Mene ne halogens? Chemical abubuwa sunadarin flourine, chlorine, aidin da astatine

Duk abubuwa na lokaci-lokaci tebur ake hada cikin kungiyoyin, dangane da sinadaran Properties. A wannan labarin, za mu tattauna abin da halogen (ko Halo).

Ma'ana na halogens

Halogens - ne abubuwa na lokaci-lokaci tebur rukunin 17, da kuma a kan wani m rarrabuwa - 7 babban kungiyar. Yana nufin halogens na 5 sinadaran abubuwa, daga cikinsu sunadarin flourine, chlorine, aidin, bromine da astatine. Dukan su ne wadanda ba karafa. Halogen - sosai aiki oxidants da externally data abubuwa da 7 electrons.

Menene halogens, me ya sa ba su samun su da sunan? The kalmar "Halo" kafa daga biyu Greek kalmomi, wanda tare wakilci "haihuwa salts". Daya kashi na wannan kungiyar - chlorine, tare da sodium gishiri siffofin.

Jiki Properties halogen kungiyar

A sunadarai Properties na halogens ne irin wannan, amma jiki da halaye na abubuwa ne daban-daban daga juna.

Fluoride - a gaseous abu da rawaya launi, tare da wani sosai m da pungent wari. Chlorine - gas ne greenish-rawaya a launi, yana da wani nauyi, kuma m wari. Bromine - launin ruwan ruwa. Astatine - blue-baki m tare da pungent wari. Aidin - shi launin toka m. Rungumar sama da aka ambata bayani, yana yiwuwa ya amsa tambaya: "Mene ne halogens?". Wannan gas da kuma taya, kuma daskararru.

Chemical kaddarorin da halogen kungiyar

Babban kowa alama na duk halogens ne cewa su ne duk sosai aiki oxidants. A mafi yawan aiki halogen ne sunadarin flourine, wanda reacts tare da duk karafa da mafi m - astatine.

Hulda da halogens daga sauki abubuwa (tare da banda wasu ba karafa) ya wuce sauƙi. A yanayi, an same su ne kawai a cikin nau'i na mahadi.

sunadarin flourine

Irin wannan wani kashi, sunadarin flourine aka samu kawai a karshen XIX karni Faransa masanin kimiyya mai suna Anri Muassan. Fluoro - a gas kodadde rawaya. Halogens ne na hali da ba-karafa da kuma oxidants, da kuma duk na halogens fluoro - mafi aiki. Yanzu wannan halogen ne ba makawa a masana'antu domin an yi amfani da sarrafa bututu, tef, daban-daban nama coatings, ba-sanda saman for pans da siffofi, da kuma a cikin magani a yi na wucin gadi arteries da jijiyoyinmu. A masana'antu, da halogen diluted tare da nitrogen.

chlorine

Chlorine - wani sinadari da aka sani, tana nufin wani halogen kungiyar. Menene halogens, mun tattauna a sama. Chlorine rike da ainihin Properties daga cikin abubuwa na kungiyar.

Sunan zo daga kalmar Helenanci "chloros", wanda fassara a matsayin kodadde kore. Wannan gas ne sosai na kowa a cikin yanayi, shi ne a cikin manyan yawa kunshe ne a cikin seawater. Chlorine - mai da muhimmanci sosai kashi, shi ne kusan ba makawa a bleaching, disinfecting iyo kududdufai, kazalika da disinfection na ruwan sha.

Amma chlorine aka sanshi zama mai hatsari m makami. A 1915, Jamus da sojojin amfani da Faransa sojojin game 6 da dubu. Balloons tare da wannan halogen. Wannan shi ne m makami da aka kirkiro ta shahara Jamus sunadarai Fritz minjun.

aidin

Aidin ko iodo, - wani kashi, wanda nasa ne da halogen kungiyar. A gaskiya, a cikin lokaci-lokaci tebur da rabi ne ake kira kõwa fãce aidin, amma ta Generic sunan da aka dauke su aidin. kashi sunan zo daga kalmar Helenanci, wanda aka fassara a cikin Rasha nufin "Violet". Wannan sinadari a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum ne da na kowa. Lokacin da hulda da sauran halogens, yafi chlorine samu kyau kwarai wajen disinfect raunuka da kuma scratches. Yanzu aidin amfani da magani don rigakafin thyroid cututtuka.

astatine

Astatine ne ban sha'awa, domin shi bai taba aka samar da chemists a wani adadin irin wannan cewa za a iya gani da ido tsirara. Kuma mafi m, wannan zabin ba za a gabatar da su har abada. Idan da masana da kuma sun iya samu mai yawa na wannan sinadari, sai nan da nan zai ƙafe, saboda zargin wani high zafin jiki, wanda shi ne sakamakon da radiation na kashi. Astatine - mafi m kashi, da kuma karamin adadin da aka samu a duniya a ɓawon burodi.

Daga cikin halogen astatine - fairly m kashi, domin a wannan lokacin na wani amfani a gare shi samu ba.

A amfani da muhimmanci

Duk da cewa duk halogens da irin wannan sinadaran Properties, suna amfani daidai a fagage daban-daban. Alal misali, sunadarin flourine da amfani sosai ga hakora, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa shi ne kara wa toothpastes. Aikace-aikace na warkewa da kuma prophylactic jamiái, wanda shi ne yanzu a cikin abun da ke ciki na sinadari sunadarin flourine, ya hana caries. Chlorine da ake amfani da su samar da hydrochloric acid wanda yake ba makawa a masana'antu da kuma magani. Chlorine da ake amfani da yi na roba, robobi, kaushi, dyes, kazalika da roba zaruruwa. Mahadi wanda dauke da wannan kashi ne a wajen noma, domin iko da kwari. Halogen chloro makawa ga bleaching na takarda da Textiles. An yi imani da cewa yin amfani da chlorine domin lura da ruwan sha ne unsafe. Bromine, wanda shi ne halogen, da kuma aidin ne sau da yawa amfani da magani.

Ma'ana na halogens a rayuwar mutum shi ne babba. Idan muka kwatanta da wanzuwar mutãne, ba tare da halogens, dã mun an hana abubuwa kamar hotuna, antiseptic da disinfectant, roba, roba, linoleum, da kuma waɗansu da yawa. Bugu da kari, wadannan abubuwa da ake bukata da jikin mutum to aiki yadda ya kamata, wato, taka muhimmiyar rawa nazarin halittu. Ko da yake da kaddarorin halogens da kuma kama, rawar da suka taka a masana'antu da kuma magani ne daban-daban.