The Red littafin Vladimir yanki: shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Ajiye yanayi

A 2008, da aka buga ta Red littafin Vladimir yankin. Shuke-shuke da dabbobi suna kunshe a cikin ta, an hukumance gane a matsayin jinsin barazana tare da nau'i nau'i. Reprint na littafin da aka buga a 2010

Yana ne aka yi nufi ba kawai ga kwararru amma kuma ga mai fadi da kewayon masu karatu. Littafin ya ƙunshi jerin da kuma taƙaitaccen bayanin da rare jinsunan Flora da fauna: fungi (10 jinsunan), shuke-shuke (160 jinsunan), dabbobi (160 jinsunan).

Flora da fauna daga yankin

A Flora na yankin ne quite bambancin. An yafi wakilta arewacin taiga, gandun daji steppe na yammacin Turai da kuma kudancin jinsunan. A zamanin da, a lokacin da ƙasa da aka mãsu bãyar da bãya gleiser, tare da shi suka zo marten, banki vole, polecat, kore woodpecker. Artificially shi aka zaunar da su a 30-40-ies na daji boar, wanda kusan gaba daya hallaka, amma sai yawan aka mayar a kudi na shigo da dabbobi. Saboda haka, Red littafin Vladimir yankin, da shuke-shuke da dabbobi da ake yi musu wa'adi da nau'i nau'i, wannan lokaci ba a bayansa da tare da sabon nau'in. A sakamakon da shiri na coniferous shuke-shuke daga Siberia baza hares, Elk, takaddamarsu da kuma Partridge.

Hankula mazaunan yankin ne squirrels, voles kuma ko da wani iri-iri na wakilan da hakori. The most of su - da dabbar beaver, ya juya fitar da shi cikin wannan halin da ake ciki a matsayin cewa daga wani daji boar. Mai floodplain kududdufai cewa hunturu ba daskare zuwa kasa, muskrat rayuwarsu.

Fungi da kuma shuke-shuke

Mafi na kowa wuri mai faɗi yankunan su ne gauraye gandun daji. M temperate nahiyar sauyin yanayi na samar da manufa da yanayin domin cin gaban shuka da dabbobi rayuwa. Gandun daji ne game da 56% na jimlar ƙasar yankin. Mamaye yafi Pine, spruce kuma Birch, itacen oak gandun daji da ake samu tare da kogin bankuna. Domin mutum halitta Vladimir yankin presents mafi kyau kyautai: yawan namomin kaza, berries, magani shuke-shuke. Total Flora hada 1370 jinsunan, ciki har da 19 jinsunan lichens da kuma mosses 230 jinsunan.

Duk da shuke-shuke a cikin littafin ya kasu kashi yiwuwa dadaddun, ha] ari, numerically rage, rare, a matsayi na miyagun da bai tabbata ba. A cewar masana, don rage ga yawan lokutta tana nufin kawai daya jinsin - rasberi, wanda aka sanshi a matsayin manta Berry. Dogon lokacin da shrub vuya a wuraren da na halitta habitats ne yafi saboda deforestation. Wani Red Littafi na Vladimir yankin (shuke-shuke da dabbobi a cikin rubutu) sun hada da nau'in barazana tare da nau'i nau'i. Wannan takalma drop. Perennial shuka ba kare ko ta muhalli lability, watau ikon girma cikin matalauta da bushe kasa. A rage yawan mnogoryadnik Brown, Naiad kananan da kuma m, Fritillaria Meleagris, malaxis monophyllos, cloudberries, matasa pobegonosnoe.

A yankin ma ke tsiro da wani babban yawan fungi classified a matsayin rare jinsuna: da fari truffle, osinovik, greasers deciduous, Veselka talakawa, Grifola frondosa.

Rare da miyagun kifi kashi

A ƙõramu sunã gudãna a cikin ƙasa na yankin ya kasance a cikin kwari na Volga, su duka tsawon shi ne 8560 km. Dukan su suna da hankula fasali na lebur: a kananan gangara, rauni halin yanzu, mai tsanani tortuosity na tashar. Koguna da tabkuna cike da kifi, ciki har da muhimmanci da kama kifi. The Red Littãfi ne aka jera Rasha sturgeon, sturgeon (photo), kowa Bullhead, karu, minnow lake. Babban dalilin da kananan yawan - haramtacciyar farauta da kuma ruwa gurbatawa da masana'antu sharar gida.

The Red littafin Vladimir yanki: tsuntsu

A sabon edition hada da talatin da biyu tsuntsaye, da wakilan da goma sha biyu squads. Wadannan sun hada da baki-throated mai nutsa, grebe, bittern, bebe swan da whooper swan, Merlin, peregrine shaho, kowa kestrel, da mujiya, mujiya, itace Lark. M gane da baki shamuwa. Wannan ne mai matukar rare jinsunan tsuntsaye da aka jera a cikin Red Littãfi daga Rasha. Shi ne m, na zaune a cikin gandun daji zone kuma yayi kokarin kauce wa mutane. Salon da kuma halayya halaye an talauci gane saboda da stealth bayyanar. Dalili na abinci da kifi.

Animals aka jera a cikin Red Littãfi da Vladimir yanki: da yara

Carnivorous dabbobi masu shayarwa ne a saman da kayayyakin abinci, da kuma da kadan, ko kuma ba halitta makiya fãce mutum. Su ne a karkashin kariya a duk uku jinsunan. Na su dadaddun, ko a cikin wasu kalmomi, sun bace daga yankin, shi ne mai ruwan kasa bear - daya daga cikin mafi girma a ƙasar da yara a duniya. Ya sau daya a zaune dukan Turai, kuma a kudu yanki na ta mazauninsu kai ƙasashen Afirka, a Gabas - China. Shi ne yanzu dadaddun a yankuna da dama na kasar Rasha.

Miyagun ne biyu jinsuna - da Lynx da Otter. A farko dabba - wani wakilin cat iyali. A arewacin jinsunan, mazauninsu abin da ya zo a Scandinavia. Shi yana da secretive yanayi da kuma fi son maras ban sha'awa, duhu gandun daji. A dalilan ga kananan yawan hade tare da lalata su wuraren.

Babu kasa ban sha'awa ne da dabbobi na yankin namu kamar kogi otters. Dabbobi masu shayarwa kananan size ne a wasan kusa da na cikin ruwa salon. Shi ne ya fi kowa cikin iyali da kuma na zaune a ko'ina a Rasha, amma a wannan yanki saboda wasu dalilai, da lambobin a 'yan shekarun ƙwarai rage.

Tẽku-hoofed da carnivorous dabbobi masu shayarwa

The biyu tawagar The littafin buga iri uku. A Vladimir yankin sanaki a rare da relict jinsunan da oda na insectivores - shi muskrat (photo). A karamin dabba yana da wani sosai wadanda ba misali bayyanar: proboscis hanci, ke tsaye bakin ramin, lebur kamar dabbar beaver wutsiya da Sikeli, a kananan kai da kuma da kyau sosai m Jawo. Babban factor bayar da tasu gudunmuwar da rage daga cikin yawan dabbobi ne deforestation a floodplains, ruwa gurbatawa, draining na dausayi.

Na biyu wakilin kungiyar - da giant noctule. Shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma a jemage a Turai. Rate muhimmanci da yawan wuya saboda secretive hanyarsa ta rayuwa, amma har yanzu irin a matakin kasa da aka dauke su m.

Daga cikin tsari na tẽku-hoofed dabbobi a cikin yankin a kan gãɓar rãmi na nau'i nau'i ne Turai bison. Shi ne na karshe wakilin wani rukuni na daji bijimai a kan ƙasa na zamani Turai.

Cewa, irin wannan shi ne sikelin da Red littafin Vladimir yankin. Shuke-shuke da dabbobi, rubuta shi ne, miyagun na nau'i nau'i. A mafi yawan lokuta, mutumin da yake da laifi. Da zarar wani mai arziki bambancin da jinsunan a kowace shekara an rage ba kawai qualitatively amma kuma quantitatively.