Takardar shaida nagartacce: Rosstandart. Yanke shawara a kan takardar shaida nagartacce

A cikin watan Satumba 2010, a hukuncin da aka bayar da gwamnatin Rasha, a cikin abin da hanya wajabta takardar shaida nagartacce. Rosstandart ɓullo da shiriya takardun ga shiriya a tabbatar da uniformity na ma'aunai. Bayani game da bokan ji nagartacce ana gabatar a bayanai Federation Asusun, kuma, da ita da tabbatar da uniform misali a fadin kasar. Mene ne takardar shaida matsayin, Rosstandart m consistently kuma fahimce, cewa shi ne daidai da abin da za a yi la'akari a cikin wannan labarin.

Mene ne daidaitattun

A misali raka'a jiki yawa (ji standard) ya kira aunawa nufin ko da wani sa na su, wanda aka yi nufi ga adanar da (ko) da sake kunnawa na naúra, kuma a aika da ta size ji nufin ta ƙananan k makirci. Wannan aunawa nufin (ko wani hadadden nufin) amince a matsayin misali kafa hanya, wanda shi ne takardar shaida nagartacce. Rosstandart samar wa ta babban hanya na wasu rubutu.

Da fari dai, da tunani zane, shi ne mai sa na dũkiyarsu da kuma hanyoyin haifuwa naúrar kayyade yanayin da jiki yawa, da matakin na ji kayan aiki a wannan yanki. Abu na biyu, Rosstandart takardar shaida matsayin samar da kawai a cikin akwati inda tunani yana akalla uku da muhimmanci fasali, tare da juna a hankali alaka. Wannan immutability, reproducibility da slichaemost.

Standards na firamare da kuma sakandare

1. A primary misali (primary standard) ya kira daya cewa samar da sake kunnawa naúrar tare da mafi daidaici a kasar idan aka kwatanta da bukatunsu na wannan naúrar. A nan, kuma, yin bayanin kula Rosstandart. Metrological takardar shaida ma'aunansa na Properties (kawai primary matsayin raka'a) ba a dogara a kan kaddarorin wasu metrology matsayin, inda ya auna yawa daga cikin wannan naúrar.

2. A primary kira da musamman misali wanda ya mayar da naúrar karkashin takamaiman yanayi, Ina nufin a high da kuma ultrahigh mitoci a low kuma high kuzari, yanayin zafi, matsawar, a karkashin yanayi na musamman, da kuma irin abubuwa. Kuma a cikin wadannan lokuta amfani da hanya ɓullo da kototye Rosstandart. Takardar shaida matsayin haifuwa naúrar a karkashin yanayi na matsananci bayani dalla-dalla, da za'ayi bisa ga dokokin a kan su.

3. Secondary misali (secondary standard) ya kira daya cewa na'am da girman da naúrar daga primary misali na naúra da kanta. Wadannan sun hada da aiki matsayin, ma'aunansa na kofe da kuma tunani nagartacce, wanda za a tattauna a kasa.

Reference misali da tushen

1. A misali na kwatanta (canja wurin standard) ya kira wani sakandare, wanda aka yi amfani don kwatanta, idan farko ba zai iya zama kai tsaye collating. Takardar shaida matsayin raka'a Rosstandart umurci hali da kuma a irin haka.

2. Tunani misali (reference standard) ya kira daya cewa yana da mafi metrological halaye mãsu samuwa ga irin wannan ji a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, a cikin sha'anin, kungiyar, ma'aikata ko hukuma a yankin, kasar ko musamman kungiyar kasashen . An samu daga asalin tunani ƙuduri raka'a ƙarƙashin shi ta hanyar wani ma'auni kayan aiki.

A nan, tare da girmamawa ga takardar shaida matsayin raka'a Rosstandart ya kuma bamu biyu rubutu. Na farko, wasu CIS kasashe amfani maimakon na asali misali na biyu da ya bada da mai kula da misali guda ɗaya size, shi ne na farko Tutar kasar. Na biyu, wadanda matsayin cewa su ne m fiye a cikin na farko k makirci ne sau da yawa kira nagartacce qarqashinsu.

Etalon-kwafi na wani aiki, da kuma jihar misali

1. A misali kwafin-kira na biyu, wanda aka tsara a aika da misali guda ɗaya size of wani aiki, shi ya maye gurbin, a wasu lokuta wajaba a kansa, ko da wani primary misali, ko da yake ba ko da yaushe wani daidai kwafin daga cikin jiki. Takardar shaida matsayin raka'a ne sosai m iya amfani da wannan hanya.

2. The aiki misali (aiki misali) ne ake kira secondary watsarwa naúrar size ne mafi m model na nufin na ji.

3. Jihar farko misali ne na farko, da shawarar da izini jihar jiki gane tushen a cikin ƙasa na cewa State. An misali na irin wannan takardar shaida matsayin raka'a iya zama jama'a nagartacce kilogram -meter, a karo na biyu, Kelvin, ampere, Newton, candela, Pascal, Bq, volt.

Domin jihar farko misali na naúrar akwai wasu sharudda: su ne ko da yaushe a cikin tarayya dukiya da kuma ba batun sayar da kamfanonin, abin da shardanta da dacewa dokokin. Suna amfani da adana a jihar Research Center of Metrology.

Standards kasa da kasa da na kasa da kasa

A kasa misali (kasa misali) ne ake kira hukumance gane a matsayin tushen a cikin kasar. A ainihi, wannan ra'ayi ya zo daidai da definition na jihar misali, game da abin da akwai na musamman yanke shawara a kan takardar shaida nagartacce. Saboda haka, wannan lokaci ya shafi lokuta dole kwatancen na ma'aunansa na kasashe daban-daban tare da kasa da kasa misali, kazalika ga madauwari kwatancen (ga yawan kasashen nagartacce). Amma da farko, kowace kasa da za'ayi da takardar shaida ma'aunansa na size. Rosstandart ikirarin girma daga kowane naúrar a kasar.

International misali (duniya standard) ya kira daya soma da kasa da kasa yarjejeniya a matsayin kasa da kasa akai ga harmonization na size raka'a, wanda aka adana da kuma taka leda a baya a matsayin kasa nagartacce. Alal misali, samfur kilogram wanda aka adana a cikin BIPM, da'awar da farko Janar taron na kaya masu nauyi da kuma Matakan (CGPM).

Standards na guda da kungiyar

Single misali kira da wanda tsarin akwai daya kawai ma'auni na'urar (misali inji, aunawa kayan aiki, ko awo) domin ajiya da kuma (ko) da sake kunnawa na wani naúrar. Lokacin da kara bisa Rosstandart, takardar shaida matsayin, umurni Tarayya Agency for Metrology da kuma Technical Regulation a cika mũdu kamata a da za'ayi tsananin. Su ƙayyade domin na shawara da takardun da wucewa da su ga takardun aiki don tabbatar da cikakken uniformity na ma'aunai, a cikin abin da wuri za wannan ayyuka suna da za'ayi.

Reference kungiyar (gama standard) ya kira wani tunani, inda m tarawa ji yana nufin guda da irin ko kewayon maras dabi'u amfani tare don inganta daidaito ko haifuwa naúrar for adanar shi. Group nagartacce ne m, ko m abun da ke ciki. A sakamakon haka ne da ilmin lissafi nufin bayan da ji raka'a ko guda irin tunani ma'auni kida.

Tafiya matsayin da reference sa

Reference sa (kungiyar standard) kira da tunani, wanda ya kunshi mai sa na daban-daban ma'auni kida, to, ya zama zai yiwu don adana daya ko ya mayar da ita a united jeri daga gare ta. Domin wannan irin ji matsayin, akwai kuma wani littãfi (Rosstandart). takardar shaida matsayin faruwa a lokuta na bukatar rufe wani yanki na jiki yawa dabi'u.

Hawa na AVC (tafiya standard) misali ne sau da yawa na musamman shiri wanda aka yi nufi ga safarar zuwa wurin kwatancen nagartacce ko wani takamaiman naúrar k (k) ji wajen. Takardar shaida na ma'aunansa na Rosstandart naúrar ciyarwa wani mataki. Mariƙin matsayin farko shirya wani kunshin da takardu (da lambar oda 36 na 2014), wanda ya hada da takardar shaidar da farko tabbaci da kuma takardar shaida daga cikin misali fasfo da aikace-aikace da kuma abun ciki na misali, wanda ya ƙunshi wani sashe a kan hanya da kuma tantance al'amurra. Bugu da ari misali mariƙin ne kõma da aikace-aikace a Rosstandart. Takardar shaida nagartacce bukatar ta biyayya, domin ya sami damar tabbatar da sakamakon na farko takardar shaida da kuma rikodin bayanai game da wadannan nasa tarihin a cikin registries Tarayya Information Asusun.

recertification

A misali ya zama lokaci-lokaci sami tabbaci na yarda, sai a saboda Hakika mariƙin aika da takardun jarrabawa. Idan sakamakon ne tabbatacce shi, Rosstandart bayar da umarnin approving da reference data, kuma shi zai zama dalilin shigar da wannan bayanai a cikin dace sashe na Tarayya Information Asusun.

Irin wannan matsayin bukatar takardar shaida Rosstandart za'ayi lokaci zuwa lokaci, kuma duk lokacin da mariƙin dole ne su lãbãri game da sakamakon. Ƙwararren nagartacce aka jera, wanda za a aika zuwa ga lantarki daftarin aiki management system, ga wanda mariƙin dole cika fitar da wani nau'i. Idan wani mummunan kima sakamakon a Rosstandart aika wani jami'in wasika game da unsuitability domin gyara wadanda bayanai na Tarayya Information Asusun.

Yanke shawara a kan takardar shaida nagartacce

Rosstandart - shi ne Tarayya Agency for fasaha Regulation da Metrology, wanda shine babban jiki, samar da jama'a ayyuka da kuma manajan jihar dukiya a fagen metrology da fasaha tsari. Wannan hukuma ne alhakin tun 2004 ma'aikatar kasuwanci da masana'antu na Rasha Federation. A 2010, gwamnatin soma Resolution lambar 734 da arziki Hukumar gabatarwar m bukatun ga ji nagartacce amfani a gwamnatin tsari da kuma samar da traceability.

Akwai ma ya ƙunshi bayani a kan yadda za a tantance yarda da kowane misali size raka'a wadda suke magana, da kuma hanya don canja wuri na jihar nagartacce. Wannan Regulation yana dauke da takardar sayen magani na kwatanta hanya, da abun ciki, da kuma izini da aikace-aikace na primary jihar nagartacce. Gwamnatin adari gabatar hanyoyin lokaci-lokaci da kuma sa hannu takardar shaida matsayin for kima da kuma tabbaci na yarda da dukan bukatun.

takardar shaida hanya

A matsayin da aka ba da Resolution № 734, da kuma kayyade abun da ke ciki na takardun da ake bukata domin takardar shaida matsayin hanyoyin. Su ne:

1. Bayani game da primary takardar shaida da kuma gudanar da bincike.

2. A dokoki na aikace-aikace da kuma abun ciki na misali.

3. Tabbatar da dalilin mezhattestatsionnogo tazara.

Masu bokan nagartacce iya zama mutum, 'yan kasuwa ko doka abokai. Sun aika duk takardun shirya a Rosstandart yanke shawara game da amincewa da matsayin da suka rike.

Order Rosstandart

A Janairu 2014 akwai wani tsari da lambar 36 Rosstandart, wanda ya bayyana a kan yardar da farko, cancantar da kuma lokaci-lokaci kazalika a kan shirye-shiryen da matsayin da yabo.

Yana shafi ji nagartacce amfani a gwamnatin tsari da kuma uniformity na ma'aunai. Takardar shaida dole ne a da za'ayi a kan shawarwari, wanda ya ƙunshi tara aikace-aikace ne da kwatancin na matakai na primary takardar shaida (Annex 1) kuma lokaci-lokaci (Annex 9).

ayyuka Rosstandart

Metrology Office of Tarayya Agency a cikin shakka daga cikin takardar shaida ma'aunansa na da wadannan ayyuka:

1. shiga da aikace-aikace da kambun.

2. SHEDAN na kayan da cewa samar da mariƙin tare da dukan bukatun da Rasha dokokin.

3. Samar da wani daftarin domin da mataimakin shugaban Tarayya Agency for fasaha Regulation da Metrology na yabo a kan sa hannu misali.

4. Yi rikodin ji nagartacce.

5. bayar kwafin domin a kan yardar da misali mariƙin.

6. Cika a cikin lissafin journal batun kofe na domin na yarda.

Next FSUE "VNIIMS" ma'anar da tunani lambar da takardar shaidar da tabbatarwa, wanda na taimaka wa ilmi tushe.

binciken

Takardar shaida matsayin - volumetric aiki, wanda yana da za'ayi ba kawai kungiyar Rosstandart (FMC GNMI), amma sosai mutum, 'yan kasuwa ko doka abokai dake dauke da jihar da kuma amfani da matsayin da babu wani uniformity na ma'aunai.

Domin 2016 a Rasha akwai wani littãfi na 65 688 amince nagartacce. Alal misali, FBU "Rostov UCM" kasa tabbata 2016 nagartacce a 1125, da FBU "Volgograd Buttfuck" - 657, FBU "Krasnodar CSM" - 1256, da FBU "Stavropol Buttfuck" - 704, da kuma FBU "Crimean Buttfuck" - 417.