Sigmund Freud - wanda ya kafa psychoanalysis. Wanda ke nufin, bisa ga Freud, mu hali?

Uba tsarin da ake kira "Ka so in yi magana game da shi? Kwanta a kan shimfiɗa, "mutumin da ya kulla da wani aiki sexologists, dauke da mafarkai da key ga dukkan matsaloli, an san ta, da dukan duniya, da kuma tsallaka rijiya mutuwa a hannun Nazis - Sulemanu Sigizmund (Sigmund) Freud.

Ta yaya shi duka ya fara

Sigmund Freud (May 6, 1856 - 23 ga watan Satumba, 1939) - wanda ya kafa ka'idar psychoanalysis. Bayan kasance a cikin marigayi XIX karni likita digiri a Austria, ya rubuta ayyukansu a kan jigo na tsari cuta na magana da kuma cututtuka na juyayi tsarin. Duk da haka, domin samun nasara a cikin wannan filin da shi ya faru ba tun tsoma baki tare da anti-Semitism, wanda aka samun a cikin al'umma lilo a lokacin. Saboda wannan, ya juya ya da hankali ga ilimin halin tababbu, wanda ya kasa ci gaba da ba da ban sha'awa sosai. The tafi alama wani sauyi a fagen magani, kamar yadda Freud farko dauke da roko ga sume mutum, idan akai la'akari da shi shi ne ya Madogararsa dukan shafi tunanin mutum da kuma psychosomatic cututtuka. Freudian tunani ne shubuha, shi sa mai girma da yawa na shawara ga wannan rana. Cewa akwai har ma da hukuma so Sigmund hodar Iblis! Ya yi amfani da shi kansa da kuma karfi da shared tare da kiyaye muhalli, da farincikin commenting a kan sakamako daga cikin miyagun ƙwayoyi, wanda aka jefa ciki da kuma inganta narkewa. A lokacin da gwaje-gwajen an gano cewa, "waraka foda" za a iya amfani da maganin sa barci a lokacin gudanar a idanu. Hodar Iblis a cikin kimiyya da ayyuka da aka daukaka zuwa ga daraja da Freud da dama,, wanda, bi da bi, ya haddasa wani kalaman na miyagun ƙwayoyi buri, wanda ba ya abate har 1920s. Saboda wannan, da likita hauka ya halartar duniya soka, kamar yadda shi ne asali Mafarin buri a mutane a Turai da kuma Amurka. Bugu da kari, saboda m rai na fi sani da Naziyanci da kuma anti-Semitism na likita hauka da iyalinsa ya karkashin m barazana, da kuma kawai godiya ga da shahararsa da gwamnatin yarda da shi ya bar kasar Austria, ya zaunar da a London. A babban birnin kasar na Birtaniya ya dauki Freud da farin ciki, ciki har da Royal Society da kuma tabbatar da girmamawa kafin ƙarshen ya kwana.

Hali Freud: tushe tsarin

Kamar yadda riga aka ambata a sama, Freud ya majagaba a fagen ilimin halin tababbu, kamar yadda m ga sume mutum, jingine ya m bayyana. Ayyukansa ne mai yawa da kuma takamaiman, amma yana yiwuwa don ware babban arziki a kan abin da suke su ne bisa.

Figure schematically nuna hali bisa ga Freud, mu yi la'akari da dukkan abubuwa a daki-daki:

• Id - «Shi ne." Dabba mai mutum tushen kawai a kan son zuciyarsa, da kuma bukatun. "Yana" yana daya manufa - to suna da fun.
• Izza - «Na». Shi ne mutumin da kansa kamar yadda ya ke daga zaman jama'a ra'ayi. "I" wakiltar ganin abin da ke faruwa, abin da ake nufi, bisa ga Freud mafi cikakken hulda da waje duniya, da ikon mahaɗi a da, yanzu da kuma nan gaba, to zana karshe. Yana da wani m inji, shi kare daga "Yana".
• Superego - «superego." Wannan ne wani mutum wanda burin zama al'umma a karkashin matsin. "Superego" ya nuna wa ga mutum yadda ya kamata aiki, dangane da dasa na dabi'a da kuma lamiri.

A ka'idar canzawa

Fi dacewa, duk wadannan aka gyara na hali da zama lafiya tare - "Shi ne" okin ya yarda da har zuwa yiwu sami su, "superego" da aka aikata wa manufa kallafaffen daga ba tare da, da kuma "I" daidaita wadannan biyu da tsakaitãwa. A yi, manufa shi ne unattainable, bisa ga Freud, domin duk wata hanya ne kiba. Alal misali, psychopaths "I" suppressed "Yana", da ƙishirwa ga yardar karya a nufin, crushing duk ginin. A neurotics - a kan m, na farko goge taka rawar da "super-Izza", da kara madawwami rashin biyan bukata da kuma kin amincewa da ta imperfections.

Me ake nufi da Freudian lura da shafi tunanin mutum da cuta? The asali manufa - da aka canza "Yana" ko "super-Izza" to "I" da fassarar lãbaru da free jam'iyya.

sirri ci gaba

A psychologist ne ba kawai da farko don gane mutum jima'i, amma kuma ya yi ta lafazi, iƙirarin cewa motsa mutum libido (muguwar sha'awa ga mai son sha'awa jin daxi). A ci gaba da Freud daura jima'i, da kuma ta bayyana tare da wani mutum, ba kawai bayyana a mafarki. A wannan hasashe, da matakai na kafa mutum da aka ware:

• Na baka (haihuwa-1.5 years). Duk da jin daxi na duniya sun mayar da hankali a cikin bakinsa. A baby ba kawai a ji dadin aiwatar da ciyar da, amma kuma ta binciko abubuwan dake kewaye da bakinka.
• Anal (1-3 years). A tsuliya yanki ne cibiyar da yarda, kamar yadda yaro yana horar da su defecate a kan nasu, iya sarrafa hanji da kuma haka gaba daya dogara a kan parental kula.
• Phallic (3-5 years). Libido bayyana kanta a cikin sha'awa na al'aurar, lamba tare da yaron a kai. A wannan mataki, da boys na iya samar da Oedipus hadaddun, wanda ke nufin Freudian so zuwa uwa, 'yan mata kamar yadda analog - Electra hadaddun, ko "azzakari hassada."
• Latent (6-12 years). Libido kwanta, zamantakewa kai-sani zo da fore.
• Al'aura (daga 12 years). Balagarsa, jima'i bautar da fari.

Shin, akwai wani ƙarshe?

An bayani na abin da ake nufi domin mutane su Freud, shi ne debatable. La'akari da wani mutum ne kawai daga cikin ra'ayi da ya jima'i ba lallai ba ne, domin shi ne daya mai gefe. Duk da haka, shi kansa mai psychologist yarda cewa ya ra'ayoyin ne ba da cikakken kuma dole ne a kalubalance su, a cikin taron da cewa sabon data bayyana. Kuma kada ku manta game da gaskiyar cewa psychologist ayyukan su ne tushen ga zamani sexology, za su iya samun da bayanin da kuma Hanyar magani daga wani karkacewa.