Toll hanya Moscow - St. Petersburg. hanya M11

A hanya Moscow - St. Petersburg ya dade babban abu, amma a lokaci guda quite cunkoson zirga-zirga jijiya na ƙasar. Fiye da shekara guda Mamallaki maza duka da kawunansu a warware batun na wuce kima vehicular kwarara tsakanin biyu dajiya da Rasha. A sabon kudin fito hanya Moscow - St. Petersburg ne gaba daya ya kawar da matsalar. Oh, mu tattauna a kasa aiwatar da aiwatar da wannan shirin m.

M10 karauka matsaloli

Tsakanin biyu daga cikin manyan birane Rasha ya dade aza kashin hanya Moscow - St. Petersburg (M10). Wannan hanya na da dogon tarihi, amma, da rashin alheri, shi ba zai iya jimre da zirga-zirga da kwarara, wanda shi ya wuce. Too m motsi a cikin wannan shugabanci. Bugu da kari, na dogon lokaci da wanzuwar karauka a kan ta hanyar girma da yawa garuruwa, da kauyuka, garuruwa, wanda muhimmanci rage da damar da hanya, kamar yadda a cikin kwaminonin bisa ga norms na zirga-zirga da dokokinta ake bukata don rage gudun motocin.

Bugu da kari, da yanayin hanya St. Petersburg - Moscow saboda shekaru masu yawa na ta aikin na bukatar m gyare-gyare. Wannan ƙwarai dagula motsi na da manyan zirga-zirga gudana.

Duk wadannan abubuwan da taimako zuwa ga gaskiya cewa hanya Moscow - St. Petersburg da aka dora, shi ne sosai high hadarin kudi, kazalika a wurare da dama sau da yawa faruwa ababen hawa da kuma cunkoso.

Hanyoyi don magance matsalar

Don warware matsalolin halin yanzu a kasar ta jagoranci fara tunani na dogon lokaci. A gaskiya, daga halin da ake ciki, akwai biyu.

A farko daga gare su sa rarrabe. Yana kunshi manyan maimaitawa na data kasance hanya M10 da kuma ta fadada ta hanyar ƙara ƙarin hanyoyi.

Zabi na biyu da aka saka da yafi m. Ya nuna da gina wani sabon gaba daya hanya, wanda ya zuwa ƙwarai canja tsohuwar hanya M10, game da shi, rage yawa na zirga-zirga a kan shi motocin zuwa wani m matakin.

Hakika, na biyu hanyar warware matsalar ne yafi tsada, amma shi ya yale mu mu magance ta matuƙa, kuma ba kawai don adana wani lokaci.

Wannan shi ne yadda da ra'ayin na gina M11: Moscow - St. Petersburg.

Gabancin hanya aikin

Domin da farko lokacin da ra'ayin wani sabon hanya tsakanin manyan Metropolitan yankunan kasar sa a gaba da shugaban kasar na Rasha Federation V. V. Putin a shekarar 2005. A daidai wannan lokaci, an yanke shawarar da ma'aikatar sufurin don fara gina M11: Moscow - St. Petersburg.

Dace shiryawa takardun da ake bukata zuba jari domin gina guda line mãkirci aka shirya a watan Janairu na gaba shekara. Amma kawai a 2008 da aka za'ayi a tanda don zaɓi wani dan kwangila domin gina wannan sashi. Yana bayyana ga zama "Arewa-Maso-Yamma amincewa Company".

A wannan lokaci, na shirya zan shirya gina dukan hanya. The kudin da aka kiyasta ayyukan a lokacin da aka 350 biliyan rubles, kuma suka shirya za a kammala a full ta 2012.

kuɗin fito gwadabe

Hakika, bayan gina wani sabon hanya, mafi masu motoci da suka tafi kafin a kan tsohon hanya, muka yanke shawarar komawa a kan wani sabon da kuma more zamani - M11. Saboda haka, to yanzu wannan hanya za a iya dora, da kuma matsalar ba za a iya warware. Saboda haka, wajibi ne don ƙirƙirar yanayi don haka da cewa da ya kwarara daga motocin da aka ba da cikakken canjawa wuri zuwa ga sabon hanya, amma kawai partially, game da shi ya ɗauke da haihuwa karauka.

Saboda haka, aka yanke shawarar cewa wani sabon shakka dole ne a biya. Road Moscow - St. Petersburg - a wajen tsada kamfani, don haka da kudi ne da za a tattara daga direbobi ga kudin tafiya, za a yi amfani da nan gaba concessionaires ya rufe su yanzu halin kaka na yi.

Na yau da kullum kudin tafiya Averages daga 2 zuwa 2.5 goga. da kilometer. A sassa daban daban na hanya farashin zai zama daban-daban. Bugu da kari, cikin kudi zai dogara ne a kan irin abin hawa, lokaci na rana, mita da yin amfani da karauka Moscow - St. Petersburg. Jimlar kudin na tafiya a daya shugabanci, a request na daya daga cikin jami'an, za Range daga 1,100 zuwa 1,200 rubles. Duk da haka, karshe farashin motsi a ko'ina cikin layi ya ba tukuna sanar.

Fasaha halaye na hanya

Distance Moscow - St Petersburg ne 634 kilomita. Domin halitta dalilai, shi ba zai iya zama daidai a mike. Saboda haka, an gina kuɗin fito hanya Moscow - St. Petersburg za a tsawon na 684 km. Yana ba sosai. Don kwatanta, da nesa Moscow - St. Petersburg a kan data kasance babbar hanya M10 kai 706 km.

Da nisa daga daya rariya hanya zirga-zirga za 3.5 m, da kuma yawan tube kansu bambanta daga hudu zuwa goma. A irin wannan hanya na iya ci gaba hadari gudu zuwa 150 km / h.

hanya surfacing irin - kwalta.

Cikin dukanin hanya shi ne ya shirya yi na wurare domin tara ruwan sama, kazalika da gyara shimfidar wuri dab da tsatso yankin.

babbar hanyar mota hanya

Kamar M10 hanya, da kuɗin fito hanya Moscow - St. Petersburg za a dage farawa a kan ƙasa na Novgorod, Tver, Moscow da kuma Birnin Leningrad yankuna. A cikin Moscow yankin na ta tsawon shi ne 90 km, Tverskaya Street - 253 km, Novgorod - 233 km kuma Leningrad - 75 kilomita. Bugu da kari, cikin hanya da babbar hanya zai bi yankin ƙasar daga St. Petersburg da kuma Moscow (daidai da 32 da kuma 19 km).

Masomin za a yi la'akari da karauka Businovskaya sufuri a birnin Moscow, kuma ba shakka - birnin St. Petersburg.

A yi tsari

A 2010, 'yan kwangila sun fara shiryar da gina hanya. Mun fara aiki tare da wata alamar karauka Moscow - St. Petersburg, km 15. Wannan kashi ya haura zuwa 58 km.

Amma saboda muhalli zanga-zanga, da aikin da za a yi watsi. Suka koma kawai a cikin kaka na shekarar 2011, wanda aka muhimmanci canja da lokaci na aiki.

Tun wannan lokacin, kamfanin da aka rayayye aiki a duk yankuna na gaba hanya. A lokacin rani na shekara ta 2015, ya fara a yi Nizhny Novgorod da Leningrad yankuna. ne LLC "Magistral biyu dajiya" A karshe dan kwangila. Wannan al'umma ne kuma concessionaire.

A watan Nuwamba, 2014 da kuma aka bude ga aiki na farko sashe na karauka Moscow - St. Petersburg, wucewa birnin Vishny Volochek. Tun da rani na shekara ta 2015 ta riga ta fara tattara kudade daga direbobi.

A yau ranar ƙiyashi ranar ƙarshe da aka shirya domin shekara ta 2018. An shirya cewa hanya ya zama cikakken shirye domin duniya kwallon kafa gasar da za a gudanar a Rasha.

Jimlar kudin da ayyukan da aka shirya 152,8 biliyan rubles.

muhalli zanga-zanga

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da shirya na gina hanya da za a magance muhalli zanga-zangar. Suna da nasaba da gaskiya cewa hanya ya kamata ya faru a cikin Khimki gandun daji, lazimta a kansu da shi a cikin biyu kamar daidai sassa. Ga cikakken aiki na babbar hanya da za a za'ayi da felling bishiyoyi a kan gandun daji yankunan kan wanda shi zai gudu.

Wannan ya sa da kalaman na fushin da dama muhalli kungiyoyi. Kusan daga farkon gini a 2010 ya fara rike zanga-zangar. A wannan batun, gina titunan da ya dan lokaci durkushe.

Kawai a shekarar 2011 da aikin ya iya fara sake. A total gandun daji asusun da aka yanke shawarar zuwa rama ta dasa itatuwa da sauran wurare.

game da "Zavidovo" National Park a matsayin akwai wani rikici. Amma shi aka zaunar.

Gaskiyar ita ce, bayan da tallafi na shirin gina hanya, shugaban kasar Rasha Vladimir Putin ya bayar da umurnin bisa ga abin da "Zavidovo" National Park samu ƙarin yankuna, ciki har da wadanda wanda ya wuce wani sabon tafarki. Halitta, sa'an nan muhalli kungiyoyi fara nace a kan cewa hanya aka koma zuwa wani wuri. Yana zo ma kafin zanga-zangar. Amma irin wannan tashi daga asali shirin tattalin arziki inexpedient. Saboda haka, aka yanke shawarar sa da hanya a inda aka shirya, da kuma wurin shakatawa filaye a wani yanki.

Janar ra'ayoyi

Babban manufar wata babbar hanya a karkashin gini M11 Moscow - St. Petersburg - An dakatar da data kasance M10 babbar hanyar mota da kuma kawo a cikin zirga-zirga da matakan a kan hanya up ga} asashen duniya. An ƙarin tutu farkon kammala aikin ne gasar cin kofin duniya, wanda aka shirya domin 2018 a Rasha. By guda kwanan shirya don kammala isar da wani sabon babbar hanyar mota a cikin aiki.

Saboda haka, Russia da baƙi na kasar mu, zai yi wani sabon zamani high-gudun line. Yana zai yiwu to kai da gudun 150 km / h. Don kwatanta, da data kasance M10 babbar hanyar mota iyakar gudu daga kawai 90 km / h, yayin da real talakawan gudun motsi a kan shi a cikin unguwannin bayan gari saboda zirga-zirga da ababen hawa ne kawai game da 10 km / h. Hakika, wannan shi ne unacceptable.

A sabon hanya bayan da gabatarwar a cikin sabis ya yi alkawarin warware mafi yawan matsaloli hade da motsi a kan hanya Moscow - St. Petersburg da kuma mayar.