Tattalin arzikin: Kimiyya da Aikin Noma (11th sa). Misalai na tattalin arziki a matsayin kimiyya da kuma tattalin arzikin

The kalmar "tattalin arzikin" tsoho Greek asalin. Yana hadawa kawai kalmomi biyu: "doka" da "tattalin arzikin". A zahiri manufar "tattalin arzikin" ya kamata a magana game da tattalin arziki, wanda yana da za'ayi a full yarda da dokoki, da dokokinta da kuma dokokin.

shafukan na tarihi

A zamanin d Girka tattalin arzikin nuna a cikin halitta nau'i - shi ne mai real tattalin arzikin. Kimiyya da kuma tattalin arziki a waɗannan kwanaki sun kawai da nufin ci gaban da sirri tattalin arziki. Idan muka bincika da definition na kalmar "tattalin arzikin" a asalin fassarar, shi da aka bayyana a matsayin "ma'adanin na iyali."

A zamani fassarar da tattalin arzikin

Fiye da shekara dubu biyu tun da gabatarwar da kalmar "tattalin arziki." Kimiyya da tattalin arziki a halin yanzu sun canza muhimmanci. Yanzu wannan ra'ayi sa wani ɗan daban-daban ma'anar. To, abin da yake da tattalin arzikin? Kimiyya da tattalin arzikin a wani m ji. Watau Naira Miliyan Xari da dukkan abubuwa, da kayayyakin aiki, abubuwa na ruhaniya da kuma kayan duniya, wanda aka yi amfani da mutane don tabbatar da rayuwa ingantacciya yanayi, kazalika da cikakken gamsuwa da dukkan bukatun. A wannan mahallin, da tattalin arziki - kimiyya da kuma aikin noma, a matsayin dukan, wani mutum ya yi amfani da su inganta yanayin rayuwar da kuma haifar da wani rai goyon bayan tsarin.

Bugu da kari, shi kuma za a iya wakilta a matsayin mai raba tattalin arziki da horo alaka mutum aiki, wanda ake dangantawa da shi. Misalai na tattalin arziki a matsayin kimiyya da kuma tattalin arzikin tabbatar da muhimmancin wannan bangare don kula a lokacin al'ada huldar cinikaiya tsakanin dukkan mahalarta na rayuwar zamantakewa. Saboda haka, da muhimmancin wannan horo da wuya a overestimate - da aiki na zamani da mutumin ne a hankali alaka da shi.

terminology

Tattalin arziki - da kimiyya da kuma tattalin arzikin a lokaci guda, ko kuma za ka iya raba wadannan Concepts? kawai biyu kalmomi zama a cikin harshen Turanci adabi: "tattalin arziki" da kuma "tattalin arzikin". A farko ya shafi ka'idar, da kuma na biyu lokaci characterizes halitta buɗi na tattalin arziki. Saboda irin wannan rabo, masana kimiyya sun iya gabatar da tsabta a cikin fahimtar da msar tambayar harsãshin gini ga tattalin arzikin kasar. Bugu da kari ga haƙiƙa ji shi a matsayin musamman tsarin tattalin arziki da kuma wani sa na bayanai game da tsarin, wasu theorists hašawa zuwa wannan ra'ayi na wani darajar. A cewar shi, da tattalin arziki halin da dangantaka da bayyana tsakanin mutane saboda samar da matakai, mabukaci kaya, musayar, rarraba kayayyakin.

A tattalin arzikin a cikin zamani makaranta

A kimiyya na housekeeping mutane, kazalika da kafa dangantaka a cikin tsari - duk da wannan ne tattalin arzikin (kimiyya da kuma tattalin arzikin). 11 aji na nazarin irin matsalolin a raba darasi. The yara ba ne kawai bayar da msar tambayar tushe na duniya da kuma na cikin gida da tattalin arziki, amma kuma koyar da su yadda za su kasance Thrifty, to ware kudi albarkatun daidai. Duk wannan bayani ne iya kai ga masu sauraro irin wannan horo a matsayin "Tattalin Arziki: Kimiyya da Industry". Short abun ciki daga cikin shakka hada da dama babban sassan: mayar da hankali a kan gida kyautata, samuwar damar iya yin komai don ware kudaden shiga biya ga jama'a ayyuka, da saye da kudi, da tufafi, da ilimi, hutu. Ba tare da mallakan irin wannan basira na makaranta leavers zai wuya a daidaita da zamani al'umma. Saboda haka, ba shakka "Economics: Kimiyya da Industry" (Grade 11) da nufin kafa dalibai 'isasshen ji daga al'amurran da suka shafi kayan albarkatun.

jihar tattalin arzikin

Don gane da jigon da horo, shi wajibi ne don la'akari sosai. Duk da cewa akwai wani "gida" tattalin arzikin (kimiyya da aikin noma), abu mafi muhimmanci - bayan duk fahimta da wadannan matakai a matakin kasa. A ikon yinsa, daga wannan definition hada da, kunsha na kasa samarwa. Alal misali, ya iya hada da aikin noma, masana'antu, sufuri, yi. Don daraja na jihar iko da maras samar Sphere, wato ayyukan mutane da samar da m kaya, bayanai albarkatu. Alal misali, a filin daraja kiwon lafiya, zane-zane, al'adu, ilimi.

All tattalin arziki da ayyukan fadin kasar da nufin samar da dũkiya, su redistribution, amfani da kuma musayar. Irin wannan fanni na dangantaka a tsakanin mutane karatu tattalin arziki makaranta. Kimiyya da tattalin arzikin an tattauna a takaicce a makarantar sakandare. Wannan batun kwayoyin halitta sanar 1 lokaci na mako daya a tushe matakin da a wani adadin 2-3 hours a profile horo. The magana amsa ga tambayoyin: "Ga wa?", "Yaya?", "Me?". Dalibai sami cikakken bayani game da hanyoyin da manajan da iyaka albarkatun, shirya nasu housekeeping, m yin amfani da albarkatun kasa.

tattalin arziki division

Wannan kimiyya ne zuwa kashi Macro, micro kuma tattalin arzikin duniya, shafi mafi harkokin duniya. Micro wakiltar yankin na huldar cinikaiya, wanda ake dangantawa da raba ayyuka da kuma kera, farm samuwar a kan misali na mutum da kamfanoni da kananan kamfanonin. Yana yakan haifar da wanzuwar talakawa masu amfani da, gonaki, ma'aikata, da kuma gidaje (iyalai), Enterprises (kamfanonin).

Dalilin microeconomics

Microeconomics ne wani reshe na tattalin arziki da karatu da ayyuka na daban-daban mahalarta a cikin tattalin arziki Sphere. Wannan yana taimaka masu amfani da fahimta da samfurori da kuma ayyuka miƙa ta masana'antun, yin da hakkin zabi. Wannan sashe ya sarrafa babba da hankali ga matsalar da mafi kyau duka hali na mutum kamfanoni a kasuwa yau domin rage abu halin kaka da kuma samun gwaji kudi amfanin.

macroeconomic mahallin

Mene ne hanya "Economics: kimiyya da masana'antu"? Table, wanda buga da babban abubuwa, ya gabatar da yara tare da ainihin sharuddan.

Alal misali, musamman high school dalibai koyi macroeconomics. Yana da wani ɓangare na tattalin arzikin, wanda tabbas, mai kẽwayewa matakai abin da ke faruwa a cikin tattalin arzikin duniya sikelin. A kasa tattalin arzikin da aka dauke a matsayin dukan. Kamar yadda wani abu tushe ga macroeconomics hidima na kasa da dũkiya halitta ta hannun yawa. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa tattalin arzikin - kimiyya da kuma aikin noma. Ka'idar da yi bayar da shawarar da shawara na dacewa da muhimmanci ga kowane jihar al'amurran da suka shafi kamar tashin farashin kaya, da tattalin arziki rubucen da kuma hambarar da, rashin aikin yi, Jihar kasafin kudin. Masana na kokarin samun mafita ga matsalolin da cewa gwamnatin fuskantar ta ne. Alal misali, yadda za a rage rashin aikin yi, da yadda za a hanzarta ci gaban tattalin arziki, rage tazarar da take tsakanin kasar mu da kuma Turai iko.

Matsaloli na Modern tattalin arziki

Rasha tattalin arziki da damuwa da farko wata tambaya na gano hanyoyin da za a kara da ingancinsu na kasa da tattalin arziki, tsarin sake fasalin a cikin tattalin arzikin jihar, da zabin bincike canje-canje a cikin kayayyaki Rasha, da kara samar da ingancin kaya da kuma ayyuka.

A tattalin arzikin ne na musamman duniya, cike da nasu dokokin da aka saka. Akwai da yawa saba wa juna, amma shi ya dogara da kayan walwala na jama'a, da damar ziyarci nuni, domin ya koyar da yara don Masana al'adu darajar. Tare da ta dace shiri na tattalin arzikin dama da kuma aikin ayyukan za a shirya optimally da tunanin mutuntaka. Ya kamata a lura da cewa ba wani tattalin arziki da aiki za a iya daukarsa a matsayin tattalin arziki. Alal misali, a zamanin d duniya da kuma tsakiyar zamanai, akwai aka yi aikin gandu na bayi da serfs. Shin yana yiwuwa a yi magana da version management matsayin tattalin arziki? Lalle ne, haƙĩƙa ba. Kawai sha'anin dogara ne a kan 'yancin kai da kuma' yancin kera, da samun dama a kan nasu "fitarwa" zuwa kasuwar sakamakon abubuwan da suke yi, domin sanin da farashin za a yi la'akari da gaske shiga a cikin tattalin arziki da tsari. Wannan shi ne, dole ne ka zama ba al'amurran da cewa nufa da wanzuwar musayar kuma cinikayya.

ƙarshe

Mutane da yawa zamani masana kimiyya, tattalin arziki magana na "mataki" ci gaban tattalin arziki. talakawa gida samar ci gaba a mataki na farko. A mataki na biyu ne halin da samuwar da tattalin arziki, tare da sakamakon cewa akwai wani musamman manufacturer, akwai wani canji da kuma cinikayya. The uku mataki ne mai matukar cigaba kasuwar tattalin arzikin. Wannan dabarar ne quite m kuma wajaba a kansa, kamar yadda za a iya amfani da su rarrabe tsakanin m kama-karya tafiyar da tattalin arziki da ayyukan (aiki "a karkashin lash"), rashin cin gashin, ba shan himma ma'aikata, ko da tattalin arziki, wanda ya wanzu a kan ka'idodin da 'yanci na mabukaci da kuma masu sana'anta, dauka zabi.

Mene ne muhimmancin kasuwanci a zamani al'umma? Shakka yi imani da cewa shi ne, ba mafi muhimmanci aiki, alama da fifiko na ruhi da kuma al'adu cin gaban da kayan amfanin da kuma bukatun. Amma akwai wadanda suke sun amince da muhimmancin shi ne tattalin arziki da matakai. Matsayin su,, suna m da cewa a nazarin al'adu Monuments mutum dole ne mai kyau, rufi a kan kanka, dumama, samun ado, ci abinci. Idan ci gaban tattalin arziki a wani matakin halitta mafi kyau duka yanayi na rayuwar mutum, kuma ya za su iya sami lokacin ilimi aiki. Domin samuwar jihar dole ne ta kyautata fasahohin da kuma kayayyakin aiki. Kawai a cikin wannan harka ta ruhaniya dabi'u zo da fore, saboda mutum ba zai sami zuwa ciyar lokaci neman damar na gamsuwa da kayan bukatun. Formation na tattalin arziki da al'adu a cikin zamani shi ne tsara wani muhimmin aiki, don haka a makarantun sakandare bayar da tattalin arzikin rate (10-11 aji).