Stone - wani abu ko jiki? daban na duwatsu

Duwatsu na haihuwa mutane bai wa sihiri Properties. An yi imani da cewa a gaske arziki wanda yana da mafi daraja, da na halitta duwatsu. A kan lokaci, da akwai wani hagu. Yau, da ciwon babban yawan m Multi-canza launin haske duwatsu - mai arzikin.

Duk da haka, mutane da aka yi amfani da da kuma halitta, halitta duwatsu. A m hannun kowane mu'ujiza na dutse daukan kan wani gaske majestic view. Amma abin da ya ƙunshi batun daga kimiyya ra'ayi? Stone - wani abu ko jiki? Abin da ya kunshi da kuma abin da jinsin aka wakilta, a matsayin amfani da mutumin, da kuma abin da yake da sunan? Ka yi kokarin fahimtar.

Stone - wani abu ko jiki?

Don amsa wannan tambaya dole ne mu duk hukunci da abin da yake a jiki da kuma abu? Wani malami a cikin biyar sa a cikin darussan da na halitta tarihi yara amsa wannan tambaya.

Gawan kira dukan abubuwa rai ko maras rai yanayi. Duk da yake al'amarin - wannan shi ne abu da ta sa har cikin jiki. Wadannan matsalolin suna da nasaba,. Idan gina mai ma'ana sarkar, zai dauki kimanin kamar haka: Jiki - da abubuwa - kwayoyin - atoms - karami Tsarin hada core.

By da yanayi, da duwatsun - ne kayayyakin da kankara, chunks da kuma guda daga gare su. Saboda haka, a cikin amsar tambayar: "The dutse - wani abu ko jiki?" - Ya kamata a kula da wannan al'amari. Har ila yau, lura da cewa sinadaran da yanayin da kankara ne daban-daban, da abu na wanda suka samar da takamaiman kuma ba daya suke ba. Saboda haka ƙarshe: duwatsun - wannan abu, da kuma jiki daga cikin ra'ayoyi na daban-daban sciences.

rarrabuwa na kankara

Wannan batun da aka kullum lokaci mai tsawo zauna wani bude tambaya, kamar yadda daban-daban malaman fassara shi a kansu hanya. A sakamakon haka, da rarrabuwa daga cikin duwatsun da aka ba kawai yawa daga baya, a cikin XX karni. A kowace kasa, shi ne na al'ada. Domin Rasha da aka dauke su wani m tsarin samarwa V. Ya. Kievlenko (1973).

1. Kayan ado, ko kayan ado. Misalai: yaƙutu, da saffir, Emerald, lu'u-lu'u, lu'ulu'u, alexandrite, opal, zircon, moonstone, aquamarine, Topaz, Tourmaline, daraja, amethyst, turkos, chrysoprase, almandite, rozolit, spinel, Citrine, demantoid, spodunit, Pyrope. Duk da duwatsu subdivided cikin I, II, III da na IV na oda.
2. Semiprecious duwatsu, ko gemstones. Misalai: dutse crystal, agate, chalcedony, amber, hematite, Cajon, rauchtopaz, amazonite, labradorite, feldspar, ma'adini, rhodonite, opal talakawa, beloporit, heliotrope, ya tashi ma'adini. Duk abubuwa kasu kashi na II da kuma oda.
3. Ado. Misalai: marmara, fluorite, Celine, quartzite, dutse, Jasper, agalmatolite, gahnite, onis, dzhesplyait, katako, jet, obsidian, onis.

A mafi fadi ji, kowane irin duwatsu za a iya takaita a uku kungiyoyin:

• halitta.
• wucin gadi.
• roba.

Irin wannan rarrabuwa ne sinadaran, kamar yadda wucin gadi da kuma roba samfurori da aka shirya da dakin gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin.

Classes duwatsu, wanda aka jera a sama, a cikin rãyukansu, kuma suna da wani rabo. Alal misali, suna da nasu yanayi na musamman da kuma rarrabuwa na sunan.

Duwatsu daga sinadaran ra'ayi,

Kamar yadda muka rigaya muka gani, da abubuwa a tambaya a cikin yanayi - shi kankara. Saboda haka, daga sunadarai ra'ayi, da dutse - wani abu. A abun da ke ciki ana ƙaddara da wani hade da daban-daban da karfe oxides da kuma salts daga gare ta.

Ga misali, da sinadaran abun da ke ciki na dukkan san yaƙutu da Emerald kusan United - alumina AL ₂ Ya _3. Launi ma dabam saboda daban-daban admixtures wasu abubuwa da haske sha iya aiki.

Akwai da dama kungiyoyin da sinadaran mahadi daga cikin tamkar tsarin duk halitta, ciki har da duwatsu masu daraja.

• 'yan qasar abubuwa (lu'u-lu'u - C).
• halides.
• sulfides.
• oxides.
• phosphates.
• borates.
• sulfates.
• feldspars.
• scapolites.
• sadolity.
• carbonates.
• silicates.
• gurneti.

A kowane rukuni, irinsu na duwatsu, a cikin daruruwan iri. Sun iya bambanta ba kawai a cikin abun da ke ciki, amma kuma ta launi, siffar, size, nuna gaskiya, yawa.

jiki Properties

Daga cikin ra'ayi na kimiyya na kimiyyar lissafi, da na dutse - wannan jiki. Kuma Saboda haka, shi ne halin da kaddarorin, kamar yadda ga sauran irin wannan abubuwa: taro, da narkewa da kuma tafasar batu, yawa, launi, dandano, kamshi, da sauransu.

Duk da haka, mun san cewa da yawa daga cikin duwatsun da ba shi da wani dandano, kamshi, ba iya narke, amma kawai wani sulusi da murabba'i. Launi, kamar yadda suka kasance haka bambance bambancen da cewa shi ne kore a cikin general tsarin na wannan ma'auni ne kawai zai yiwu ba. Palette annurin masu daraja da kuma Semi-duwatsu masu daraja cikakken: daga baki da fari ga haske blue, ja, kore, rawaya, da shunayya, launukansa.

A general, akwai da dama da babban kungiyoyin na jiki halaye na duwatsu, biyu na halitta da kuma mutum da aka yi (ciki har da masu daraja).

1. Da ƙarfi, kuma da lalacewa juriya. m (dutse) za a iya ware a kan wannan nuna alama matsakaici (marmara) da kuma low ƙarfi (tuff) samfurori.
2. Yawa. Yana yayi dace da baya index. Kasu kashi nauyi - 2200 kg / m ³ da haske - karami fiye da adadi.
3. Ruwa sha iya aiki, wanda aka ƙaddara da porosity na tsarin.
4. Acid juriya. A mafi m - dutse da farar ƙasa. Quite sauƙi niƙẽwa marmara, tun da acid shiga cikin wani sunadarai dauki.

Saboda haka, za mu iya cewa da dutse - wani abu ko halitta halin da jiki, a cikinsa a yawan jiki da kuma sinadaran halaye kuma yana da babban m muhimmanci a rayuwar mutane.

halitta duwatsu

Hakika, akwai da yawa don su iya rufe duk bayanin. Amma ya fi na kowa wadanda cewa an yi amfani da mafi sau da yawa ta hanyar mutum, kokarin la'akari da.

Dubi sosai kyau da kuma daraja bayyanar yana da wani halitta dutse. Photo Stonehenge yana da kyau ya tabbatar. Ko duk da cewa wadannan samfurori ba su da wani haske launi da kuma haske, sun yaba tare da su martaba da kuma ƙawa.

jinsunan

Akwai da dama rare misalai na halitta duwatsu, wanda aka yi amfani da mutane a cikin wuri mai faɗi zane da kuma yi kasuwanci saboda ta karko, kyakkyawa, da kuma muhalli da kyakkyawar mu'amala.

1. Marmara, wanda zai iya zama daban-daban inuwa da juna (laminate ko hange). Tun zamanin da amfani kamar dutse don gine-gine ginen. Daga cikin sinadaran ra'ayi wakiltar alli carbonate CaCO _3.
2. Dutse. Shin wani abu don kammala benaye, ganuwar, cladding na gine-gine, samar da m ayyukan art (Monuments, Monuments, da dai sauransu). Daga cikin sinadaran ra'ayi ne mai hade da feldspar, ma'adini da mafic ma'adanai.
3. Sandstone. Amfani da mutane domin bayar da damar gudanar walkways, gina matakala, kwanciya da tushe. Amfani da tun lokacin da. A sunadarai abun da ke ciki na ma'adini da feldspars.
4. Travertine. Musamman m da kuma sturdy dutse, marmara m taurin. Har ila yau yana da kyau sanyi juriya. Amfani a yi kan daidai da dutse da marmara. Ya kunshi ma'adanai alli carbonate.
5. Tuff. Beautiful porous dutse, quite sako-sako da. Ana amfani don tsara shirin zane na gidãjen Aljanna, ta na gine-gine. A sunadarai yanayi - alli carbonate, silicon mahadi, volcanic ash kuma compacted lawa.
6. Jasper - kyau launin dutse amfani ga ado kare da kuma kayan ado. Yana da wani cakuda silicon mahadi da baƙin ƙarfe oxides.

Akwai irin wannan da na kowa duwatsu kamar allo tas, basalt, dolomite, farar ƙasa, da sauransu, wanda aka yi amfani da ko'ina a cikin yi kasuwanci da ake kullum amfani da mutumin. Halitta dutse, photos na wanda za a iya gani a cikin labarin, daya daga yau mafi mashahuri abu don ciki da ado.

Wucin gadi duwatsu: rarrabuwa

Irin Tsarin za a iya raba hudu main kungiyoyin:

• acrylic.
• polyester.
• ma'adini agglomerates.
• jefa marmara.

Babban alama kowane daga cikinsu - shi ne cewa aka halitta su artificially da mutum, sabili da haka ba ya faruwa a free form a yanayi. Dũkiyõyinsu, ba na baya da kuma wani lokacin m, takovyk halitta samfurori.

Babban filin na amfani - Manufacturing countertops, sinks, nuni da ganuwar, benaye, taga sills da sauran saman.

Duwatsu a cikin ruwa - da iri da kaddarorin

Sea duwatsu - wani muhimmin kashi na ado ga aquariums, dakunan wanka, ciki ado a cikin wani dace style. Su ne da kyau sosai, bambancin a form, size da kuma launi, ko da yaushe jawo hankalin da hankali.

Abin da irin wannan Tsarin zama?

1. Coquina. Halitta dutse, kafa a ƙarni na lemun tsami da kuma harsashi da wani ɓaɓɓake daga cikin ruwa mazaunan tekuna da ruwaye. Shi yana da kyau Milky dace da amfani a yi bayani dalla-dalla. Yadu a yi amfani da ado da zane.
2. Lu'u-lu'u. Yana nufin wani halitta teku duwatsu ga abin da yake cikin samfurin na rayuwa Shelly Shellfish. Amfani da kayan ado, shi ne sosai nuna godiya ga ƙarfi, kyakkyawa da karko.
3. Murjãni. Zaka kuma iya kiran su teku duwatsu, saboda ta same su juya a cikin wani sosai ɗamfarar jũna, kafa ta calcareous ma'adanai, ma'adini da kuma kayayyakin da muhimmanci ayyuka na mazaunan teku - polyps. Very bambancin a launi, su ne mafi m abubuwa a Popular aquariums. Amfani da kayan ado.

Watau teku duwatsu - shi ne na dabba asalin, kafa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar gishiri da ruwa da kuma rayayyun kwayoyin halitta.

duwatsu masu daraja

A mafi m, m da kyau da duwatsu - shi ne haƙĩƙa m. Bayan su suka yi jihãdi, ganin darajarsa, da suka da aka gabatar a matsayin alamar girmamawa da kuma soyayya, da suka nuna alamar iko da ƙarfi. Shi yana tare da duwatsu masu daraja a hade da yawa Legends, sihiri ikon su da tasiri a jiki ba a bayyana har yanzu.

Iri da kuma sunayen

Kamar yadda ya kira duwatsu na da irin wannan? Sunayen da yawa, kamar yadda, lalle ne, da kuma da kansu. A mafi tsada da kuma sanannun ne:

• Diamonds - machined da kuma goge Diamonds.
• blue sapphires.
• blue tofaz.
• kore emeralds.
• aquamarine igiyar ruwa.
• Violet, da shunayya, amethyst, da kuma waɗansu da yawa.

Duwatsu - kyau da kuma musamman kayayyakin da cewa yin rayuwar mutane fiye da ban sha'awa, mafi aminci kuma mafi kyau.