Triniti-Sergius hamada: photo, gine. Mene ne Triniti-Sergius hamada?

An yi fice abin tunawa daga Rasha tarihi - Triniti-Sergius hamada (Rasha da siffa gine) - jihar kare a yau. Duk da haka, da sufi da tafi, ta hanyar wuya sau, a sakamakon abin da wasu gine-gine da aka irretrievably rasa. Yau duk dan Rasha sanin abin da ta kama Triniti-Sergius hamada. Yana da wani real taskar Rasha al'adu, da kuma cancanci sani game da shi a kowace Rasha.

kafa sufi

A 1734, da Rasha Empress Anna Ivanovna yanke shawarar canza wurin ƙasar a 10 mil daga Petersburg, wanda a baya housed Seaside villa na Duchess na Mecklenburg-Schwerin, mazan 'yar'uwar da Empress, ya confessor. Archimandrite na Triniti-Sergius sufi Varlaam so ya zama shi kadai, domin kawai irin wannan mafaka da sabuwar duniya da aka yi nufi. Wannan shi ne yadda Triniti-Sergius hamada, a madadin sufi, wanda da aiki a matsayin Barlaam. The kalmar "bari" na nufin "wuri na kawaicin da nake yi, wani shãmaki," daga baya "sufi". Barlaam ma samu izni don motsawa zuwa ga sabon gida a kananan katako coci na ɗauka daga cikin Albarka Virgin Mary daga Estate na Sarauniya Praskovya Feodorovna. Ya na farko coci na sufi, wanda aka tsarkake a cikin girmamawa St. Sergius na Radonezh May 2, 1735. Hamada, ta hanyar ikon da mazaunin, an hanzari samun shahararsa, da nauyi a cikin rayuwar addini na St. Petersburg ne hanzari kara, amma har yanzu yana da shekaru 30 da haihuwa sufi ne a kananan secluded wuri kusa da Gulf of Finland.

heyday

Karkashin Elizabeth, Triniti-Sergius hamada daukan kan wani sabon matsayi. A Empress yanke shawarar kafa a kan tushen da cloister "manufa" sufi da kuma shan wani yawan ayyuka da yin haka. 'Yar Bitrus da Great ƙaunar gina, a ta sarautar Petersburg tsiwirwirinsu mai yawa cancantar gine-gine: Winter Palace, da Cathedral na Smolny sufi, Grand Peterhof Palace, Tsarskoye Selo manyan fada.

Niyya ga fasalin da Triniti-Sergius hamada, wanda ba ta ji wani na musamman ji: a cikin bẽnãye na sufi ta jiran sakamakon banrazana juyin mulki da kuma aka gudanar na farko sabis girmama na farin ciki ƙarewa na taron, Elizaveta Petrovna fara da yi. Empress umarni Architect PA Trezzini aikin Triniti Mai Tsarki Cathedral. Architect gina a kan wani na farko daftarin na da Smolny Convent Rastrelli kuma Halicci sabon hoton na gaba Haikali.

A 1756, babban coci fara gina, sa'an nan gina a 1758 da coci na St. Sergius na Radonezh, gina da dutse Kwayoyin ga sufaye, matsara hasumiya, da ganuwar. A 1764, Triniti-Sergius bari a Strelna samun 'yancin kai, shi ne ba na karkashin Triniti-Sergius Lavra, sufi tsaye a shugaban kansa Archimandrite. Amma Elizabeth ba ga wannan canji fi so bari, ga abin da ya zo ba mafi nasara lokaci. Archimandrite matsayin sau da yawa sun shagaltar da sabon mutane wanda kawai ba su da lokacin da za a yi wani abu muhimmi domin ci gaba da hamada.

Kawai a 1834 ya fara wani lokaci na ci gaba na Triniti-Sergius hamada. A shugaban sufi tsaye mai ban sha'awa mutum - Ignatius Bryanchaninov, wani m digiri na biyu na aikin injiniya da makaranta, da karfi mawãƙi, bafadan, wanda ya ba har wani m rayuwar zamantakewa, kuma ya ba su hannunka a cikin sunan ci gaba da sufi. Nicholas da na ba shi alkawarin - yi na Triniti-Sergius hamada juna na duk gidajen lama. Shekaru ashirin da mazaunin suka yi jihãdi ga wannan burin, da kuma mai girma da yawa ya iya.

Daya daga cikin m baƙi daga cikin sufi zama sarki da kansa, wanda sau da yawa ya nemi shawara da kuma albarka na Archimandrite. Ignatius kafa kyawawan tsauraran sharudda a cikin sufi, da samar da wani Canon na da irin Optina. Zai gaje Ignatius Malyshev gaba shekaru 40 da ci gaba da aiki a kan ci gaba da kuma karfafa sufi. A wannan lokacin, da Triniti-Sergius hamada photo cewa yau kai ne kawai a wani ɓangare na da yawa, gina up tare da sabon gine-gine: majami'u, zama gine-gine, gona gine-gine, da library, wanda yana da fiye da 6000 littattafai. The sufi zama real kananan birni, shi ya bude da dama makarantu, reno gida, wani asibiti ga matalauta hotel. Ta aka shiga da sashe 50 na zakar, inda Ruhbãnãwa haƙĩƙa sunã horar da amfanin gona, da kayan lambu. Triniti-Sergius hamada ta zama babbar mai iko wuri, zo nan su yi addu'a ga sani ta hurumi huta da yawa da suka shahara da kuma shahararrun mutane.

A karshe mazaunin na sufi Sergius ya ruhaniya uba na Grand Duke Dmitry da Konstantin Romanov. Kafin juyin juya hali, da sufi taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rayuwar ruhaniya na jihar, wani sananne al'adu da kuma tattalin arziki cibiyar.

shekaru da asarar

Duk abin canza bayan juyin juya hali. A shekara ta 1919, da sufi na Triniti-Sergius bari aka rufe, ko da yake da sabis ya ci gaba don wani lokaci. Babban ɓangare na sufaye kõre, wasu zauna a cikin gida aiki ƙungiya. sufi dukiya da aka sace a 1921 da Bolsheviks harbe m da rector na St. Sergius. A shekarar 1931, akwai bude wani soja horo makaranta. A lokacin yakin da gine-gine na sufi sha wahala ƙwarai a lokacin da dakarun. Amma da mafi mũnin farko a shekaru 60. A shekarar 1962, Triniti Mai Tsarki Cathedral, kuma ya daina zama abin tunawa aka rushe. Church na Ceto Mai Tsarki Virgin aka nike tashi a shekarar 1964, a tsawo na Khrushchev ta antireligious yaƙin neman zaɓe. A shekarar 1968, shi halakar da coci na iyãma.

sufi yau

A shekarar 1993, Triniti-Sergius hamada photo wanda a wancan lokacin su da wani m gani, aka mika su ga Orthodox Church. Sannu a hankali ya fara maido aiki a cikin sufi sufaye zaunar da sake. A cikin coci Sergiya Radonezhskogo gudanar yau da kullum da sabis, komar da halakar hurumi jurewa sabuntawa a cikin tsira gine-gine. Sufaye mafarki taba mayar da bata, amma ya zuwa yanzu ba ta kai hannu, da aiki a cikin sufi da yawa. Duk da haka, da Triniti-Sergius hamada, da gine na wanda aka partially kiyaye ko da a yau rinjayar da fasaha da kuma iyawa na gine-ginen, faranta wa ido da baƙo da wurin.

The gine-gine

The gine-gine da style of hamada za a iya bayyana a matsayin gargajiya Rasha gine patterned. Da gine-gine na sufi hadawa da kafa canons na gine-gine tare da m ideas. Idan ka ƙirƙiri wani sufi da aka yi amfani da na gargajiya shiryawa makirci, a lokacin da cibiyar da abun da ke ciki shi ne babban haikalin da kuma yankin dab da shi, kuma ya riga ya sanya a kusa da sauran tsarin. Babban ginin da ƙasa ta auku a cikin rabi na biyu na karni na 19th. Nan za ka iya ganin abubuwa da eclecticism, wanda ya dace ga Rasha da Turai gine na lokacin. Har ila yau, ga gine-gine na sufi ne halin gaban Rasha da muradi.

Triniti-Sergius hamada siffa gine wanda ya wani misali na yin amfani da kasa da muradi a haikali gine-gine, da aka gina a matsayin Rasha sufi, shi ya yi magana bayyanar da babban coci da kuma duk gine-gine. A karshe siffar da cloister aka kafa ta karshe kwata daga cikin karni na 19th, da hadaddun hada da fiye da 10 bukukuwan gine-gine da kuma da dama gine-gine domin dalilai daban-daban. Yana aiki da yawa shahara gine-ginen. P. Trezzini halitta aikin Triniti Cathedral da wani shirin raya aikin yanki, Luidzhi Ruska gina asibitin wani, AM Weasels gina Ceto da kuma mai ceto Chapel, aiki a kan ayyukan Church na Ceto, kuma Grigoriya Bogoslova, da Rastrelli gina zuhudu Kwayoyin. Na bayar da muhimmanci shi ne sufi hurumi, inda ake binne yawa da suka shahara 'ya'yan Rasha, yanzu hankali murmurewa tarihi bayyanar.

Haikalin Saint Sergius

Triniti-Sergius bari aka asali gina a kusa da coci na St. Sergius na Radonezh. A farko haikalin da aka yi da itace, da shi aka koma daga St. Petersburg. A karshen da 18th karni a wurin gina na farko da dutse babban coci, wanda a 1854 sake muhimmanci gina. Architect Gornostaev gina wani coci a Byzantine style, tare da biyar surori da biyu chapels: Almasihu mai ceto daga kabarin Shahid Zenaida Apraksins da kaburbura na Yusupov. Manyan biyu-storey haikali iya saukar da har zuwa 2 dubu mutane, shi aka yi wa ado da akwai gilashi windows a cikin Romanesque style. A iconostasis aka yi wa ado da daraja, da semiprecious duwatsu, mosaic kasa da aka yi bisa ga almara na m. A babban coci tsira duk da wuya sau da kuma ci gaba ta yi aiki a yau.

Architecture Triniti sufi

Triniti sufi zama cikin zuciya na sufi. Yana da aka kafa a 1756, ayyukan da aka dubawa da m P. Trezzini. The biyar-domed Cathedral na dutse da aka gina a shekaru 4. Haikali buga wani m ciki: stucco, frescoes da kuma zane-zane, da yawa na haske - duk wannan halitta mai ma'ana na festivity. A kananan Haikalin, da damar mutane 600, buga kwazazzabo view. Yana Trezzini aiwatuwa mafi kyau na Baroque gine. Mutane da yawa details, stucco, biyar loosely shirya domes Haikalin tare da ginshikan sanya bukukuwan da na marmari. Ya zama nasa tarihin domin gina majami'u a fadin Rasha ta kamar yadda shekaru 20.

Haikali sadarwa. shahidi Valerian

Triniti-Sergius hamada shi ne na karshe tsari na da yawa mai girma maza, daya daga cikinsu ya Graf Valerian Zubov, wani fitaccen shugaban, nasara da Derbent. A wuri na binne storey Haikalin tare da wani portico a Empire style aka gina. A gini yana da wani sabon abu siffar rotunda, a cikin abin da aka located a semicircular iconostasis. A gini ne guda hadaddun da tawaya gidan. Har yau, da gina kiyaye su, amma a cikin wani sosai karkatacciyar form saboda rearrangements a cikin 40s na karni na 20th, a lokacin da shi housed da aiki mallaka.

Church na Ceto Mai Tsarki Virgin

Desert aka gina godiya ga sanannun abokan ciniki, a matsayin haikalin Ruhu Mai Virgin ya ginin, da umarnin da Prince Kochubey a cikin girmamawa da marigayin matarsa. The aikin halitta wani babban coci R. Kuzmin, a cikin shekaru 1859-1863 aka gina da kuma kammala da Harald Bosse. A kananan amma sosai high haikalin da aka tsara a cikin Renaissance style, kafa tarihi bayyanar sufi. Ginin da aka fuskanci m dutse daga Scotland da kuma shi ne sosai reminiscent na Florence Cathedral. The coci da aka hallaka a shekarar 1964.

Grigorievsky haikali

Church of St. Grigoriya Bogoslova aka gina a 1855-1857 shekaru da kotun m Alexander II PM Shtakenshnejdera. An ci a Rasha-Byzantine style kuma shi ne karamin dakin tare da gadon kwana na jirgin ƙasa iconostasis, rubuta a kan wani zinariya bango, da kuma farin marmara kabarin zuriya a cikin wani jadawali G. Kushelev. Triniti-Sergius bari yanzu aiki a kan sabuntawa na ciki ado na cikin Haikali, wanda aka kiyaye su a cikin wani canja tsari, amma ba ya aiki.

Church of a Tãshin ¡iyãma

Petersburg sufi Triniti-Sergius hamada ya kasance kullum misalta da Rasha ruhu. A mafi "Rasha" gini iya kira a hip coci na Tashin Almasihu. Yana da aka gina a 1877-1880 karkashin aikin na A. Parland, sanannen marubucin Cathedral na Mai-Ceto a kan zub da jini a St. Petersburg. Facades na launin tubalin, akwai gilashi windows, Bas-taimako da Figures na Rasha tsarkaka - duk wannan ya sa a Tãshin ¡iyãma Cathedral kamar kyau abun wasa. A ciki na azurfa, porphyry, da tagulla, kuma bugi kwanyarsa. A shekarar 1968, da coci da aka nike tashi.