"The Kreutzer Sonata" da Lva Tolstogo. Takaitacciyar, bincike da kuma sharhi a kan labarin

"The Kreutzer Sonata" - an yi fice a aikin Lva Tolstogo, da aka buga a 1891. Saboda da m abun ciki shi ne nan da nan hõre mai tsanani katsalandan. A cikin labarin tashi zuwa aure, iyali al'amurran da suka shafi, dangantaka zuwa ga mace. Duk wadannan kona batutuwa marubucin yana da asali ra'ayi, gigice mamakin masu karatu. Da abun ciki na wannan aiki da kuma al'amurran da suka shafi tattauna a wannan labarin.

Tarihi na halitta

Labari "Kreutzer Sonata" da aka rubuta a lokacin da Tolstoy m shafi tunanin mutum da kuma m rikicin. Marubucin da'awar cewa a cikin rayuwarsa akwai wani sake fasalin kudin da "aiki, da ake kira art." Duk a cikin aikin - poetic tsarin, style, tsarin da wallafe-wallafen heroes - ya halartar manyan canji idan aka kwatanta da baya ayyukan Leo Tolstoy. Babban ra'ayin "Kreutzer Sonata," Tolstoy a cikin "Afterword," ya kira wani harafi wasu mace mai suna Slavyanka da kuma kayyade in da adireshin da nasa ra'ayi game da zalunci na mata bukaci jima'i yanayi. Masu bincike nema da kerawa classic m rubuce-rubuce litattafan Oktoba 1887. A samfurin marubucin akai-akai sake rubutawa. A karshe version aka farko karanta Tolstoy a watan Nuwamba 1989 a zaži masu sauraro a cikin gidan Kuzminskaya.

katsalandan

A 1889, Tolstoy aika wani novella "The Kreutzer Sonata" a St. Petersburg bugu gidan "matsakanci", inda da zarar shakka cewa samfurin za a rasa ta m. wallafe-wallafe da ma'aikata sun yi aiki don sake rubutawa kansa aikin da kuma rarraba kwafin shi duka a kan St. Petersburg. Yana zo a matsayin bombshell. Duk da haka, kafin na aikin littafin shi ne har yanzu sosai nisa. A cewar shugaban ma'aikatan na Press ya unequivocal: labarin zai taba za a buga a Rasha, da kuma littafin dole ne nan da nan hallaka. Goma sha uku girma tattara ayyukan na Tolstoy ki buga for guda dalilai - "The Kreutzer Sonata" da aka hada a cikinsa. Kawai sirri izni na Alexander III, wanda ya halicci matarsa daga Tolstoy, Sofya Andreyevna, a yarda a buga a scandalous littafin a 1891. Me ake da shi don haka m ya da wani samfurin na yin katsalandan? Amsar wannan tambaya za a iya samu a cikin bayanin da labarin.

summary

"The Kreutzer Sonata" gaya labarin da rabo daga cikin babban harafin, Basil Pozdnysheva, wanda ya rayu m, cike da fun Kasadar da matasa, da ya yanke shawarar saukar da shirya da kuma fara wani iyali a shekara talatin. Ya aure for soyayya, ya so ya bi zuwa "auren mace daya" da kuma jin tsoro alfahari da kyau nufi. Duk da haka, dangantakar dake tsakanin mata da miji an girgiza zuwa su gudun amarci. Pozdnyshev ji da rashin jituwa da matasa matarsa, kuma idan aka kwatanta shi da "gamsuwa na nishaɗi", wanda wai "drained" daukaka soyayya. A tsawon lokaci, da gwarzo gane cewa ya aure ba zai kawo shi da wani m majiyai. Duk abin da ya "m, m, kuma m." A haihuwa da kuma tarbiyyar yara da tarbiyyar aiki a matsayin wani zarafi ga rigingimu da zagi. Domin shekaru takwas, ma'aurata yana da 'ya'ya biyar, bayan da matarsa ƙi ba haihuwa, ya kawo da kansa a kuma fara duba kewaye da a search na sabon abubuwan. Ta aka fascinated cute violin a shi "Kreutzer Sonata" hadin gwiwa yi. Pozdnyshev sha wahala daga kishi da zarar samu matarsa da kishiya, kashe ta Damascus ruwa.

Relationship ga mace

A mãkirci aiki na ban tausayi, amma quite m. Abin da yake haka outraged kuma gigice al'umma "Kreutzer Sonata" da Tolstoy? Da farko farillai, wanda ya nuna protagonist. Own dissolute hali a cikin matasa da ke sa shi ji haushin. Amma ya dora alhakin musamman mata. Wannan m dress suka sa, sun ayan su "zama abin so." Ya zargi uwãyensu fata riba ba su da 'ya'ya mata a cikin aure kuma ga cewa dress up a cikin m kayayyaki. Ya ce, da mata ne Masani game da iko a kan maza da kuma ake rayayye yin amfani da shi, da sanin cewa jiki son zũciyõyinsu? Kon tasarrufi a duk wasu mafi daukaka da karfi jima'i nufi. Kuma duk waɗannan farillai damuwa ba kawai ga auku personages, wanda ayyuka ba ya boye, ga wakilan na arziki azuzuwan. A gaskiya ma, sai ya kirãye karuwanci hali Ladies na high jama'a da kuma bayar da hujjar cewa mata ko da yaushe za wulakanci, har suka koyi su zama suna fadin da kuma kamun kai.

Hali zuwa aure

Labari "Kreutzer Sonata", da bincike na wanda aka gabatar a wannan labarin, an rayayye inganta jima'i abstinence. Kuma ba wai kawai shi ne aure. Tolstoy tana nufin wani maganarsu daga cikin Bisharar Matiyu: "Duk wanda ya dubi mace duban sha'awa, ya riga ya yi zina da ita a cikin zuciyarsa" - kuma ya wadãtu da wadannan Lines ba kawai ga waje na wani lady, amma ko da ya matarsa. Ya wadãtu da m jiki jin daxi da kuma m. Yana zaton dangantakarsa da matarsa rincabewa saboda dabba gabbai, wanda ba ya halatta sau da yawa ya nuna wajen ta. Ya yi imanin cewa mutum halitta ne unspoiled yarinya hamayya da dukkan manifestations jiki soyayya. Idan wani mutum ɗauke da bẽne alheri ga soyayya daga Allah, sa'an nan sordid jiki - na kai-soyayya, wanda ya zo da zunubi jahannama. Sai baƙaƙen tsokani ma fi girma laifi a game da Pozdnysheva - kisan kai.

Hali zuwa yara

Mutane da yawa shubuha hukunci yana dauke da "Kreutzer Sonata". Tolstoy (short labarin abun ciki kunshe a cikin wannan labarin) bar babu dutse unturned a cikin al'ada sani game da mika wuyansu da soyayya ga 'ya'yansu. A bayyanar biyar 'yan uwana a cikin iyali Pozdnysheva ba kawai bai inganta iyali dangantakar da protagonist, amma daga karshe suka ganimar. M da philoprogenitive matarsa kullum damu game da yara, abin da a karshe guba rayuwa Pozdnysheva. A lokacin da wani daga cikin yara fadi da rashin lafiya, da wanzuwar Basil aka yi hukunci a mafi m jahannama. Bugu da kari, ma'auratan sun koyi su "ku yi yãƙi" da juna ... yara. Kowane yana da nasa Pet. A tsawon lokaci, da yaran suka yi girma, kuma koya dauki gefe daya daga cikin iyaye, cewa kawai ke zuba mai a kan wuta. Duk da haka, Tolstoy bakinka ya gwarzo shelanta cewa haihuwa tsĩrar da shi daga azãbar m kishi, saboda mata da aka tsunduma kawai a iyali harkokin da ba shi da muradin Flirt. Mummunan abu fara a lokacin da likitoci sanar da ta hana daukar ciki.

Hali ga art

Yana da wani hadari mafi scandalous labari na Leo Tolstoy da aka sani da suna "The Kreutzer Sonata". Tolstoy, a takaice daga cikin ayyukan da muke a yanzu retell, ya ta da asali ra'ayi game da art. Ya dauke shi wani mugunta awakens mutane ta basest mũnãnan ayyuka. Pozdnysheva matar ya daina haihuwa ba, prettier da kuma sake zama da hannu a wasa da Piano. A da farkon karshen. Da fari dai, bisa ga babban harafin, mafi zina aikata a daraja jama'a a karkashin inuwar na zane-zane, musamman music. Abu na biyu, da music samar "irritating ra'ayi" a masu sauraro, shi ya sa hankali da ji a lokacin rubuta marubucin na aiki, to ci tare da irin abubuwan da cewa wani mutum ne ba peculiar, sa shi imani da sabuwar dama wajen tura, don haka ya yi magana, cikin sãsanni da nasu ji . Kuma me ya sa? Wannan matarsa ji Pozdnysheva da minti yi na "The Kreutzer Sonata", abin da sabon so crept a cikin ta receptive rai? Babban hali ne yiwuwa ya zargi ga karshe fall bakin hijabi barna ikon music, abin da ya kamata dace da wuri da kuma lokaci na kisa, da kuma ba tashi a cikin mutane, dabbobi gabbai.

ra'ayi Sahaban

"Kreutzer Sonata," Tolstoy ne batun m muhawara, ba kawai a Rasha amma kuma kasashen waje. Chekhov ganin darajarsa muhimmancin zane da kyau na yi labari, amma daga baya ta fara ze m da kuma wawa. Haka kuma, ya bayar da hujjar cewa da yawa daga cikin farillai a cikin samfurin bijirar marubucin a matsayin mutum "m, ba a damu ... don karanta biyu ko uku littattafai da aka rubuta da masana." The Church Allah wadai da akida abun ciki na labarin. Tare da ta kasance shirye da yawa wadanda mutane masu sukar. Su vied da juna touted m fasali na litattafan da kuma nacewa soki ma'anarta. A. Razumovsky, I. Romanov da'awar cewa Leo "a hauka" gurbata m bayani na iyali dangantaka da "furta maganar banza." Sun kara nanata kasashen waje wallafe-wallafen sukar. American Isabel Helgud, fassara na Tolstoy, ya na da ra'ayin cewa da abun ciki na labarin ne na batsa ko da matsayin 'yancin magana a Rasha da kuma Turai. Leo Tolstoy da aka tilasta buga da "Afterword", a cikin wanda mai sauki da kuma share harshen kafa daga cikin muhimman ra'ayoyi na aikinsa.

ma'abota labarin

Mutane da yawa korau sake dubawa na ji game da labarin Leo Tolstoy. "The Kreutzer Sonata" tilasta masu karatu don sake da kullum yarda norms, sanya da tambaya dangantakar da ke tsakanin mata da maza, musamman dacewa da kuma tattauna. A ra'ayi na marubucin matar, Sofi Andreevny. Kwatancen da daidaici da rayuwar iyali na Leo Tolstoy bayan buga labari sun makawa. Matar Tolstoy, ko a hankali kofe "Kreutzer Sonata" da kuma rayayye nemi da ta buga, ya rike su a zuciya da sanannen miji. Kamar yadda wata mace da kuma wani matsanancin iyawa, ta rubuta martani aiki "Wane laifi", wanda ya shiga cikin baki kawai tare da Lvom Nikolaevichem. A labarin da aka buga kawai, a cikin 1994, amma samu mummunan sake dubawa daga sukar. Duk da haka, a cikin ta Countess bayyana ta da ra'ayin cewa da hali na maza da kuma ci amanar su gaskiya hali ga mata. "The Kreutzer Sonata", reviews na wanda ya bayyana ko bayan mutuwarsa, bar mai zurfi lamba a kan rayuwar iyali na Tolstoy, har abada upsetting da dangantaka da matarsa.

a ƙarshe

The tattara aiki Lva Tolstogo "The Kreutzer Sonata" daukan girman kai na wurin. More outspoken jama'a littattafai na cewa lokaci bai sani ba. Haramta na aikin hukuma katsalandan ya sanya shi ya fi rare. A cewar Sahaban, bayan bayyanar da wannan samfurin maimakon na wajibi daga cikin tambaya "yaya dai?" All tambayi juna game da "Kreutzer Sonata". Mutane da yawa daga cikin ra'ayoyin da aka bayyana a cikin aikin, da kuma yanzu ze zama rigima, da kuma wani lokacin funny. Duk da haka, psychologically cikakken bayanin da iyali dangantaka, wadda daga ƙarshe ta saya wani mummunan connotation, kuma a yau da ya rage muhimmanci da kuma bukatar da hankali shawara.