The most icebreaker a duniya: photos, masu girma dabam

A farko icebreaker a duniya ya bayyana a cikin XVIII karni. Ba wani sosai manyan jirgin iya watse kankara a Philadelphia harbor. Shi tsawon lokaci tun da dabaran da aka maye gurbinsu da wani injin turbin, sa'an nan kuma akwai kuma mai iko nukiliya reactor. Yau, da babbar nukiliya-powered crack Arctic kankara babban iko.

Mene ne wani icebreaker?

Wannan jirgin ruwa da ake amfani a ruwan ya rufe tare da wani lokacin farin ciki Layer kankara. Nukiliya icebreakers sanye take da makaman nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke, sabili da haka da mafi iya aiki fiye da dizal, sabõda haka sũ mãsu sauki zuwa nasara da daskararre tafkunan. Icebreakers da wani jinsin amfani - ba su bukatar MOTA KE SHAN MAI.

Wadannan labarin ya gabatar da mafi girma icebreaker a duniya (size, zane, fasali, da sauransu. D.). Har ila yau, karanta littattafai, za ka iya ganin most liners na da irin wannan a cikin duniya.

Overview

Ya kamata a lura cewa duk 10 data kasance a yau a kan makaman nukiliya icebreakers gina da kuma iyo a lokacin zaman na Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Rasha. Indispensability irin wannan jirgin sama ya tabbatar da aiki, wanda ya faru a shekarar 1983. A wannan lokacin, game da hamsin da tasoshin, ciki har da icebreakers da dizal, sun kasance a cikin gabashin Arctic, a cikin kankara tarko. Kawai godiya ga atomic icebreaker "Arktika" , sun kasance iya kubuta daga zaman talala da kuma isar da muhimmanci kaya zuwa nan kusa ƙauyuka.

Gina makaman nukiliya submarines a Rasha ya fara wani dogon lokaci, saboda kawai a cikin kasar tare da Arctic Ocean akwai wani touch dogon nesa - sanannen Maritime arewacin hanya, da tsawon wadda ne 5 dubu 600 kilomita .. Fara yana daukan daga cikin Kara Gate kuma ƙare a Providence Bay.

Akwai daya ban sha'awa aya: icebreakers musamman fentin a wani zurfin ja launi ya zama fili a bayyane a cikin kankara.

Wadannan labarin ya gabatar da mafi girma icebreakers a duniya (top 10).

Icebreaker "Arktika"

Daya daga cikin mafi girma a icebreakers - da icebreaker "Arktika" gangara a tarihi a matsayin 1st surface jirgin, wanda ya kai Arewa iyakacin duniya. shi da aka kira "Leonid Brezhnev" a 1982-1986 shekaru. Bookmark shi da aka gudanar a Birnin Leningrad, a Baltic masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa a watan Yuli na shekarar 1971. A halittarsa aka samu halartar fiye da 400 Enterprises da kuma ƙungiyoyi, kimiyya da bincike da kuma zane, da kuma sauran kungiyoyin.

A icebreaker aka kaddamar a marigayi 1972. Nufa jirgin ruwa - kewayawa tare da Arctic Ocean.

da makaman nukiliya submarine tsawon - 148 mita, da kuma jirgin yana da tsawo na game da 17 mita. Its nisa - 30 mita. Steam sa nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke - fiye da 55 wutar. Fasaha Manuniya jirgin ruwa a yarda karya ta kankara, da ciwon kauri of 5 m, kuma ta gudu a cikin ruwa mai tsarkakẽwa samo asali har zuwa 18 kullin.

10 most icebreakers a duniya

Kasa ne top 10 mafi girma (da tsawon) na zamani icebreakers duniya:

1. "Arewa Sea Route" - wani jirgin icebreaking kai. Its tsawon shi ne 260 mita, cikin tsawo yayi dace da girman da wani multistory ginin. A jirgin ruwa ne iya wuce ta cikin kankara kauri daga 1 mita.

2. "Arctic" - most icebreaker tsawon na 173 mita. Ya saukar da ruwa a cikin a shekara ta 2016 da kuma wakiltar da farko nukiliya icebreaker na Rasha Federation. Iya karya da kankara kauri daga kusan 3 mita.

3. "50 Years of Nasara" - teku atomic icebreaker (mafi girma a duniya) aji "Arctic", halin da m iko da zurfin dasa. Its tsawon shi ne 159,6 mita.

4. "Tajmyr" - atomic kogin icebreaker watse kankara estuarine kauri har zuwa 1.7 mita. Its tsawon shi ne 151,8 mita. A peculiarity na jirgin - karami fit da ikon aiki a low zazzabi matuƙa.

5. "Vaigach" - gina a kan wani aikin c "Taimyr" (amma ya kasance a little ƙaramin). nukiliya kayan aiki da aka shigar a kan jirgin a shekarar 1990. Its tsawon - 151,8 m.

6. "Yamal" - shahara ga da cewa a wannan icebreaker ne wani taro na uku Millennium a Arewa iyakacin duniya. A total number of flights icebreaker zuwa wannan lokaci ya kusan 50. Its tsawon shi ne 150 mita.

7. Healy - mafi girma a Amurka icebreaker. A shekarar 2015 a kan shi a farkon lõkaci da Amirkawa ba su iya yin wata tafiya zuwa Arewa iyakacin duniya. Binciken jirgin sanye take da latest dakin gwaje-gwaje da kuma gwajin kayan aiki. Its tsawon - 128 mita.

8. PolarSea - daya daga cikin tsofaffin icebreakers United States of America, gina a 1977. Seattle - tashar jiragen ruwa. A tsawon jirgin - 122 mita. Watakila zai nan da sannu za rubuta kashe dangane da tsufa.

9. Louis S. St-Laurent - mafi girma a icebreaker, gina a Canada (120 mita dogon) a 1969 da kuma na karshe cikakken zamani a 1993. Wannan shi ne na farko da jirgi a cikin duniya, wanda ya kai a shekarar 1994 da Arewa iyakacin duniya.

10. Polarstern - Jamus icebreaker, gina a shekarar 1982 da kuma yi nufi ga kimiyya da bincike. A mafi tsufa jirgin yana da tsawon 118 mita. A shekara ta 2017, za a gina Polarstern-II, wanda zai maye gurbin da wanda ya riga da kai agogon a cikin Arctic.

The most icebreaker a duniya: photos, description, nadi

"50 Years of Nasara" - sun fi mayar da sabunta hanyoyin matukin aikin 2nd "Arctic" irin jerin icebreakers. A wannan tsari da jirgin ruwa ta baka ne amfani a cikin nau'i na cokali. An farko amfani a ci gaba da gwaji "Kenmar Kigoriyak" (icebreaker, Kanada) a shekarar 1979 da kuma ya rinjawarwa tabbatar da ingancinsu.

Shi ne mafi girma da kuma mafi iko a duniya atomic icebreaker sanye take da zamani dijital atomatik kula da tsarin. Shi ma yana da wani kyautata sa na kayayyakin aiki, don nazarin halittu kariya daga makaman nukiliya ikon shuka. Sanye take da shi, da kuma muhalli daki, sanye take da latest kayayyakin zamani, tattara da kuma Yake shirya na sharar kayayyakin na ma'aikata a hukumar.

Icebreaker "50 Years of Nasara" deals ba kawai da a saki wasu tasoshin daga kankara bauta, ya kuma mayar da hankali a kan aiwatar da yawon shakatawa yawacen duniya ta ruwa. Hakika, da fasinja bukkokin a kan jirgin a can, don haka yawon bude ido suna amintattun a al'ada bukkokin da jirgin tsarin. Duk da haka, da gefen jirgin sanye take da wani gidan cin abinci, sauna, waha da kuma dakin motsa jiki.

A Brief History of jirgin

Duniya most icebreaker - "50 Years of Nasara". Yana da aka tsara a Birnin Leningrad, a Baltic masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa a shekarar 1989 da kuma 4 Bayan shekaru gina da kuma kaddamar da farko. Duk da haka, da yi aka ba a gama ba saboda kudi matsaloli. Kawai a 2003 an sake buɗe ta yi, da kuma a Fabrairu 2007 a Gulf na Finland suka fara gwaji. Its tashar jiragen ruwa na yin rajista zama Murmansk.

Duk da protracted fara a yau bayan da jirgin - a kan wani mutum ɗari-tafiye zuwa da Arewa iyakacin duniya.

Mafi iko da kuma high-powered icebreaker "50 Years of Nasara" - a kan asusun da 8th atomic icebreaker, tsara da kuma gina a Baltic masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa.

"Siberia"

A lokacin, Tarayyar Soviet da ba daidai a cikin shiri na nukiliya-powered icebreakers. A waɗannan kwanaki babu inda a duniya ba su da irin wannan kotu, yayin da Tarayyar Soviet ya 7 atomic icebreakers. Alal misali, "Siberia" - wani jirgin ruwa da ya zama kai tsaye ci gaba da "Arctic" irin makaman nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke.

A jirgin ruwa da aka sanye take da wani tauraron dan adam sadarwa tsarin, alhakin da fax na'ura, da kuma tarho kewayawa. Yana kuma da duk kayayyakin more rayuwa: a falo, pool, sauna, library, dakin motsa jiki, da kuma wata babbar cin abinci dakin.

Icebreaker "Siberia" a cikin labarin ya zo a matsayin na farko jirgin ruwa ya aikata wani shekara-zagaye kewayawa daga Murmansk zuwa Dudinka. Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne na biyu jirgin ruwa kai da saman duniya a Arewa iyakacin duniya.

A shekarar 1977 (lokacin sa a cikin aiki da icebreaker), shi yana cikin mafi girma girma: 29.9 mita - da nisa daga 147,9 mita - da tsawon. A waɗannan kwanaki, shi ne duniya most icebreaker.

Ma'ana icebreakers

a nan gaba, da muhimmancin irin wannan jirgin ruwa zai kawai kara, saboda a cikin dogon lokaci shirya yalwa da ayyukan domin aiki ci gaban da albarkatun karkashin babban Arctic Ocean bene.

A daban daban ga kewayawa Arewa Sea hanya shi yana kawai 2-4 watanni, domin duk sauran lokaci duk na ruwa da aka rufe da kankara zuwa 3 mita ko fiye lokacin farin ciki. Domin ba hadarin jirgin da ma'aikatan jirgin, da kuma ma domin ya cece man fetur tare da icebreakers aika jirage masu saukar ungulu da kuma wani sashe daga bincike a search na wani sauki hanya.

Duniya most icebreakers ne wani muhimmin alama - ba za su iya da kansa gudu a kan Arctic Ocean a lokacin shekara, watse baka na sabon abu siffar da kankara kauri daga sama zuwa 3 mita.

ƙarshe

Tarayyar Soviet da zarar ya cikakkar keda daukaka a duniya a yawan irin tasoshin. Kamar a lokacin da aka gina bakwai nukiliya-powered icebreakers.

Tun shekarar 1989, wasu icebreakers na irin wannan da aka amfani da yawon shakatawa balaguro din da ake yi mafi yawa da Arewa iyakacin duniya.

A cikin hunturu, kankara kauri a cikin teku ne a kan talakawan 1.2-2 mita, da kuma a wasu yankunan na zuwa 2.5 mita, amma atomic icebreakers iya tafiya a kan wannan ruwayen da gudun kilomita 20 a kowace awa (11 kullin). A ruwa free daga kankara, gudun iya isa 45 kilomita awa (ko 25 kullin).