Triniti Cathedral of Alexander Nevsky Lavra: description, tarihi da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Don kudu-maso-gabas na tsakiya na St. Petersburg, a kusa da bankuna na Neva ne Dome majestic Triniti Mai Tsarki Cathedral, an gine-gine cibiyar da ado na Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Masa daraja shaci na saba da kusa kowa da kowa Petersburgers. Sun zama hallmark na birnin, kamar jirgin a kan spire na Admiralty da kuma "tãyar da Rasha domin Buck," The Bronze hau doki.

Sufi, haife umurnin Petra Velikogo

Tarihi ya nuna cewa a 1710, tun kasance a mahaɗar tsakãninsu da Neva River a Black River - kamar yadda a cikin tsohon kwana da aka kira na yanzu kogin Monastyrka - sarki Bitrus I yi umurni da gina wani sufi sadaukar da St. Alexander Nevsky. Ya so ya ba yanzu-yanzu whim. Waɗannan su ne shekarun da yaki da Sweden, da kuma taimako majiɓinci, saint, da karin kwarewa da suka yi ya fasa da Swedes, da aka bukata. A zabi na wurare domin gina sufi da aka sakamakon da aka kowa a cikin waɗannan kwanaki da kuskure imani cewa yana da a wannan lokaci, Prince Alexander ya lashe nasara.

Tare da "duk girman kai maƙwabcinsa" babban birni, Sarki Peter sa gininsa a grand sikelin. mai kau da shirin da aka ɓullo da, a karkashin abin da titunan gari ya miƙa a wani m lissafi domin. Domin gina gwamnati gine-gine, a ɗakin da kuma manyan gidãje daga cikin manya gayyace mafi kyau waje gine-ginen. Labor dubban serfs, fitina daga duk kan Rasha, daga Finnish swamps swamps tashi Venice na Arewa.

A tsakiyar aiki, lokacin da ya gina wani gagarumin cikin sansanin soja da kuma wani sabon gina Admiralty masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa saukar da farko jiragen ruwa na Rasha jiragen ruwa a kan ruwa, da Sarkin sarakuna halarci wajibcin samar da wani m cibiyar. Ya so da tsar Peter to gaskiya sufaye nesa da birnin amo kullum addu'a ga saukar da albarkar Allah ga dukan ayyukansa. Bugu da kari, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, shi ne a tsakiyar wani yaƙi da Swedes, da memory na saint, da zarar ɗibge su, ya wahayi zuwa gare yau warriors.

Shirye-shirye domin gina sufi

A sabon sufi sarki da kaina kasaftawa a hefty yanki na ƙasar a kan bankunan na Neva, ban da shi da aka dangana ga sararin a ƙasar Olonets yankin. Aiki a kan aikin na gine-gine da aka za'ayi bayan shekaru biyu ta Italian m na Swiss asalin Domenico Trezzini.

Project D.Trezini

Yana da aka asali shirya cewa hadaddun na zuhudu gine-gine, symmetrically shimfiɗa ta a kan dukan sarari da majalisa ta zauna don shi a kan bankunan na Neva, ya kamata ya zama wani matakin tsaro gininsa a kan kudu-maso-gabas da babban birnin kasar na matasa, don haka aka gina a kan dukan dokokin da USAID.

Connect sufi da St. Petersburg shirya deben hanya ta cikin gandun daji kurmi, mai suna a cikin shirin kamar yadda "Neva pershpektiva" - nan gaba na birnin na main thoroughfare Nevsky Prospekt.

Gine-gine cibiyar da ake gina sufi da aka kamata ya zama a haikalin, wani wuri wanda shi ya bayyana a cikin shirin da Trezzini, kuma daga wanda ya sa ran fara rufi Nevsky Prospekt. Samar da wani shiri sanya wa haikali kwanan zo daga Jamus, da matasa, amma riga lashe shahara m T. Schwertfeger, mabiyin goyon bayan nan gaye Jamus Baroque style.

Better luck gaba lokaci

Wannan na farko, ba suke dashi Triniti Cathedral of Alexander Nevsky Lavra wani babban gini, ado da biyu kararrawa hasumiyoyin da spiers a kan fi. A 1719 ya fara da hadaddun shiri aiki. Gininsu, wanda ya dauki tsawon shekaru goma sha daya, da aka kammala a 1733, amma shi nan da nan ya bayyana cewa tsanani kuskure aka yi a shiryawa.

A musamman, shi ya ba isasshe karfafa da ƙasa a kan abin da gina harsashin. A sakamakon haka, akwai wani bambanci shiri na mutum sassa na babban coci, wanda shi ne dalilin da fasa a vaults. Kafa a 1744, Hukumar zo ga ƙarshe cewa Hatsarin na rushewar ginin da kuma rashin yiwuwar da amfani.

Complete dismantling na coci fara a 1753 da kuma kerarre karkashin jagorancin Jihar Councillor Ivan Jakovljevic Rossi, takwara daga cikin shahararrun Carlo Rossi, ya dauki shekaru biyu. Bayan na farko Triniti Mai Tsarki Cathedral na Alexander Nevsky Lavra a St. Petersburg, da aka gaba daya dismantled, sai ya ciyar shekaru shida ne kawai kashi na ba a kare ba dagagge a lokacin da sufi hadaddun.

Highest domin Catherine II

Wani sabon mataki na gina Haikali nasa ne da mulkin Empress Catherine II, umurnin wanda a 1763 aka kafa ta gasar na Cathedral of ayyukan. Yana da aka samu halartar mafi taken gine-ginen da cewa lokaci, kamar Yu. M. Felten, AF Kokorin, JJu Wiest, S. A. Volkov da sauransu. Babu wani daga cikin gabatar aikin bai karbi mafi amincewa da gina aikin da aka jingine ga wani shekara goma sha ɗaya.

Kawai a cikin 1774, a lokacin da kara jinkiri sun yiwu - sufi da aka gina, da kuma tsakiyar haikali akwai - Catherine II umurce su da su koya wa aikin samar da wani Rasha m Ivanu Egorovichu Starovu. Aiki a kan fasaha da takardun dauki shekaru biyu, da kuma a 1776, bayan da mafi yabo na aikin, marubucin da aka neme yi management. Empress da kaina ba a bukukuwan kwanciya daga cikin babban coci. Nan da nan bayan bikin, mai albarka ne, muka fara aiki.

Gamawa da keɓewarsa ta na cikin Haikali

A cikin shekaru hudu, ya tashi zuwa sararin sama biyu gadon kwana na jirgin ƙasa kararrawa hasumiya. A daya daga cikinsu, da kudu, yayin da chimes aka shigar, da kuma a kan wasu, arewacin, ya tashe trinadtsatitonny Bell, wanda ya fara a cikin Yaren Kasar sufi da simintin a 1658. By 1786, da gine-gine da aka kammala a general, kuma a cikin shekaru hudu da shi ya dauka a gudanar da ciki ado da kuma ba da damar lokaci domin ginin hazo, ya keɓe babban coci.

Yana da ya faru tare da m solemnity a gaban mafi Catherine Mai girma. A daidai wannan lokaci daga nan kusa Church na Gaske Shelar ta incessant gun gaisuwa cikin Triniti Cathedral na Alexander Nevsky sufi da aka canjawa wuri da za a adana a can har lokacin, da na azurfa shrine a wadda reposed mai tsarki kaya daga Aleksandra Nevskogo.

Haikali - wani haraji ga heroes

Daga lokacin da na ginin daga cikin Triniti Cathedral na Alexander Nevsky Lavra a St. Petersburg nasa ne da category da ake kira Kapitulna, wato, da Order ta majami'u. A wannan yanayin da muke magana ne game da Order of St. Aleksandra Nevskogo. Da farko kishin da iyaka ya aka sanya karkashin kudu hasumiya, amma a 1838 da aka soke.

A matsayin wata alama na musamman girmamawa ga duk bayar da wannan lambar yabo a gare su a cikin wani na musamman dakin adjoining babban coci Fedorov jiki da aka gano a cikin 1791, da kuma daga baya a ƙofar Haikali akwai da taimako na Order na image.

A farkon zamanin total basu yarda

Tun da farkon Bolshevik mulki Triniti Cathedral na Alexander Nevsky sufi ba su kubuta aiwatar da duniya expropriation na dukiya na zuwa coci. Duk da cewa, bisa ga sabuwar hukuma, shi ne na darajar, shi da aka sanya daga gare ta, da kuma ginin da aka mika a shekara Renovators kanta - wakilan bayyana bayan da Fabrairu juyin juya halin secessionist motsi daga cikin limaman Kirista wanda ya yi magana domin "sabuntawa na Church" da kuma kokarin zo sharuddan da Bolsheviks.

Daga 1928 zuwa 1933 Triniti Mai Tsarki Cathedral na Alexander Nevsky sufi mallakar wani reshe na daban na malamai, suka tafi a tarihi a matsayin "nepominayuschie". Wannan rukuni na firistoci ki yin sulhu akai tare da Soviet hukumomi da kuma a kan su bauta a cikin addu'a don tunawa da Lardi Sergius (Stargorodsky), ya yi aiki a hankali tare da ita. A lokacin da shi da jũna kamar qananan sabawa daga coci na Yarjejeniya za a iya daukarsa da hukumomi a matsayin siyasa mataki, da kuma yanke shawara a kan shi, bukata a gaskiya ƙarfin hali.

Haikali a cikin shekaru na totalitarian gwamnatin

Amma a shekara ta 1933 da Triniti Cathedral na Alexander Nevsky sufi, wanda tarihi ne sun fi mayar da baƙi da tarihi na mafi yawan Ibada da kuma gidajen lama na lokacin, aka rufe. A karshe sabis da aka gudanar a can a kan Disamba 7. A babban coci gini da aka gane a matsayin fitacciyar coci gine-gine, halshen a farfaganda cibiyar. A cikin m lokaci a kan gabatarwa na babban coci housed da District Housing Authority, wani sito da kuma gidan kayan gargajiya. Yana da aka soke da kuma Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Triniti Cathedral aka koma zuwa ga Orthodox kowa mutane a shekarar 1957, amma kawai a kan hakkin na Ikklesiya coci da kuma tare da proviso cewa al'umma za, a kansa kudi yin duk dole aiki a kan ta gyara da kuma sabuntawa. Abin farin, a tsawon shekaru tun bayan da ƙulli, shi da aka ba a hallaka marmara iconostasis Pinketi 'yan'uwanka, wanda ƙwarai kara na maido da Haikali. A shekara daga baya, a lokacin da kammala matakin farko na gyare-gyare, da coci karshe an tsarkake.

Tarurrukan laurels

The sosai guda Triniti Mai Tsarki Alexander Nevsky Lavra da aka farfado kamar yadda wani sufi har 1989. Sa'an nan kuma muka soma da yi oda da kuma gano mutane, wanda ya dauki shi zuwa ga babban administrative posts, kamar da tattalin arziki, da yankunan karkara shugaban makaranta, da sacristan, confessor, da sauransu. A daidai wannan lokaci da al'umma da aka soke, a lura da dukan al'amuran da Triniti Mai Tsarki Cathedral na Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Wannan shi ne saboda asarar da matsayi na mai zaman kanta Ikklesiya coci. A karshe, duk da gine-gine da aka hada a baya a cikin sufi hadaddun aka koma zuwa ga sufi a 2000.

Haikali - da ado na gine-gine

Yau, St. Petersburg Alexander Nevsky sufi ne daya daga cikin babban tarihi Monuments na birnin, an gine-gine cibiyar wanda aka dauke su Triniti Mai Tsarki Cathedral. Wannan babban Dome yi, wanda aka yi wa ado da biyu monumental kararrawa hasumiya, dauke daya daga cikin Masterpieces na farkon classicism. Tu ta uku iko pylon, raba duk sararin samaniya da kuma ba shi da wani cruciform siffar, tana goyon bayan da baka na ginin. Loggia main ƙofar firam portico na shida Doric ginshikan.

Kafin juyin juya halin a babban coci ne zane-zane da bayar da ta Empress Catherine II, kuma baya kwace ta Bolsheviks. Daga cikinsu akwai ayyukan da yawa mai girma Masters na baya. Amma ko da a yau, da Triniti Cathedral na Alexander Nevsky sufi, wanda hadisai nema a mayar da XVIII karni, aka yi wa ado da aiki na furuci Masters na zane-zane. Yana ta tsira a kan almara sanya Kvarengi fentin domes da vaults. A kan ta Kudu da kuma arewa ƙofar located reliefs depicting al'amuran da Tsoho da Sabon Alkawari, da ayyukan da fice a Rasha sculptor F. Shubin. Kulawa ta musamman kuma cancanci fentin sarauta ƙõfõfi, sanya ta shahara artists I. A. Akimovym kuma J. Mettenleyterom.

Wadannan zane-zane Masters kuma sculptural ado na ciki haikali gabatarwa cikakken ci gaba da m line fara da I. E. Starov. Triniti Cathedral na Alexander Nevsky sufi, duk da dukan da asarar jawo wa kansu da su a tsawon shekaru a total tawaye, shine mafi girman misali na gargajiya Rasha art XVIII da XIX ƙarni.