Takaitacciyar da "Kalevala". Karelian-Finnish almara waka

Almara - a wallafe-wallafen Genre, kamar mai zaman kanta kamar yadda shayari kuma wasan kwaikwayo, ta gaya game da m baya. Ya ko da yaushe girma dogon miƙa a lokacin da sarari da kuma musamman m. "Kalevala" - Karelian-Finnish almara shayari. Ga hamsin jama'a songs (runes) sung heroes of "Kalevala". Tarihi da asali a cikin wadannan songs ba samuwa. kasada heroes ne zalla shahararre hali. Single labarin, kamar yadda a cikin "Iliad" almara, ma, yana ba, amma a takaice na "Kalevala" za a gabatar a nan.

almara Processing

Karelian jama'a almara ya fara aiwatar da rikodin kawai a cikin karni na sha tara. Shahararren Finnish likita da kuma masanin ilimin harsuna Elias Lonnrot an tattara daban-daban versions na almara songs, yin selection, kokarin mãkirci ga mahaɗi a mutum sassa da juna. A farko edition na "Kalevala" da aka buga a 1835, da kuma kawai bayan kusan shekaru goma sha biyar - na biyu. A cikin Rasha da harshen Finnish almara ya aka canjawa wuri a cikin 1888 kuma aka buga a cikin "pantheon daga Wallafe-wallafe" mawãƙi L. P. Belskim. Jama'a ra'ayi amounted zuwa wani gagarimin "Kalevala" - da adabi da kuma tsabta tushen sabon bayani game da pre-Kirista addini ra'ayoyi da kabilanci Karelian Finns.

The sunan almara ya ba da kansa Lönnrot. Kalevala - ya sunan kasar da rayuwa da kuma yin feats na kasa heroes. Kawai sunan kasar kadan guntu - Kaleva, saboda kari na baya baki la harshen wakiltar kawai location: zaune a Kaleva. Wannan inda mutane suka saukar da heroes: Väinämöinen, Ilmarinen, Lemminkäinen - duk uku daga cikinsu aka sung a matsayin 'ya'yan wannan albarka ƙasar.

A abun da ke ciki na almara

Waka na hamsin runes kafa wata iri-iri na mutum songs - akwai lyrical da almara, kuma ko da sihiri ciki. Lönnrot rubuce mafi tsaye daga bakin baƙauye, da kuma wasu sun riga an rubuta da haraji na almara. Mafi song gefuna kasance a Rasha Karelia a Olonets lardin da kuma ƙare a Arkhangelsk, a kan gaba na Lake Ladoga da Finnish Karelia, akwai tunawa da mutanen da ta kiyaye sosai, sosai.

Shizuka bai nuna mana tarihi suke da su, da wani yaki tare da sauran al'ummai, a can ne ba a nuna. Haka kuma, ba nuna kuma da mutane, kuma cikin al'umma, kuma bã a jihar, duka a Rasha epics. A runes duk mulki ta hanyar iyali, kuma ko da iyali dangantaka ba kafa a raga domin Knights da ransa.

Knights

A tsohon maguzancin imani Karels ba almara heroes, ba kawai jiki ƙarfi, kuma ba sosai da mutane da yawa ikon sihiri, da ikon jefa lokatai, don fara magana, tinkering sihiri kayayyakin gargajiya. A heroes da kyautar lycanthropy zai iya juya kowa a cikin wani abu, tafiya, nan take motsi a wani nesa, kuma don sarrafa yanayin da kuma na yanayi mamaki. Ko a takaice na "Kalevala" ba za ta yi ba tare da ba dama events.

Songs na Karelian-Finnish almara, bambancin, da kuma shige da su a cikin guda mãkirci ba zai yiwu ba. The "Kalevala", kamar sauran epics, halittar duniya. Yana bayyana rana, da taurari, da watã, rana, duniya. iska ya ya haifa Väinämöinen, shi zai zama protagonist na almara, wanda zai ba da ƙasa, kuma shuka sha'ir. Daga cikin mutane da yawa da bambance bambancen Kasadar da gwarzo da ta faru da kuma abin da zai iya isa ga babban eyeballs, ko da yake filamentous mãkirci.

m jirgin ruwan

Väinämöinen gana da damar da Virgin na Arewa, kamar yadda kyau a matsayin rana. A mayar da martani ga wani tsari aure shi, ta amince a kan yanayin cewa gwarzo na da wani ɓaɓɓake daga cikin dogara sanda zai yi wani sihiri jirgin ruwan mata. Wahayi zuwa warrior haka da wazo saita zuwa aiki, da cewa gatari iya tsayayya da kuma ji rauni kansa. Jini ba kwanta daga barin, na yi ziyarci mayya likita. Yana gaya yadda akwai baƙin ƙarfe.

Mayya likita ya taimaka, amma da gwarzo ba a mayar da su. Ya dauke da sihiri kakansa, iska, wanda ya samu kuma Muka tsĩrar da mafi kere Smith - Ilmarinen a Poholu, arewacin kasar. Maƙeri ƙirƙira yin biyayya ga Arewa na Virgin sihiri niƙa na Sampo, ya kawo farin ciki da kuma arziki. Waɗannan abubuwan sun hada da na farko goma almara runes.

cin amanar kasa

A cikin goma sha ɗaya Shizuka yana da wani sabon jaruntakar hali - Lemminkäinen, gaba daya wuce baya events na songs. Wannan warlike gwarzo, mai real sihiri mai girma da kuma lover of mata. Gabatar da dalibai zuwa sabon gwarzo, labarin ya dawo ya Vyaynyamoynenu. Wannan kawai ba dole ba ne outlive masoya dan wasa da ya yi da abin zamba: shi ko da a cikin jahannama sauko, bari kansa a lõma da giant Viipunenu, amma har yanzu samu sihiri kalmomi da aka bukata don gina jiragen na wani dogara sanda a kan abin da ya shiga jirgin ruwa zuwa Poholu aure.

Ba a bit na shi. Arewa Yankan a lokacin rashi na gwarzo yana da lokaci zuwa fada cikin soyayya tare da masterful Smith Ilmarinen da kuma aure shi, ya ƙi wani sashe da ya kalma ba Vyaynyamoynenu. Akwai su da yawa, kuma ya bayyana a cikin daki-daki, ba kawai na bikin aure, da dukan da kwastan da kuma hadisai, su ne ma songs cewa an sung akwai, bayyanãwa da taƙawa, kuma nauyin da miji ga matarsa da matar da mijinta. Yana ƙare da wannan labarin line kawai a cikin ashirin da biyar song. Abin takaici, shi ne a takaice na "Kalevala" ba kawai yake ƙauna, da kuma da yawa cikakken bayani game da wadannan surori.

bakin ciki labarin

Next shida runes gaya na swashbuckling Kasadar na Lemminkäinen a arewacin gefen - a Pohole, inda a can ne Arewa, ba kawai ba budurwa ba, amma a karye ruhu, wani hali mugu, son kai da kuma acquisitive. A shekara ta talatin da farko Shizuka fara daya daga cikin mafi iya shiga da kuma warai son sha'awa gajejjeran labaru, daya daga cikin mafi kyau sassa na dukan almara.

Domin biyar songs gaya na bakin ciki rabo daga mai ban mamaki gwarzo Kullervo, wanda rashin sani rantsuwa da halakarwar da nasa 'yar'uwarsu. Lokacin da dukan halin da ake ciki saukar da heroes da kuma gwarzo da kansa, da 'yar'uwarsa ba zai iya kai svershonny zunubi kuma ya mutu. Wannan ne mai matukar bakin ciki labarin, rubuta (kuma tabbas fassara) mai ladabi, iya shiga, tare da mai girma gabar juyayi ga al'adar haka mai tsanani azabtar da haruffa. Almara "Kalevala" ba mai yawa scenes inda soyayya ne sung ga iyaye, to yara, to uwar yanayi.

yaki

Wadannan runes ya bayyana yadda za a hada uku heroes (ciki har da Tir maƙeri) domin kawar da mugunta Arewa budurwa sihiri taska - Sampo. Heroes "Kalevala" bai daina. A nan, da yaƙi, ba zai warware wani abu, kuma aka yanke shawarar, kamar yadda ko da yaushe, to koma ga sihiri. Väinämöinen, kamar yadda mu guslar Novgorod Sadko, gina wa kansa m kayan aiki - kantele, makari wasan yanayi da lulled duk 'yan Arewa. Kamar wancan ne heroes umyknuli Sampo.

Arewa uwar gida su fafare su da kuma gina su wiles har Sampo fadi a cikin teku. Yana sassaukar da Kalibu dodo, teku, dukan bala'i, kamar yadda Väinämöinen, A halin yanzu, sanya wani sabon kayan aiki, wanda ta taka har ma fiye da sihiri fiye da mayar da sata Poholy farka na da rãnã da watã. Karba guda na Sampo, da gwarzo na da yawa kyau abubuwa yi ga mutane na kasarsu, mai yawa ayyukan ƙwarai. Akwai quite dogon hadin gwiwa kasada gere kusan uku iyakar "Kalevala". Retelling wannan labarin ba zai iya maye gurbin karatu da aiki, shi ya yi wahayi zuwa yawa artists don ƙirƙirar manyan ayyukan. Wajibi ne a karanta dukkan hanya don samun wata gaskiya da yardarSa.

allahntaka Child

Saboda haka almara ya zo na karshe na ulun kuwa, sosai m. Shi kusan Afokirifa ga haihuwar da mai ceto. Maid na Kaleva - Marjatta - haifi banmamaki allahntaka ɗa. Väinämöinen ko da tsoro da iko, wanda ya jaririn makonni biyu, kuma rika kashe shi nan da nan. A jariri gwarzo qasqanta, chiding na rashin adalci. Hero da fadin. A karshe ya rera wani sihiri song, ya samu shiga mai ban mamaki jigila da kuma bar Karelia sabon da kuma mafi cancanta ga m. Kamar wancan ƙare da almara "Kalevala".

reviews

Poetic masana'anta na "Kalevala" ba ya dauke da wani guda na kowa thread haxe duk aukuwa a daya. Ko da yake, a cikin ra'ayi, a wallafe-wallafen shi ya ko da yaushe nemi da kuma ci gaba da neman. Akwai daban-daban shiriritar. E. Aspelin gano cewa wannan ra'ayin na canji na yanayi a arewacin asashe. Lönnrot, da haraji na almara, ya yi ĩmãni da cewa a nan tãtacce shaida kama arewacin Finnish ƙasashe m Karelia. Kuma da gaske - Kaleva lashe, da heroes sarrafa mallaki Poholu. Duk da haka, ra'ayin da aka suna da yawa, kuma sun kasance wani lokacin diametrically daban-daban daga juna. Ko a takaice na "Kalevala" iya ba da wani ra'ayin da girman kasa da almara.