Swim mafitsara da kifi: description, aiki

A jikin kifi ne quite hadaddun da multifunctional. Ability ya zauna karkashin ruwa iyo jan tare da yi da kuma goyon baya na zaman lafiya ne ya sa ta musamman tsarin da jiki. Bugu da kari ga saba ma ga mutum gabobin a cikin jiki da yawa karkashin ruwa mazaunan bayar m sassa, kyale su samar da buoyancy da kwanciyar hankali. Essential a cikin wannan mahallin yana da iyo mafitsara, wanda shi ne mai ci gaba da hanji. A cewar masana kimiyya da dama, jiki za a iya gani a matsayin precursor zuwa adam huhu. Amma kifi shi aikin ta Hakin, wanda ba a iyakance kawai ga wani irin balance aiki.

Formation na iyo mafitsara

A ci gaba da kumfa fara tsutsa, daga foregut. Mai ruwa tare kifi riƙe wannan jiki cikin rayuwa. A lokacin da a saki larvae a kumfa soya duk da haka ba gas abun da ke ciki. Domin ta cika toya iska zo zuwa ga surface da kuma kamawa da zama dole cakuda kadai. A mataki tayi ci gaba swimbladder kafa a matsayin outgrowth na dorsal kashin baya da kuma adana a karkashin. Daga bisani, da tashar da ta haɗu da wannan ɓangare na esophagus, vuya. Amma wannan ba duk mutane. Bisa gaban da rashi na wannan tashar kasu kashi kifi da zakryto- physostomous. A farko labari, overgrowth na iska bututu, da kuma gas an vented ta cikin jini capillaries a cikin ganuwar da kumfa. A physostomous kifi wannan jiki an haɗa da hanji ta hanyar iska bututu, da kuma a cikin abin da akwai iskar gas kau.

Gas cika mafitsara

Gas matsa lamba mafitsara ciwon daji aka stabilized. A musamman, da suka taimaka ga inganta shi, idan ya cancanta, rage kunna ja jiki kafa m capillary cibiyar sadarwa. Tun da jeri na matsin lamba a physostomous kifi ne a hankali fiye da na zakrytopuzyrnyh jinsunan, za su iya sauri tashi daga zurfin ruwa. Lokacin da kamawa kifi da masunta na biyu da irin wani lokaci ana lura da yadda iyo mafitsara protrudes daga bakinsa. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa da ganga ne inflated tare da m Yunƙurin zuwa surface daga kasa. Wadannan kifaye, musamman, za a iya dangana perch, da perch da sticklebacks. Wasu yara da cewa rayuwa a kan kasa, sun ƙwarai rage kumfa.

hydrostatic aiki

Kifi kumfa ne multifunctional jiki, amma ta babban aiki ne don daidaita yanayi daban-daban a karkashin ruwa. Wannan shi ne wani aiki na hydrostatic yanayi, wanda, ba zato ba tsammani, za a iya sauya ga sauran sassa na jiki, wanda aka tabbatar da misalai na kifi da cewa ba su da irin wannan kumfa. Duk da haka dai, babban aiki na taimaka wa kifi zama a wani zurfin, inda nauyin ruwa gudun hijira da jiki yayi dace da taro na mutum. A yi, da hydrostatic aiki na iya bayyana kamar haka: a lokacin da nutsewa cikin aiki jiki ne matsa tare da kumfa, da kuma lokacin da yin hawan, a maimakon haka, aka mike. Kan aiwatar da dipping da taro gudun hijira girma tayi zama kasa da nauyin da kifi. Sai kĩfi ya iya sauke saukar ba tare da wata wahala ba. A kasan nutse, da hakan da matsa lamba da karfi da kuma karin matsa jiki. Baya matakai faruwa a lokacin da hawan - da gas yana faɗaɗa, sakamakon wani yuwuwa taro da kifi sauƙi yakan.

azanci shine

Tare da hydrostatic aiki da wannan jiki ayyukan, da kuma a wasu hanya mai taimakon ji. Tare da shi, kifi iya gane amo da kuma vibration kalaman. Amma wannan ikon da ba duk iri - a wani category tare da wannan ikon hada da irin kifi da kuma catfish. Amma da ji na sauti kanta ta tanadar da wani iyo mafitsara, da kuma dukan rukuni na jikin wanda shi ne ke da. Special tsokoki, ga misali, zai iya fararwa vibrations kumfa ganuwar, wanda ya haddasa vibration majiyai. Abin lura shi ne cewa a wasu jinsunan da cewa suna da irin wannan kumfa, gaba daya ba a nan hydrostatics, amma kiyaye da yiwuwar ji daga sauti. Wannan ya shafi yafi benthic kifi cewa ciyar mafi rayukansu a wannan matakin a karkashin ruwa.

m ayyuka

A minnows lokacin da hadari, misali, na iya saki gas daga cikin mafitsara da kuma samar da takamaiman sauti rarrabe su congeners. Bai kamata mu tsammaci cewa sauti samuwar ne m, kuma ba za a iya gane da sauran mazaunan karkashin ruwa duniya. Gorby da kyau a san masunta humming da grunting sautuna. Bugu da ƙari, cikin iyo mafitsara da kifi gurnard samuwa, a zahiri firgita umurnin Amurka submarines a lokacin yaki - su ne don haka ma'ana da suke sauti. Yawancin wadannan cututtuka faruwa a lokacin juyayi overstrain kifi. Idan a cikin hali na wani hydrostatic mafitsara aiki aiki na faruwa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar waje matsa lamba sa'an nan sauti samuwar auku a matsayin na musamman m siginar kafa kawai kifi.

A da babu wani iyo mafitsara da kifi?

Hana wannan sashin jiki Parusnikova kifi, kazalika da nau'in da suke kusa da kasa na rayuwa. Kusan duk deepwater mutane ma yi ba tare da wani iyo mafitsara. Wannan shi ne daidai hali a lokacin da buoyancy za a iya tabbatar da madadin hanyoyin - musamman, saboda mai tarawa da kuma su ikon ba ji ƙyama. Kasance da kwanciyar hankali halin da ake ciki kuma taimaka wa low yawa daga cikin jiki a wasu kifi. Amma akwai kuma wasu ka'idojin rike da wani hydrostatic ayyuka. Alal misali, yin iyo mafitsara shark ba a bayar, don haka shi aka tilasta kula da isa zurfin nutsewa saboda aiki magudi na jiki da kuma fins.

ƙarshe

Ba don kome ba, da yawa malamai sun kõma da daidaici tsakanin mutum na numfashi gabobin da kifi mafitsara. Yana kawo wadannan alaka ta juyin halitta na jiki, a cikin mahallin da abin da ya kamata a yi la'akari da halin yanzu tsarin da kifi. Gaskiyar cewa iyo mafitsara ba samuwa a duk jinsunan kifaye, shi sa savanin. Wannan ba ya nufin cewa jiki ne da ba dole ba, amma matakai na ta atrophy da kuma rage bayar da shawarar da yiwuwar yi ba tare da wannan bangare. A wasu lokuta, da kifi da ake amfani da wannan aiki na hydrostatic ciki kitse da yawa daga cikin ƙananan jiki, da kuma sauran - da fins.