A fannin Australia. Australia a kan taswira. Features Australia

Jihar na Australia da aka located a kan wannan nahiyar, da kuma wasu daga cikin kewaye tsibiran, da most of wanda shi ne Tasmania. A fannin Australia ne 7.682.300 murabba'in kilomita. A ƙasar haka bautarka 7.617.930 murabba'in mita. km. A ƙirin lullube ga fiye da dubu ashirin da biyar kilomita.

Australia Square a cikin tsakiyar ɓangare na nahiyar sun shagaltar da an m yanki na Shefela, da yawa daga abin da yake Lake Eyre daruna da Murray River. Bugu da kari, akwai wata bayyana Nallabor. Northwest Biranan shahara Great Western Plateau - wani yanki hudu girma Hamada: Gibson, Simpson, Mai girma Sandy Desert da Great Victoria.

Musamman Australia ne wannan da cewa kasar na da isasshen ruwa. Mafi yawa daga cikin kõguna suna located a gabashin nahiyar, ciki har da Darling, Murray da sauransu. Waterways, wanda suke a cikin cibiyar kuma a yamma, bushe bazara.

The ruwa a cikin mafi m tabkuna. Shin ba togiya da babba gare su - Air. Yana gõma shã biyu ne mita kasa teku matakin.

yawan

By yankin, babban yankin kasar Australia ne fiye da bakwai da rabi murabba'in kilomita miliyan. Da karkararta aka sanaki 23,625,130 mutane (as of Yuli 2014). Domin mafi part shi Turawa - 95%, sauran 5% ne mazauni da Asians (4% da kuma 1%, bi da bi). A harshen Turanci.

An sani cewa zamanin d mutane dauki wasu daga Australia Square dubu arba'in da suka wuce. An zaci cewa su zo daga Papua New Guinea da kuma Indonesian tsibirin.

A farko mazaunan aka yafi tsunduma a farauta da taro. Wakilai da dama bãyanta sun fara rayayye shirya a kasar da kuma a nan kusa tsibiran, bude up sabon ƙasa. Duk da mun gwada m fasahar basira, bisa yin amfani da dutse, da itace da kashi, zamantakewa da kuma rayuwa ta ruhaniya ya riga at wani babban matakin. Saboda haka, mafi yi magana harsuna da dama, da kuma wani lokacin geographically m tribal kungiyoyin shirya tarayya.

A halin yanzu, Australia yanki ƙware da cikakkiyar. Abin da ake kira farin spots a nahiyar ba. Duk da haka, 89% na yawan - da townspeople. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa Australia an dauki daya daga cikin mafi urbanized kasashe a duniya. The tsawon rayuwar jama'a for 2005-2010 shekaru. Yana da aka 81,6 shekaru. Wannan shi ne mai ban sha'awa adadi.

addini

A kasar yana da wani na aikin addini. Mai mazauna - Kiristoci. Kamar yadda na 2006, 25,8% na yawan masu mabiya na Katolika bangaskiya. Wani babbar addinai - Anglican (18.7% na yawan). Bugu da kari, kasar gida da Presbyterians, Adventist, Pentecostals, Methodists da Ceto Army, Buddha, kishin Islama da Yahudawa.

Mako-mako coci ayyuka ziyarci ta game da daya da rabi da miliyan. An muhimmiyar rawa a harkokin rayuwar jama'a da aka buga da daban-daban Kirista agaji da kuma asibitoci. Katolika makaranta tsarin ne kuma sosai ci gaba. Game da shida da rabi da yara miliyan ake sa suna a wadannan makarantu. The Church of England ke tsunduma a cikin ilmi game da mutum ɗari da dubu matasa. 48 makarantu aiki a cibiyar sadarwa da United Church.

weather

A ɓangaren da na Australia ta sauyin yanayi Yanã gagarumin bambance-bambance a cikin daban-daban sassa na kasar. Saboda haka, a arewacin yankunan da aka mamaye sub-Equatorial, a Tsakiya da kuma Kudancin - Equatorial sauyin yanayi. La'akari da yanayin musamman Australia. A talakawan shekara-shekara da yawan zafin jiki a cikin yankin arewacin kasar ne a cikin kewayon 23-28 digiri Celsius. Matsakaicin hazo (har zuwa dubu ɗari biyar millimeters) ne a lokacin rani. Busar da hunturu sanyi iskõki, abu don fari. Game da jihar bakin teku filayen da kuma babban gangara, suna moistened kuma suna da taushi da dumi sauyin yanayi. A zafin jiki na warmest watan a Sydney ne game da ashirin da biyar da darajõji, kuma da coldest - game da goma sha biyar digiri tare da alamar "da".

A cikin tsakiyar da kuma yankunan dake yammacin babban yankin sauyin yanayi ne na wurare masu zafi hamada. A lokacin rani (Disamba zuwa Fabrairu) ma'aunin zafi da sanyio mafi yawan hasken rana hours ne a kusa da talatin da digiri ko kawai a kasa, kuma a cikin hunturu saukad da zuwa goma ko goma sha biyar da maki. A tsakiyar ɓangare na nahiyar a cikin rani ko da tsananin zafi - har zuwa arba'in da biyar Celsius. A wannan yanayin da dare da yawan zafin jiki iya sauke sifili digiri. Kadan ruwan sama a cikin wannan ɓangare na kasar - biyu ko ɗari uku millimeters a kowace shekara.

A sauyin yanayi a yankin kudu maso yammacin yankunan shi ne kama da Rum Spanish kuma Faransa. Matsayin mai mulkin, rani ne zafi da kuma bushe da winters ne m da dumi. A zafin jiki a ko'ina cikin shekara dabam da dan kadan.

Flora

A ɓangaren da na Australia da kuma musamman kasar sauyin yanayi ya haifar da yaduwar bushe-m shuke-shuke - musamman hatsi, laima itacen ƙirya, eucalyptus da kwalban itatuwa. Abin lura shi ne cewa daga cikin 12 th. Jinsunan 'yan qasar Flora 9 ga watan. Shin endemic, cewa shi ne, su za a iya samu ne kawai a nahiyar karkashin shawara.

Tropical gandun daji na arewacin kasar sun hada da eucalyptus, da dabino, da itatuwan ɓaure da kuma bamboo thickets. A kudancin Savannah zone nadiri kungiyar na wannan bishiya da laima acacias. A ƙasa yada wani lokacin farin ciki ciyawa rufe. A cikin gabashin kasar aka mamaye subtropical Evergreen gandun daji da yawa itace horsetails, ferns da tsayi wannan bishiya da ashirin mita mai tushe.

fauna

A fauna na kasar ne dauke su musamman. Kuma duk domin cewa 9/10 dukkan jinsin dabbobi da ake samu ne kawai a kan m nahiyar kira Australia. Kangaroo chlamydosaurus, koalas da platypuses an samu kawai a kan wannan nahiyar. Daga cikin dabbobi mafi marsupials (ba kasa da ɗari da ashirin da iri). A kasar na da yawa jemagu, dingoes da hakori. Bugu da kari, akwai rayuwa kwai-kwanciya dabbobi masu shayarwa, da ake kira mai rai burbushin - da echidna da platypus.

Amma ungulates, birai da kuma wakilan kungiyoyin ganima, su ba su da a kasar. Amma Australia ne sananne ga babban adadin tsuntsaye - emus, cassowaries, aku cockatoos, lashe tattabarai, medososov tsuntsaye, baki Swans, da tsuntsaye na aljanna da Lyrebird. A mafi m dabbobi masu rarrafe - kadangaru da macizai-asalidy. Amazing mazauni yuzhnoavstraliyskih kõguna - Queensland Lungfish - lungfish daya huhu.

The na'urar jihar. jam'iyyun siyasa

Australia ne tarayya majalisar jiha da cikakken suna - Commonwealth na Australia. Federation kunshi shida jihohin - Victoria, Queensland, Tasmania, ta Kudu da kuma Yammacin Australia, New South Wales. Bugu da kari, a ƙarƙashin mulkin na Commonwealth ne da tsibirin na Ashmore kuma cartier, MacDonald kuma ji game da. Kirsimeti, Cocos Islands da Coral Sea.

A babban birnin kasar ne Canberra. A farko a Janairu 1901 da} asar ta samu 'yancin kai, yayin da a lokaci guda, shi har yanzu ya kasance wani memba na Birtaniya Commonwealth. The dokokin dogara ne a kan na kowa dokar Ingila. Australia Day ne na kasa hutu, kiwon ashirin da shida na watan Janairu.

A zartarwa ikon da aka sanya wa Birtaniya monarch, Gwamnan-Janar da kuma firaministan kasar, wanda shi ne shugaban majalisar ministoci. Majalisar kafa majalisar dattijai da kuma Majalisar Wakilai.

Daga cikin jam'iyyun siyasa da cewa suna cikin mafi girma da nauyi a jihar, ware Jam'iyyar Australian Democrats Australian Labor, da kuma Liberal Party of Australia National Party of Australia.

tattalin arziki

Jihar bambanta sosai raya tattalin arziki. Domin wannan nuna alama, shi ne m da Yammacin kasashen Turai. Daga cikin mafiya muhimmanci rassan masana'antu su ne karafa, karfe, sunadarai, abinci da kuma mota. Game da biyar da cent na GNP samar da kudin shiga daga ayyukan noma. Babban da shũka sha'ir, alkama ya'yan itatuwa da kuma rake. Babu inda bred kamar tumaki a duniya, kamar yadda a Australia. Bugu da kari, kasar ne tartsatsi samar da kaji da 'ya'yan dabbõbi.

Kudin ne Australian dollar. Daga cikin babban ciniki abokan - da Amurka, New Zealand, United Kingdom, kuma Japan. Duniya most maroki na alkama, da ulu da naman sa, na biyu mafi girma m na rago - yana da Australia. A yankin na nahiyar da ake amfani da matsakaicin domin tabbatar da tasiri ci gaban tattalin arziki da kuma wani babban matakin mutum alheri.

halitta reserves

Albarkatun Ruwa na Australia ba za a iya kira arziki. An sano nahiyar - sarrafa giza a cikin duniya. A manyan koguna a nahiyar bai isa ba. Mene ne na ƙwarai cikin wannan girmamawa, Australia? Murray River - wannan shi ne babban ruwa jijiya na kasar. Its manyan aikin gandu - da Goulburn, Darling da kuma Murrumbidgee. Suna ta bambanta da mafi m, a cikin lokacin da snow narkewa a cikin duwatsu, amma a zafi weather ne mai muhimmanci shallowing. Dams ana gina a kusan duk aikin gandu. Murray, kusa da su da ake shirya tafki amfani das hi don bayi da gidãjen Aljanna, natsuwa da filayen.

The lake ba za a iya kira kasar albarkatun ruwa tsanani, t. Don. Su ne mafi yawa silty, m da kuma m, amma matafiya wasu ban mamaki tafkunan jawo hankalin. Alal misali, Hiller - mai haske m lake a kan Tsakiya Island tsibirin. A sabon abu launi na ruwa a cikin shi ba zai canza. Masana kimiyya har yanzu ba su samu wani bayani ga wannan wuyar warwarewa. Babu kasa ban sha'awa shi ne mai bayyanãwa lake Gippsland, a Victoria. A 2008, cincirindo na kwayoyin Noctiluca scintillans (nochesvetok) da aka rubuta a can. Wannan wani rare sabon abu ya lura ba kawai mazauna yankin, amma kuma a daukar hoto Phil Hart. Mutumin da kullum jefa kankara a cikin ruwa don kama da luminous surface na ruwa saboda sabon abu luminescence kwayoyin amsa daidai to waje samuwar kasashe.

Area Australia ta biyu kawai cent ne dazukan - wadannan albarkatun kasar, ma, kadan. Duk da haka, da suka jawo hankalin mutane da yawa matafiya saboda ta m form. Na wurare masu zafi dazuzzukan kurmi, duka biyu a kan gaba na Coral Sea, ba a sami ko ina kuma.

Babban halitta arziki na kasar ne, ba shakka, albarkatun ma'adinai. A kasar mafi a duniya reserves na haƙar da zirconium. Bugu da kari , kasar shi ne na biyu mafi girma uranium hako ma'adinai da kuma ci. A Tasmania, ya gano platinum adibas. Australia (a kan taswira ne kudu maso yammacin nahiyar) ne arziki a cikin zinariya. A kan ƙasa na New South Wales mined Diamonds, bismuth, antimony da nickel.

Ta yaya shi duka ya fara

A cikin babban yankin na Australian yan asali magabatan farko zaunar game da dubu arba'in da suka wuce. Tun Australia ne geographically ware daga sauran kasashen duniya, 'yan asalin mutane da musamman addini da al'adu. A nahiyar da aka gano da Turawa ne kawai a farko na XVII karni. Na farko shi ne Dutchman Yanszon. A 1605, ya sauka a Gulf na Carpentaria (arewa Coast). Saboda da yankin karkara na mulkin mallaka na Australia ya fara ne kawai a 1770. Sa'an nan Dzheyms Kuk ya mallaki, a madadin Sarkin Bay. Daga bisani, ba da nisa daga wannan wuri akwai birnin Sydney.

Up har 1840, Australia a duniya taswirar da aka ba wani cikakken fledged jihar, amma maimakon a wurin gudun hijira batutuwa na Birtaniya monarch, hukuncin naƙudarta. A farko a 1850, na gida mazauna ya zama mun gwada zaman kanta da Birtaniya Crown, da kuma shekaru goma sha daga baya suka siffata da m Commonwealth na Australia. A kasar suka fara samar a kan kansa rubutun. Duk da haka, tarihin Australia na dogon lokaci da aka hade da England. Saboda haka, gwamnati ta bayar da gwaji taimako zuwa Birtaniya a lokacin farko da kuma duniya na biyu Wars.

Australia Lokaci

An sano nahiyar dake cikin uku lokaci zones. A lokacin rani lokaci a Brisbane da kuma Sydney gaba na Moscow domin shida hours, da kuma a Perth - hudu. Local lokaci a Australia ma dabam daga jihar, zuwa.

Tarik

Mutane da yawa baƙi suna janyo hankalin da kasar ta gabas Coast. Mafi mashahuri Gold Coast makõma tare da m rairayin bakin teku da kuma kusan manufa yanayi na hawan igiyar ruwa. Lovers of al'adu ayyukan, ma, ba zai zama gundura. Alal misali, a cikin babban birnin kasar, za ka iya ziyarci Museum of tsufa Nicholson, Australia Museum da kuma National Maritime Museum. Melbourne ne sananne ga National Gallery na Victoria, a nan ne sanannen National herbarium da kuma Royal Botanic gidãjen Aljanna. Abin da sauran gani daraja gani?

• Musamman rare tare da yawon bude ido da girma Shamaki Reef. Shi ne mafi m tsarin na murjani reefs in duniya da kuma kunshi 900 tsibiran da kuma 2900 mutum reefs da duka yanki na 344.400 murabba'in kilomita. Wannan shi ne babbar a duniya samuwar za a iya gani ko da daga sarari. An located a Coral Sea, kashe arewacin iyakokin nahiyar.
• A Sydney Opera House da aka fara a 1973. A halin yanzu, shi ne daya daga cikin mafi recognizable alamu na kasar. Wannan gini ne mafi kamar jirgin fiye da wata al'ada gini na duniya.
• A New South Wales Blue Mountains ne. Suna kafa daga sandstone da kwaruruka na ƙwarai zurfin fiye da ɗari bakwai da hamsin mita. Amma, akwai ake girma itace ferns da wannan bishiya. Mountain samu ta sabon abu da sunan saboda babban taro na dakatar da kwayoyin halitta a cikin iska da muhimmanci mai, eucalyptus kasaftawa.
• Oddly, amma a cikin Kakadu National ba Park aku. Yana samu da sunan daga wani gida kabilar. Nau'in a cikin wannan musamman wuri ne mai ban mamaki: wurin shakatawa ne kewaye da mafi cliffs kuma zana hotunan, tam boye wannan aljanna daga waje duniyar. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa a cikin ƙasa sanaki waɗannan dabbobi, wanda ba su samu ko ina kuma a duniya - polulapchatye geese, Brolga, barramundi da sauransu.
• Idan birane kyakkyawa ba kai ka ga ni'ima da kuma kallo na kare kasa Parks evokes nostalgia, zuwa Barossa Valley - babban ruwan inabi yankin nahiyar. Inda za ka iya dandana da ban mamaki drinks, da kuma shiga a cikin grand bikin,

Mun gama labari akwatin kifaye bayanin Sydney. Kamar sosai a Australia, shi ne na musamman. Irin wannan babbar gidaje a duniya shi ne babu mafi: ko wani sauki preview ba tare da tsayawa a yawa farfado zai dauki akalla uku da rabi hours. A nuni ne zuwa kashi bangarori da labarin kasa - da Great Shamaki Reef, Southern da kuma Northern Rivers, Southern tekuna. Ƙofar akwatin kifaye ba shi yiwuwa ba a lura, saboda an located a bakin wani m improvised sharks.