"The School of Athens": da bayanin irin frescoes. Rafael Santi, "The School of Athens"

Santi Rafaello aka haife shi a farkon watan Afrilu 1483 a tsakiyar ɓangare na Italiya. Sau da yawa sunansa busa a cikin Latin hanya kamar yadda Sanzio ko Santius. The artist kansa, kawo ya sanya hannu a kan zane-zane, amfani da Latinized version of sunansa - Rafael. A karkashin wannan sunan ya zama shahararren a ko'ina cikin duniya. Ya manyan sikelin-fresco "The School of Athens" da aka sani ko da zuwa ga waɗanda suka yi nisa da duniya lafiya art.

A farko matakai a cikin art

Kamar yadda wani yaro Rafaello san shi zai zama wani artist. Da farko gwaje-gwajen a zanen da ya faru a karkashin shiryarwar mahaifinsa - Giovanni Santi. Tare da darussa iyaye nan gaba master ƙware da dabara na zanen a Timoteo Viti - da aka sani a cikin waɗancan kwanaki Umbrian artist. Lokacin da Santi Jr. ya 16 years old, ya aka aiko a matsayin almajiri zuwa Pietro Vannuchi. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar da wannan mutumin Rafael kai gaskiya Heights na fasaha da kuma ƙware da asali dabaru na art.

Mai farkon, yaro Raphael zane-zane - uku zane-zane: "Mala'iku Michael, karin Shaiɗan" (yanzu aiki a Paris), "Dream Knight" (wurin na nuni - London) da kuma "The Three ni'imar" (ya karshe mafaka - Chantilly). Saboda haka ta fara aiki da Rafael Santi. "The School of Athens" ya bayyana a lokacin da marubucin ya yi shekaru 25 da haihuwa.

A mafi girma na frescoes

Rafael zo da Madawwami City a 1508. Ga shi aka gayyace ta Paparoma Julius II. A nan artist yi fenti da tashar (da bukukuwan dakunan) Vatican Palace. Stanza della Senyatura Raphael aka fentin, wucewa picturesque images na hudu yankunan da shafi tunanin mutum aiki da mutum: "jayayya" (tauhidin), "The School of Athens" (falsafa), "Parnassus" (shayari) da kuma "Hikima, Auna Force" (dokar). A Maestro fentin gini, zane-zane, akida zoba da asali abun da ke ciki, da ɗaukar Littafi Mai Tsarki, mythological da kamã da jũna ma'anar.

A zanen "The School of Athens" ya zama misalta yawa falsafa da kuma kimiyya. Ainihin yayi na frescoes - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci ideas na tausaya wajama'a. Yana za a iya wajen takaitashi a matsayin wata dama ga jitu yarjejeniya tsakanin daban-daban rassan kimiyya da falsafa. A arches da m gine-gine da fitacciyar ado da kungiyoyin masana kimiyya da kuma masana falsafa a zamanin tsohuwar Girka.

"The School of Athens" (Rafael). description

A total fiye da hamsin zanen dake nuna Figures. A tsakiyar fresco sanya Aristotle da Plato. Su isar da hikima na zamanin dā da kuma wakiltar biyu mazhabobi. Plato nuna sama tare da yatsa, da kuma Aristotle kara hannunsa a kan ƙasar. Warrior, sanye da kwalkwali - shi ne Aleksandr Makedonsky. Yanã karɓa hankalinsa zuwa babban Socrates, kuma ya bends yatsunsu a kan hannayensa, kuma ya gaya wani abu m. A gefen hagu, kusa da matakala, kewaye da almajiran Pythagoras, wanda shi ne m warware wani ilmin lissafi matsaloli. "The School of Athens" da kuma samu wani wuri zuwa Epicurus, wanda Raphael fentin a wreath na itacen inabi ganye.

Domin siffar Michelangelo da artist ya zaɓi hanyar Heraclitus, da kuma fentin da shi a matsayin wani mutum wanda, ya jingina a kan shigen sukari, zaune a cikin wani pensive matsayi. A kan matakala zaune Diogenes. The dama ne Euclid wanda ƙaddara wani abu a kan wani lissafi adadi da caliper. Matãkalai tattake - Wannan shi ne mataki da a cikinsu akwai waɗansu rinjãye gaskiya. Euclid kamfanin amounted zuwa Talomi (rike da wata duniya a hannunsa) da kuma Zoroaster (rike da wata duniya da sararin sama). Don su dama ne wani adadi na Rafael, neman a masu sauraro.

wasu haruffa

Duk da cewa da "School of Athens" - wani fresco na fiye da 50 haruffa a shi a gabar lightness da yalwarta halayyar Santi hali. Bayan sama Figures, yanar gizo ne na jama'a da haruffa kamar Spekvsipp (falsafa, wanda aka nuna da wani gemu da kuma wani Toga ruwan kasa) Meneksen (falsafa, sanye da Toga blue ya dafa) Xenocrates (falsafa, Toga fari). Har ila yau, akwai Pythagoras, kõma daga littafin a hannunsa, Crete (a cikin ruwan hoda dress), Diagoras na Melos - mawãƙi shirtless, wasu littattafan tarihi Figures.

Kamar dukan duniya ta Masterpieces, "The School of Athens" shi ne ba a sani ba zuwa ga jama'a kamar wata Figures. Saboda haka, babu wanda ya san wanda aka nuna a kan mural a kan daya kafa, da kuma wanda ya mallaki baya a wani ruwan hoda dress. Amma da aka fi so artist ne sauki gane: shi wakiltar Hypatia.

Ban sha'awa abubuwa game da "School of Athens"

Stanzas a cikin Vatican fentin baiwa Rafael shekaru goma - daga 1508 zuwa 1518. Santi kansa tsunduma a aikin kawai shekaru hudu (1508-1512). Duk da sauran zanen Maestro yi almajiransa karkashin iko. Akwai daya kaddara, amma mai ban sha'awa daidaituwa cewa shekaru hudu aiki Rafael kan tashar, kuma wannan adadin shekaru yi aiki a kan Sistine rufi da Michelangelo.

Sunan sanannen frescoes da Raphael ba. Historical kafofin ce cewa a farkon hoton haifa sunan "falsafa." "The School of Athens" - wani sunan cewa ba cikakken daidai da abin da aka nuna a kan zane. A zanen, ban da masana falsafa na Athens, akwai mutane da yawa suka yi ba a rayuwarsu ba su kasance a cikin wannan birni. Bugu da kari, da fresco ƙunshi wakilan shekaru daban-daban da suke zaune a kasashe daban-daban, kuma saboda haka ba su da damar da za su hadu tare a lokaci guda.

A mutuwa daga cikin manyan artist

Ya rayu ne kawai 37 shekaru, 6 Afrilu 1520 (ranar da aka haife shi) ya mutu a babban Rafael Santi. "The School of Athens" kuma tsira ga ƙarni. Duniya zama Maestro ya m da kuma dunkule, kamar tauraro mai wutsiya. Amma wannan shi ne rabo yankakke lokaci ya isa ya game Raphael tuna a matsayin mafi girma artist na Renaissance.

Santi mutuwa ya kwatsam, ta katse da kishi na biyu mafi girma 'yan baiwa na zamaninsa. Dukansu dauki bangare a cikin kayan ado da kuma halittar Vatican. Muna magana ne game Raphael da Michelangelo. Duk da cewa Malkisadik ya mazan Santi, ya rasuwarsa shi da shekaru masu yawa.

Raphael mutu a Roma, kuma ya toka binne tare da karrama cewa sun cancanci wannan zamanin na yarda da juna, da kuma baiwa da hali. Babu wani artist wanda ba zai ciyar da karshe tafiya marubucin "School of Athens" da kuma makoki da Maestro.