi rayayye fara samar a cikin 21st karni.

Ba shi yiwuwa a downplay da taimako na Vygotsky, ci gaban gida defectology, da kuma ilimi tunani. Mutane da yawa daga cikin ayyukansa a yau kawai za su samu gaskiya kimantawa da kuma ci gaba a cikin tarihi na Rasha tunani ne yanzu a wuri na girmamawa daukan wani sunan kamar yadda Lev Vygotsky. Books masanin kimiyyar yau da kullum Aka sake buga shi, da aka buga ta zayyana da kuma almara, da bincike na wanda ya nuna yadda iko da kuma asali sun ra'ayoyin da tsare-tsaren.

Vygotsky almajiran ne girman kai na kasa Psychology, kuma fruitfully tasowa nasa ra'ayi. A shekara ta 2002 ya wallafa wani littafi na masanin kimiyya "Psychology", wanda aka garwaya tẽku ta asali bincike a cikin na asali rassan kimiyya, kamar general, zamantakewa, asibiti, Psychology, kuma raya ci gaban tunani. Yau, da wannan tutorial ne tushe ga duk kasar jami'o'i.

Personal rai

Kamar kowane masanin kimiyya, Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich, Psychology ga wanda ya zama wani al'amari na rayuwa, mafi yawansu ya lokaci ya ba da aiki. Amma a Gomel ya bayyana shiryayye amarya da daga baya matar - Rose Noevna Smekhova. The biyu rayu a takaice rayuwa tare - kawai shekaru 10 da haihuwa, amma shi ya kasance mai farin ciki aure. The biyu 'ya'ya mata biyu: da gita da Asya. Duka ya zama masana kimiyya, gita Lvovna - a psychologist da ilimin, Asya L. - halitta. Ci gaba m daular malamin kuma jikanyar - Elena Evgenevna Kravtsova, wanda a yanzu shine shugaban Cibiyar Psychology mai suna bayan kaka.

Ƙarshen Road

Back a cikin farkon 1920s Lev Vygotsky kamu da tarin fuka. Ya zama dalilin mutuwar a 1934. Scientist har karshen kwanaki kuma ci gaba da aiki a ranar ƙarshe ransa ya ce: "a shirye nake." A karshe shekaru na rayuwar wata psychologist aka wuya lafiya Grid girgije a kusa da aiki. Game danniya da zalunci, don haka mutuwa a yarda da shi kauce wa kama, da kuma ya kiyaye da iyalinsa daga harin ramuwar gayya.