Tatar holidays. Culture of Tatarstan

Tatarstan - daya daga cikin mafi asali na Rasha Federation. Al'adu na yankin ne ban sha'awa biyu a cikin kasar da kuma a cikin sauran duniya. Babu shakka cewa akwai raba Tatar holidays cewa ne na musamman. Kamar dukan al'adu na al'umma, su ne na musamman sha'awa.

Territory hadisai

A Rasha, mafi wuya a sami wani batu da cewa zai zama haka a hankali tsare su kasa memory kuma a aika da shi daga tsara zuwa tsara. Tatar hadisai sun ga asalin zamanin da, lauye da addini, suka ba da fitarwa da sosai musamman da al'adunsu.

Kamar yadda misalai na peculiar kawai ga abubuwa na Tatarstan za a iya kira na musamman ayyukan hajji a haihuwar yaro (ya hada da wani sa na bi da bi rituals - ebilek, avyzlandyru, bogeyman munchasy, bogeyman ashy), courtship ango ga amarya (daga nan ya zama sananne a duk faɗin ƙasar da irin wannan al'ada, a matsayin sadaki), bikin aure (wannan al'ada da ya faru a dama, saukarwa da kuma iya wuce har zuwa watanni shida).

Bangaskiya, da kuma ayyukan hajji

Tatars - tsohuwar mabiya addinin Musulunci. Musulunci karfi shiga cikin ainihin na wannan al'umma, haka exerting wata babbar tasiri a kan ta ainihi. Musulunci hadisai ne da rai a yau, sabili da haka ba abin mamaki bane cewa Tatar kasa addini holidays rayayye bikin a kwanakin nan namu. Don koma zuwa bikin hade tare da bangaskiya, ko da akwai wasu sunayen - Gaeta da Bairam. Special girmamawa dadin bukukuwanku na addini kishin azumi, sadaka da muhimmanci kwanakin a rayuwar Annabi Muhammadu.

spring holidays

Spring - wani lokaci na musamman da a cikin rayuwa na Tatar mutane. Wannan lokaci na shekara ko da yaushe ya zo da shi a dumi maraba da cewa ya dade ko da addini da aka gani a matsayin farkon wani sabon abu, da koma rayuwa yanayi. Saboda haka a sarari yake cewa a wannan kakar alama a fairly manyan Tatar kasa holidays. Daya daga cikin mafi tsoho na wadannan bukukuwan ne ake kira "Kara Boz Boz kwaro" da kuma ake dangantawa da dogon-jiran narke. Kamar yadda ka sani, abu na farko da cewa ya zo da shi a narke - wani taro na kankara daga ruwa jikinsu, don haka wannan taron ne yawanci bikin a matsayin na farko nasarar spring a kan hunturu overstayers tafi.

Spring Sabuwar Shekara

Wadannan kwanaki, watakila mafi muhimmanci spring hutu Novruz Bayrami ne - da rabo a kan vernal equinox. A gaskiya, wannan rana ne wani real Sabuwar Shekara ne Lunar Musulunci kalanda. A Tatarstan kayyade rana ne bikin a kan wani babban sikelin, shi ya yanke shawarar zuwa yi tasbĩhi da shi a cikin wani da'irar iyali, yayin da a kan tebur dole ba jita-jita na wake, Peas, shinkafa. wadannan bukukuwan ne na musamman, da suka suna da za'ayi noisily da kuma farin ciki ga dukan mutanen da aka yi ĩmãni ya kawo sa'a da kuma farin ciki ga dukan shekara. A takaice, da Tatar spring festival ne mai iyali tarihi, bayar da tasu gudunmuwar da tabbatarwa daga iyali dangantaka.

Hydyrlez

A zamanin d al'adun al'ummai da yawa a cikin ko ta wani hanya da alaka da dabbõbi kiwo da kuma aikin noma. Babu togiya, kuma Tatars. Daga a tarihi mai nisa suka yi aka gudanar a babban girma craft makiyayi. Pastoral hadisai cike da Tatar hutu Hydyrlez, ya lura a farkon watan Mayu. A zamanin da, wannan bikin musamman girmama da kuma lura, kamar yadda mai mulkin, biyu-kwana uku.

Kamar yadda ayyukan hajji a cikin wannan hutu zamar masa dole ba masana'antu musamman burodi - kalaki wanda aka toya cikin wani zafi ash. Babban bikin faru a kan lokaci na Hydyrleza yamma. Traditional abubuwa na wadannan bukukuwan - bonfires, ta hanyar abin da na tsallen biyu manya da yara. A Hydyrlez Tatars yanke shawarar fara spring pastoral aiki, wanda kuma yana nufin zamanin da zama na mutane. An ce, wannan bikin ne ma sosai rare daga cikin Crimean Tatars da related Gagauz.

Sabantuy

Babu bikin ba a sani wajen kasar kamar yadda Sabantuy - Tatar hutu kishin farkon aikin. Yanzu alama wannan biki a kan Yuni 23, amma a zamanin da, da kwanan wata zaba dattawa, dattawa zaba kauyuka. Jim kadan kafin a fara hutu da yara tafi zuwa ga baƙi da wani request ba su bi. The tattara kayayyakin yara a kawo shi gida, da kuma riga akwai mace da rabi na iyali shirya su domin safe sha tebur. A musamman, da hankali da aka biya zuwa hutu rikici, wannan yanka kira "Rooks 'porridge'. Bayan karin kumallo da muka fara bikin, da farko na wanda - tarin qwai yara. Bugu da ari, wadannan qwai da aka fentin a launi daban-daban. A cikin gidajen gasa buns, pretzels, kananan bukukuwa na kullu - baursaks.

Babban bikin kamata faru a cikin murabba'ai (a kan Tatar - "Maidan"). Daya daga cikin shahararrun gasa - da yãƙi, a cikin sashes, kuresh. A lokaci guda auku a kan gudu gasar, inda dukkan mahalarta suna raba da shekaru kungiyoyin. Match kammala tsalle.

Yau Sabantuy - Tatar hutu, wanda samu matsayi na babban kasa bikin Tatarstan. An yi bikin ba kawai a kauyuka amma kuma a cikin yankunan da manyan birane. Har ila yau, ya fara wani gwaninta gasa domin mawaƙa, da rawa.

Zhyen

Traditional bikin na Tatar mutane sau da yawa ne ba tare da hakki ba, da dangantaka da fara daga wani lokaci a cikin m tafiyar matakai. Shi ne ba togiya da Zhyen - wani bikin yi wa alama da kammala ayyukan a cikin filin da kuma fara mowing hay. A tsufa Zhyen lura, bayan ya dawo gida Tartar kauyuka dattawan da suka dawo gida bayan kurultays (na kowa taro fi na daban-daban Tatar al'ummomi). Duk da haka, a kan lokaci da al'adar wannan biki ya canza. Mazauna wasu kauyuka aka kira su zuwa ga sauran makwabta. A baƙi kawo tare da su kyautai: abinci, da kayan ado, handicrafts aka yi da itace da kuma karfe, articles na masana'anta, fentin a kan ta musamman lokaci kuraye tafi wani bikin. Ga kowane sabon baƙi rufe biki tebur. Total abincin dare yana farawa lokacin da gaban dukan baƙi.

Zhyen ma za a iya kira wani irin biki ga amarya da ango. By Tatar hadisin akwai sosai kadan bikin, inda duka maza da mata ne damar sadarwa tare da juna. Zhyen - daya daga cikin wadanda holidays. A taro festivities matasa kokarin samun wani rai, ma'auransa, kuma iyayensu, bi da bi, kuma kokarin samun mai kyau game for kids.

Salamat

Daga cikin gargajiya bukukuwa na Tatarstan, wanda aka yi bikin a cikin kaka, mafi sananne Salamat - wani bikin keɓe wa ƙarshen girbi. The sunan hutu ne babban bukukuwan tebur bi, hatsi Salamatty. An yi da garin alkama da Boiled madara. Wannan tasa ake yi da mace ɓangare na iyali, namiji da rabi na wannan a wannan lokaci gayyace zuwa ziyarci dangi da abokai. Sa'an nan dukan taru a liyafa tebur, inda a Bugu da kari ga porridge halarci darussa daga waɗanda kayayyakin da cewa kawai aka tattara. Kamar yadda wani bi bayan cin abinci zuwa dõgara shayi.

Ramadan

Culture of Tatarstan, kamar yadda ya zama jazaman, ya shafi hankali lauye da Musulunci. Saboda haka cewa mazaunan yankin la'akari da shi da addini wajibi na azumi a lokacin da tara, da wata mai tsarki na kalandar Musulunci, da ake kira Ramadan.

Post - daya daga masu yawa ginshiƙai Musulunci. A gaskiya, wannan wata ne da kõwa fãce da zamani domin tsarkake kai mai bi na gaskiya a biyu da jiki da kuma ruhaniya sharuddan. Post (ko Soum) ya shafi abstinence daga cin abinci, taya, barasa, shan taba, m lamba. A ban a kan cewa na karshe daga alfijiri zuwa magariba kowace ranar wata mai tsarki. Duk wadannan matakan kwadaitar da aminci ga rabuwa zunubi nufi da mugun nufi.

Kalla Soum bashi duk adult da lafiya Musulmi, ko da jinsi. Relief a cikin post iya samun kawai matafiya, kazalika da mata (saboda haila kuma lactation). Matsayin biyan bashin asasshe suka dole ne ko ta yaya taimaka wani azumi. Tatar hadisai girmama azumi. Ramadan ya ƙare da wani babban-sikelin bikin kira Eid al-Fitr.

Eid al-Fitr

A na gaba watan Shawwal bayan Ramadan ne. Da farko rana - wani bikin Eid al-Fitr, bikin alamar karshen azumi. A wannan rana, bi da karshe jiran irin wannan dogon-awaited da warwarewarsu ga azumi m. Kamar sauran addini Tatar holidays, Eid al-Fitr ne a karkashin wata na farko daya daga cikin matakai na tsarkake kai mai bi na gaskiya da kuma inganta harkokin da samuwar karfi iyali dangantaka. A wannan rana mutane tara a matsayin daya babban iyali, kuma ku ciyar haka daga safe zuwa dare, saboda tsoho Musulmi imani, zo wannan taron da kuma rayukan matattu dangi.

Overall, da hutu da aka alama murna sosai inuwa, duk da fatan cewa Eid zai kawo su farin ciki da kuma ci gaba ga dukan gaba shekara. A ranar to karya azumi wajibi ne a gabatar da daban-daban nisha events, da kuma a biranen bikin da ake gudanar da wani aiki cinikayya.

Eid al Adha-

Tatar holidays ba za a iya mayalwaci bayyana ba tare da ya ambaci irin wannan bikin, a matsayin Eid al-Adha. An yi bikin a kowace shekara daga 10th to 13th ranar da Musulmi watan Zul-Hijjah. Yana dogara ne a kan ƙarshen Hajj - da aikin hajji a alfarma Musulunci addini shafukan. wannan biki yakan haifar da wata hadaya domin kare kanka da Allah. Eid al-Adha - mafi girma a addini bikin ba kawai a Tatarstan, amma kuma a ko'ina cikin duniyar Musulmi.

Wannan bikin ya koma zuwa ga biography na Kur'ani daya daga cikin annabawa - Ibrahim. A cewar labari, da zarar Madaukaki Ya yi masa tattalin wani gwajin: tabbatar da soyayya a gare shi, Ibrahim da aka zamar masa dole ya yi hadaya da ƙaunataccen ɗana zuwa sama, Ismail. Ibrahim ya tsayar da ta tabbatar da dalilin gudanar da wannan tsari, amma saboda GD, da imani da Annabi nufi da bai so mutuwar dansa, Ismail yarda ka bar su da rai, amma a maimakon haka ya yi hadaya da dabba.

Tun daga nan, Musulmai girmama Ibrahim feat a kan Eid al-Adha yi da na al'ada kashe na dabba. Ma'anar wannan al'ada ne to bi model na daya daga cikin shahararrun addini Annabãwa waɗanda suke a cikin sunan soyayya ga Allah da aka shirya don matuƙar hadaya. Nama na dabba bayan da hadaya mafi yawa ana zuwa kashi uku sassa. Daya ke waɗanda suke shan wuya, da sauran - mumini ta iyali, da kuma na uku, kowane musulmi zai iya ci gaba.

"Waɗanda haife rana"

Disamba 25 - musamman rana cikin sharuddan Tatar hadisai. Wannan rana ne bikin Nardugan (a translation daga Tatar - "haife na Sun"), wanda, kamar Novruz Bayram, za a iya gani a matsayin wani Sabuwar Shekara ta biki. Wannan shi ne da farko da rabo daga matasa. Babban kashi na hutu - gargajiya da raye-raye da kuma songs. Sun mutane, kamar yadda ya saba, je zuwa gidajensu, inda masu izni su ne wadannan sosai musamman batun. Dance part kunshi dama hawan keke: gaisuwa, godiya ga masu, fortunetelling dance, ban kwana. A musamman ɓangare na bikin ya kamata ya zama wani kaya show. The raye-raye da kuma songs of matasa sun yi kokari kowane yiwu hanya zuwa placate da mugayen ruhohi - aljannu. Ga dukan addinan, da sakamako daga cikin na gaba m sake zagayowar shi gaba daya dogara a kan wadanda wannan aljannu, don haka idan ka so su, ba za su tsoma baki tare da girbi. Don yin wannan, yin raye-raye kamar wani mikakke, rawa da tumaki, da karnuka rawa. Wadannan rituals zama a wannan rana a wasu Tatar kauyuka.

jama'a holidays

Tatarstan a zamaninmu - wani muhimmanci batu na Rasha Federation. Duk da haka, da yankin ya dade da aka yi iƙirarin kai gwamnati da kuma 'yancin kai. Bayan rasa mulkin a 1552, da Kazan Khanate ya zama wani ɓangare na Muscovy, daga baya ya canza kama zuwa da Rasha Empire. A Jihar waɗannan ƙasashe an kira kawai - Kazan lardin, game da duk wani ambato na renaming Tatarstan daga cikin tambaya.

Kawai a 1920 da Tatar cin gashin kanta Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar aka kasaftawa a matsayin wani ɓangare na Rasha Soviet Federative Socialist Jamhuriyar. 30 ga watan Agusta, 1990 an yi yunkurin samun 'yancin kai: a kan wannan rana, Majalisar Koli na Tatarstan ya yanke shawarar ya bayyana jihar Mulki na Jamhuriyar.

Duk da haka, bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, da yankin ya yanke shawarar zama a cikin Rasha Federation matsayin daya daga cikin abokai - Jamhuriyar Tatarstan. Duk da haka, tun 30 ga watan Agusta ne bikin kamar yadda Rãnar Tatarstan a cikin samuwar na jamhuriyar. Wannan kwanan ne a jamhuriyar-fadi da hutu da kuma babban jihar hutu yankin. Sauran Tatar jihar-matakin bukukuwa zo daidai da All-Rasha - ne Nasara Day, International mata Day, Labor Day, rãnar wakĩli na Fatherland.

musamman hadisai

Rungumar, za mu iya kawai mamaki iri-iri na Tatar al'adu. A gaskiya, shi aka weaved kome: mutane na kwarewa, tarihi memory, addini da tasirinsa da zamani events. Daya iya wuya sami wani irin wannan mutane da irin wannan bambancin da bukukuwa. Ba ka da zuwa ga jayayya da na karshe sanarwa - inda kuma a cikin Rasha Sabuwar Shekara ta Hauwa'u za a iya bikin kamar yadda sau uku? Saboda haka daya kawai ƙarshe: Tatar al'ada cancanci ci gaba da m watsa wa ƙaramar zamaninsu.