The sunan volcanoes. Volcanoes na Duniya: jerin hotuna

Daga zamanin da, da aman wuta shigowa sa wani mutum abin tsoro. Ton na zubi lawa, zubi dutse, m gas halaka birnin har ma da daukacin jihar. Yau, da Duniya ta volcanoes bai zama calmer. Duk da haka, kamar yadda a baya, kuma a yau suna janyo hankalin dubban masu bincike da masana kimiyya daga ko'ina cikin duniya. A marmarin sani da kuma fahimtar abin da ke faruwa tare da wuta-numfashi dutsen a lokacin da shigowa, ta yaya wannan tsari da ya biyo baya shi, tilasta masana kimiyya da hawa da m gangara, gabatowa da bakin dutse, inda bugãwa kashi.

Yau, volcanologists, masana kimiyya sun sõyayya a duniya kungiyar (IAVCEI). An ido sosai da yiwu shigowa, wanda zai iya haifar da barazana ga rayuwar dan Adam. Don kwanan wata, akwai jerin, wanda shi ne sunan da volcanoes, su location da kuma yiwuwar gaba shigowa. Wannan taimaka hana asarar rai na mutum, to fitad da mutane daga hadari zone kuma dauki gaggawa matakan idan ya cancanta.

Wannan labarin za a wallafa wani map na duniya na volcanoes da sunayen, ku sani wanda na su ne mafi hatsari. Watakila wannan bayani zai tabbatar da amfani a gare ku idan kun kasance sha'awar yanayin wannan hatsari sabon abu.

Etna (Italy)

Our review, mun yanke shawarar fara da wannan dutsen shi ne ba ta hanyar kwatsam. Dutsen Etna, da photo kuke gani a kasa a cikin labarin - da aiki, aiki daya daga cikin mafi girma da kuma mafi hatsari a duniya. An located a gabashin Sicily, kusa da Messina da Catania.

Its aiki ne saboda wuri a jamsin na Eurasian da Afirka tectonic faranti. A wannan karaya ne da sauran aiki tuddai - Dutsen Vesuvius, Stromboli, Vulcano. Masana kimiyya sun ce a zamanin da (15-35 thous. Years ago) Dutsen Etna, wanda hotuna sukan buga na musamman bugu, daban-daban m eruptions cewa sun bar sararin yadudduka na lawa. A cikin karni na XXI shigowa na Etna faru fiye da sau 10, sa'a ba tare da jikkata.

A tsawo da dutsen wuya a gano saboda ta saman batu canjãwa saboda m eruptions. Da suka faru yawanci bayan 'yan watanni. Etna bautarka a sararin area (1250 sq. Km). Bayan kaikaice eruptions bayyana Etna 400 craters. A kan talakawan, kowane uku-hudu watanni, da aman wuta fitarda lawa. Shi ne yiwuwar hatsari a taron na mai iko shigowa. Godiya ga latest kimiyya da bincike, masana kimiyya fatan domin sanin lokacin da ya karu aiki da dutsen.

Sakurajima (Japan)

Masana sun yi imani da Duniya ta volcanoes m, idan sun kasance m a baya 3000 shekaru. Wannan Japan aman wuta ne aiki ci gaba tun shekarar 1955. A nasa ne da farko category. A wasu kalmomin, da shigowa iya fara a kowane lokaci. Ba wani karfi watsi da lawa aka lura a Fabrairu 2009. Mazauna Kagoshima kusan kullum tare da tashin hankali. Koyarwar sanye take neman zama wani ɓangare na da rayuwar yau da kullum.

Da masu bincike gano bakin dutse webcam, don haka Sakurajima ne a karkashin m lura. Dole ne in ce cewa volcanoes a kan tsibiran iya canja ƙasa. Kamar yadda ya faru a Japan, inda a 1924 akwai ƙarfafan shigowa na Sakurajima. Iko tremors da aka yi musu gargaɗi game da illar da birnin, mafi yawan mazauna gudanar ya bar gida, kuma su fice.

Bayan wannan aman wuta, Sakurajima qazanta da sunan (wanda yake nufin "ceri tsibirin"), ba za a iya kira wani tsibirin. A babbar adadin lawa kafa ƙasar gada da cewa alaka dutsen da tsibirin Kyushu. Kuma a shekara bayan shigowa na lawa sannu a hankali malalo daga bakin dutse. A kasa na Gulf ya tashi a tsakiyar caldera Aira, located kilomita takwas daga Sakurajima.

Aso (Japan)

Wannan rare yawon shakatawa site ga matsananci - lalle ne, haƙĩƙa wani hatsari aman wuta, wanda a shekarar 2011 jefa fitar da wani babban adadin lawa kuma ash, an rufe wani yanki na 100 kilomita. Daga wannan lokaci shi ya riga ya rajista fiye da 2,500 iko aftershocks. Wannan ya nuna cewa a wani lokaci ya iya halakar da wata a nan kusa kauye.

Vesuvius (Italy)

Duk inda volcanoes - a nahiyoyi ko a kan tsibirin, su ne daidai da hadarin gaske. Dutsen Vesuvius - shi ne mai iko sosai kuma haka matukar hatsari. Shi ne daya daga uku aiki volcanoes a Italiya. Masana kimiyya da bayanai game da 80 babbar eruptions dutsen. Mummunan abu ya faru a '79. Sa'an nan birnin da aka gaba daya hallaka Pompeii, Stabia, Herculaneum.

Daya daga cikin latest iko eruptions lura a shekarar 1944. Height da dutsen - 1281 m, bakin dutse diamita - 750 m.

Colima (Mexico)

The sunan volcanoes (akalla wasu daga cikinsu), da yawa daga cikin mu har yanzu tuna da makaranta manhaja, a kan sauran muka koya daga jaridu, a kan uku kawai ilmi da kwararru. Colima - watakila mafi hatsari da kuma iko a duniya. A karshe lokaci shi ya barke a watan Yuni 2005. Sa'an nan, a shafi na ash fita daga bakin dutse, ya tashi zuwa babban Heights (fiye da 5 km). } Ananan hukumomi, da su fice da mazauna kauyuka.

Wannan wuta-numfashi dutsen kunshi biyu kololuwa conical siffar. Nevado de Colima - mafi girma daga gare su. Tsayinsa - 4625 m An dauke dadaddun da sauran ganiya ne aiki aman wuta .. Shi ne ake kira da aman wuta de Fuego de Colima - "Wuta aman wuta". Tsayinsa - 3846 m Mazauna kira shi Mexican Vesuvius ..

Tun 1576 shi ya barke fiye da 40 sau. Kuma a yau, shi ne musamman m ba kawai ga mazauna kusa da nan birane, amma kuma ga dukkan Mexico.

Galeras (Columbia)

Sau da yawa da sunan aman wuta da aka kai tsaye nasaba da ƙasa a kan wanda dutsen. Amma sunan Galeras yana da wani dangane da garin Pasto, located kusa.

Wannan ne mai babbar da kuma iko mai aman wuta. Tsayinsa ne 4276 mita. tushe diamita - fiye da nisan kilomita 20, da kuma bakin dutse - 320 mita. An located in Colombia (South America).

A gindin wannan giant dutsen ne karamin gari na Pasto. A watan Agusta 2010, mazaunan da za a kwashe saboda wani karfi shigowa. A yankin ayyana gaggawa sosai. A gundumar hukumomi sun aika fiye da 400 da 'yan sanda domin su taimaka' yan ƙasa.

Masana kimiyya sun ce a baya 7000 shekaru, da aman wuta farka a kalla 6 sau. Kuma duk eruptions sun iko sosai. Lokacin da gudanar da bincike a cikin 1993 kisan shida geologists a bakin dutse. A wannan lokaci ya fara na gaba shigowa. A shekara ta 2006, mutane daga kauyuka an kwashe saboda da barazana da wani karfi watsi da lawa.

Elbrus aman wuta

A kan iyakar karachay-Cherkessia da Kabardino-Balkaria, tsororuwar Turai kuma, ba shakka, Rasha - Elbrus. A arewacin Greater Caucasus, shi ya haɗu a kaikaice kunya. Vulcan Elbrus yana da biyu kololuwa, wanda da kimanin guda tsawo. Gabashin kai 5621 m, da yammacinta - 5642 m.

Wannan mazugi-dimbin yawa stratovolcano. Its yadudduka kafa gudana tuff lawa ash. A karshe shigowa Dutsen Elbrus rubuce 2,500 da suka wuce. A tsawon lokaci, ya kãma yanzu form. 'Yan iya fariya na Duniya ta volcanoes kyau sosai, "gargajiya" fom na mazugi. Yawanci, da craters ake halakar da sauri ta yashewa. Beauty Elbrus kare ta alkyabbar kankara da dusar ƙanƙara. Yana har ma a lokacin rani ba ya sauka ga aman wuta kira Ƙananan Antarctica.

Duk da cewa ya tunatar da shi na kansa na dogon lokaci, masana suna kallon domin ta na yanzu a jihar da kuma mataki na aiki, kada la'akari da shi bitattu. Suna kiran da dutse "barci." A aman wuta ne sosai aiki (sa'a, ba tukuna hallakaswa). A cikinsa har yanzu kiyaye zafi taro. Suna "warmed up" da aka sani kafofin. Su zazzabi kai +52 ° C da +60 ° C. Ta hanyar wani crack a kan surface seep sulfurous gas.

Yau Elbrus - na musamman da na halitta yankin, mafi muhimmanci a kimiyance. A Soviet sau akwai aka za'ayi da bincike, da kuma yanzu gidaje da Geophysical Laboratory, mafi girma a Turai.

Popocatepetl (Mexico)

Shi ne mafi girma a aman wuta daga kasar, dake tazarar kilomita 50 daga babban birnin kasar - Mexico City. Dvadtsatimillionny birni ko da yaushe tattalin gaggawa fitarwa. Bugu da kari, a nan ne biyu manyan birane - Tlaxcala de Hikotenkatl da Puebla. Su mazauna wannan m aman wuta ne ma samun juyayi. Watsi da sulfur dioxide, turɓaya da duwatsu faruwa kusan kowane wata. Kawai a cikin shekaru goma, da aman wuta ya barke sau uku.

Mauna Loa (USA, Hawaii)

Wannan shi ne mafi girma da kundinta "rashin tsoro dutse" na Duniya. Tare da wani karkashin ruwa na shi ne 80,000 cubic mita. km! Kudu-maso-gabashin gangara kuma a saman wani bangare ne na National Park "Hawaii volcanoes".

A Mauna Loa aman wuta located tashar. Bincike da m monitoring gudanar tun 1912. A nan ne hasken rana da kuma na yanayi Observatory.

A karshe shigowa lura a shekarar 1984. dutse tsawo - 4169 mita.

Nyiragongo (Congo)

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, da sunan volcanoes iya ba ko da yaushe za a san to talakawa mutane da suke zaune a wani nahiyar. Daga wannan dutsen ba ya zama kasa mai hadarin gaske. Da ayyukan da za a kula da kwararru da kuma sauri ruwaito karin aiki.

Next a jerinmu - Nyiragongo aman wuta, wanda tsayinsa ne 3469 mita. An located a cikin tsakiyar ɓangare na nahiyar Afrika, a cikin Virunga Mountains. A aman wuta ne dauke da mafi hatsari a Afrika. Sunny yake da alaka da mafi duwatsun dā Shaher da Barat. Ya aka kewaye da daruruwan kananan smoldering volcanic Cones. 40% na dukkan lura eruptions a nahiyar suna faruwa a nan.

Dutsen Rainier (United States)

Our review jerin kammala wani stratovolcano located a cikin unguwa Pierce (Washington), 87 km zuwa kudu na Seattle.

Rainier ne wani ɓangare na volcanic baka. Tsayinsa - 4392 m. Its saman kunshi biyu volcanic bakin dutse.

Mun gabatar da shahararrun volcanoes. List of su, ba shakka, bai cika ba, domin, a cewar masana kimiyya, da kawai aiki duwatsu akwai fiye da 600. Bugu da kari, a kowace shekara a duniya akwai 1-2 sabon aman wuta.