St. Alexander Nevsky. Icon na Aleksandra Nevskogo. Handwritten Orthodox icons

A mafi muhimmanci factor a cikin samuwar ideas game da wani taron ko tarihi da mutum yake ta m image. Yana da wannan dalili da cewa a cikin Orthodox Church ne a haɗe sosai muhimmanci ga gumaka. Sun nuna mana mai tsarki guises, sāke, mai wayar da nisa daga madding taron. Irin wannan alama a gare mu da icon Prince Aleksandra Nevskogo - wani jarumi warrior, matsari daga Rasha ƙasar.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka Prince

Rayuwa Aleksandra Nevskogo, kõma sama bayan samun da adalci jiki a 1380, kazalika da tarihi takardun nuna cewa nan gaba saint aka haife May 30, 1220, a Pereslavl. Mahaifinsa Yarima Yaroslav (a baftisma Theodore), kuma mahaifiyarsa - Ryazan Princess Theodosia Igorevna. Lokacin da yaron yana da shekara bakwai, mahaifinsa aka kira sarauta a Novgorod Mai girma, wanda ya dauki tare da shi da kuma Alexander. Daga wani wuri shekaru, Prince koya gãnãwa art kuma a bai cika shekaru goma sha biyar tare da mahaifinsa, ya dauki bangare a cikin ta farko yaƙi a kan Emajõgi River (zamani Estonia).

Guardian na Rasha Land

Ba da da ewa zo daya daga cikin mafi wuya lokaci a cikin tarihi na Rasha. Daga gabas, daga cikin daji Mongolian steppes, sun gabatowa taro na makiyaya, da kuma daga yamma mamaye Jamus hordes. A halin da ake ciki ya kasance m, amma, kamar yadda ya faru a zamanin mu tarihin, Ubangiji ya aike Rasha ƙasa majiɓinci, kuma mai ceto. Sun zama Alexander Nevsky, da icon wanda a baya sau da aka yi wahayi zuwa ga yaki da makiyan da yawa na Rasha sojoji.

Da shan kashi na Swedish kuma Jamus invaders

Da farko babban aiki, ba ya da shan kashi a 1240, da Swedes mamaye bakin Neva, da kuma shirya ya dauki Ladoga. Prince ya ba a lokacin tukuna shekara ashirin, amma, tabbatattun dogaro da taimako daga Allah da kuma cika da ƙarfin hali, ya kuma sojojinsa sãmar da kaye warlike Scandinavians. A ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da wannan feat na mutane suka fara dignify ya Aleksandrom Nevskim.

Swedes ya yi, amma sun Jamus Knights wanda ya kama ta bonit, da kuma a 1242 da kuma Pskov. Alexander, a shugaban yawa Runduna, 'yanci da birni, da kuma a cikin bazara na wannan shekara ci Jihadin Krista a kan kankara na Lake Peipus, a wani yaƙi da cewa gangara a tarihi a matsayin Battle na Ice. Ya salla zuwa Triniti Mai Tsarki da kuma feats makamai Latins aka gaba daya fitar daga Rasha ƙasar.

Tattaunawar a cikin taro kuma gaskiya mutuwa daga Prince

Rayuwa Aleksandra Nevskogo buga mana da siffar ba kawai m kwamandan, amma kuma mai hikima jami'in diflomasiyyar. Tabbatar da tsaro na yammacin kan iyakoki na jihar, an fahimci cewa an bude yaki tare da Khan Batu, wanda gangarawa cikin Tatar hordes, a lokacin da aka m ga Rasha, ba ma yana da lokaci in tattaro ku ƙarfi a bayan da suka gabata fadace-fadace.

Alexander ziyarci sau hudu a cikin Golden taro da tattaunawar, a sakamakon wanda ba kawai gudanar ya dauki wani soja barazana, amma kuma rarraba a tsakãnin maƙiyi, don yin wani gagarumin ɓangare na Khan ta sojojin da kawayenta.

Ya shige daga wurin Ubangiji Alexander Nevsky Nuwamba 14, 1263 a Gorodets a kan hanyarsa ta dawowa daga taro. Ya karshen fatan da aka dauko zuhudu tsari, inda ya samu sunan Alexis. Bayan rasuwar adalci jiki kwanaki tara daga baya aka tsĩrar da Vladimir, da kuma duk waɗanda ba a lokaci guda halarta ta rashin ãyõyin cin hanci da rashawa.

Canonization da kuma farkon icons

Mutane na tunawa da daraja ayyukan sarkin ya rayu daga ranar mutuwarsa, amma addini bauta bi da saye da adalci sauran kaya a 1380. Hukumance, ya aka canonized a karni daya da rabi daga baya, a zamanin mulkin Ivana Groznogo.

Daga cikin takardun da Moscow Council a 1547 ne bayani, bisa ga abin da, a tsakanin sauran tsarkaka canonized aka kara da Alexander Nevsky. The gumaka fentin a farkon lokaci, shi ne kallo a cikin zuhudu garb, yin haka ne da girmamawa a zaman zuhudu, da suka soma a karshen rayuwa. Su sauti musamman na ruhaniya bangare na nasarar da ya samu.

Duk da haka, akwai daya icon, rubuta a shekara ɗari kafin events - "The Battle of Novgorod da Suzdal", wanda yake shi ne riga da sarari na halattar kewaye da kai ne wakilta Prince Alexander Nevsky. Gumaka kamar wannan ta farko na aikin yi na canonization, aka ba su gani ba istinbadi, kuma wadannan kwanaki ne na girma rarity. A labarin da image ne ba da wani m daki-daki - wanda aka nuna a kan shi da ya faru tun kafin haihuwa Aleksandra Nevskogo, wanda ya jaddada rashin lokaci na wanzuwar wannan saint na Allah.

Gumaka lokaci pre-Peter

A m cin gaban ta iconography ya riga ya samu a cikin XVI karni, kawai bayan da Moscow Council, tare da shi ya tafi, a biyu kwatance. Suna da kyau tsara a cikin magana, Metropolitan John (Sychev). Ya jaddada cewa, ceton Rasha tsarki Prince daidai bauta da kuma matsayin jarumi warrior da kuma matsayin m m.

Yana ne irin wannan zuhudu fassarar da image, rinjãya a kan gumaka da pre-Petrine lokaci. Alal misali, icon na St. Alexander Nevsky na Novgorod Sofia babban coci da yake a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin sarkin rike da wata takarda, a kan abin da rubutu kira zuwa ga tsoron Allah da kuma aikata umarnansa. Tare da Alexander wanda aka nuna mai tsarki: John Abraham kuma Rostov.

Icon na St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo

Daya daga cikin fice ayyukan tsoho art ne hagiographic image na St. Aleksandra Nevskogo, wanda aka located in Moscow, a shahara St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo. A shi ne ya wakilci a cikin sunan Prince sufi tsaye a cika tsawo, a wani karimcin albarka vozdevshego hannunka. Wannan ne mai matukar m icon na Aleksandra Nevskogo.

Its darajar ta'allaka ne da cewa stigma kewaye da tsakiyar rabo daga abun da ke ciki ya ƙunshi ba kawai da ainihin abubuwan da suka faru na Prince na rayuwa, amma kuma wadanda cewa ya faru a baya sau. A batutuwa na wadannan miniatures ganuwa ji gaban Alexander da kuma Ubansa da ke sama da taimaka. Daga cikin wadannan al'amuran - da kuma Kulikov yaƙi, da kuma yakin da Crimean Khan Giray, kuma mafi. Wannan yana nuna da farko ga ruhaniya bangaren na rayuwa na Prince feat, da kuma mayar da hankali a kan hidimarsa ga Allah da kuma Church.

cikin zamanin Petra Velikogo Gumaka

Fundamentally canza fassarar iconographic image na Aleksandra Nevskogo a zamanin Peter I. Tsar-kawo canji dauki kansa a gaje ta yaki da duk siffofin dan hanya bazuwa. A matsayin wata ãyã daga zurfin veneration da ya Mabayyani gada, ya kafa a 1710, a St. Petersburg Triniti Mai Tsarki Alexander Nevsky sufi, wanda daga baya samu matsayi na Lavra.

Wannan aka dauka daga kaya daga Prince St. Vladimir. A daidai wannan lokaci na musamman ƙuduri na taron majalisar Krista umurce su da su ci gaba da wakiltar shi a kan gumaka a soja garb, tare da bindiga a gidan sarauta, da riguna da ermine padded. Saboda haka, girmamawa canja daga ruhaniya feats na soja mazakuta, sanya shahara Aleksandr Nevsky. Gumaka daga wannan lokaci sai aka daina wakilta wani m m, da kuma wani karaya warrior, matsari daga cikin fatherland.

Icon zanen Trend wadannan ƙarni

Special veneration na alfarma sarkin Alexander Nevsky amfani a cikin XIX karni, a lokacin da Rasha kursiyin, ziyarci uku na sarki, wanda ya sa sunansa da kuma da'awar shi kamar yadda su majiɓinci, saint. A wannan lokacin da aka rubuta da babban yawan gumaka na yarima, gudana ci gaban da iconographic layi fara a zamanin Petra Velikogo.

A karshen XIX - farkon karni XX Rasha zanen ya ci gaba da abin da ake kira addini da kuma na kasa style. Ya shãfe da iconography. Its ababuwa wakilan da karfe VM Vasnetsov, wanda Ya halitta monumental m image for Prince Vladimir Cathedral a Kiev, da kuma MV Nesterov, fentin gumaka domin Church na Mai-Ceto a Blood a St. Petersburg. A cikin farko idan Aleksandr Nevsky gabatar bogatyrom almara, yayin da na biyu - wata m m.

Ibada gina a cikin ya girmama

Žwažwalwar ajiya na St. Prince na aiwatuwa a coci gine. Just a yau a Moscow, a rarrabawa Alexandrovka da Novokryukovskoy, yana shirya bude kofofin ta ga wani sabon gina Ikklesiya coci na Alexander Nevsky. Its magina riga fara rufe saukar. Kuma da ya ke ba da daya kawai a cikin babban birnin kasar. Wani coci na Alexander Nevsky aiki a MGIMO University - Cibiyar dangantakar kasa da kasa. Yana da matukar kwarin gwiwa cewa nan gaba kasashen suna horar da kawo misali, don haka ya cancanci kwaikwayo na asali.

Haikalin Ruhu Mai Prince aka gina a tsohon sau a daban-daban birane. Wannan St. Petersburg da kuma Riga, kuma Tula. Na musamman bayanin kula ne da babban coci a Nizhny Novgorod, da aka gina a 1858 da kuma a yau a mayar bayan shekaru na maguzawan tsanani ga ambato. A icon a cikin Aleksandra Nevskogo Cathedral wannan Volga birni girmamawa kamar yadda banmamaki.

The darajar St. Prince a yau

Menene wannan ke nufi ga tarihin mu da Ruhu Mai Prince Alexander Nevsky, gumaka ne na yi kusa da zuciyar kowane gaskiya Bakan'ane? Babu shakka, mai yawa, domin kyawawan dalilai a wuya yaki da shekaru, don haka bukatar wani m film Sergeya Eyzenshteyna game da kasa gwarzo, da lashe Jamus a kan kankara na Lake Chud, ya ba da sabon karfi da sojoji, fasa fascists. Sunansa - banner ga dukan waɗanda suka tafi su yi yaƙi da mahaifarsa, da addu'o'insa feat - wani misali na yarda cikin taimako da cẽto daga cikin Triniti Mai Tsarki.

Kowane bi na gaskiya ne tambaya na yadda, daga abin da, da kuma yadda za a kare icon za ta amsa da gaskiya, da cewa shi ya umurcemu da mu tunani da kuma m tsammãni to Allah - Ubangiji Mahalicci da kuma sulhu na mutum kaddara da kuma m daga cũta. Wannan shi ne cikakken gaskiya. Kuma da icon Aleksandra Nevskogo, a cikin coci, ko a gida, su yi wa'azi mana madawwamiyar dabi'u na ba Fading - da Orthodox bangaskiya da kauna ga kasar, kuma shi ne a gare su, kuma kwantar da ceton mu.