Shuke-shuke a Antarctica: wani bayyani da kuma halaye na Antarctic Flora

Zai ze cewa a cikin Kudu iyakacin duniya, a cikin m sanyi Antarctica, babu abin da zai iya girma. Suka ce cewa sauyin yanayi sosai kama Mars, da kawai bambanci ne yawan ruwa. Kuma da sosai magana "Antarctic shuka" wani zai ze m, wawa wargi. Duk da haka, wannan ba gaskiya ba ne. Tsire-tsire Antarctica zama, ko da yake ba kamar yadda m jerin jinsunan. Eh, da kuma na gani roko, ba za su iya fariya.

Historical bayanai game da Flora na Antarctica

A yau shi ne ba wani asirin da cewa a cikin Mesozoic nahiyar Antarctica shi ne mafi girma cibiyar samuwar Flora. Duk da haka, duniya sanyaya cika fuska matalauta fauna wannan nahiyar, a tilasta su yi hijira mafi yawan Flora a arewa da warmer zones.

Na dogon lokaci da amsar tambayar "abin shuke-shuke da a Antarctica" da aka jeri: mosses, kwayoyin, lichens, fungi, algae da daji kawai 'yan jinsin na mafi girma shuke-shuke da oda na ganye. Duk da haka, a 1829, bayan da shekaru goma bayan da aka gano na Antarctica, dukan duniya ya yi mamakin da labarai cewa ta Kudu Shetland Islands, na farko flower aka gano. Duk da haka, Halo yaduwar mafi girma siffofin shuka yana da iyaka zuwa 64 digiri kudu latitud a kan Antarctic Larabawa.

A kowace shekara bude more sabon bayani game da Flora na cikin matsananci gefuna. Masana kimiyya mamaki duniya da rahotannin sabon shuke-shuke samu a nan. Kuma yanzu da tambaya "abin shuke-shuke girma a Antarctica" amsar ba haka sauki kamar yadda ya kafin, a lokacin da masana kimiyya ba su haka tsunduma a gudanar da bincike aikin nan.

Ruwa tare algae na Kudu iyakacin duniya

Antarctic Flora - wannan ban mamaki yankin - wakilta blue-kore algae. Su, tare da kwayoyin cuta da kuma mosses rufe kasa na sabo ruwa a jikinsu. Wadannan shuke-shuke dokoki Antarctica mucous m ɓawon burodi.

Blue-kore algae - daya daga cikin tsofaffin shuke-shuke na nahiyar. Bayan duk, su burbushin ragowar da aka samu a saman na ma'adanai tsĩrar da su da "ɓangaren duniya" da masana kimiyya. Summer ruwa tare algae rufe dukan surface kududdufai. Sun riga sun saba wa shirya ko da a cikin dusar ƙanƙara, dan kadan narke a rana. Microscopic ja, rawaya da kore algae tare da tari samar da wata mai haske Lawn, launi spots cewa kama saman palette na artist.

An ban mamaki sabon abu na yanayi - ja snow - akwai kawai saboda microscopic ja algae. Shi ne su karfi gusts iska hawaye daga samanta, dauke a cikin iska, hadawa da snow hatsi, da kuma faduwa baya zuwa ga ƙasa, da samar da mafarki na jan snow.

Bisa ga lissafin kimiyya, da masana gida kusan ɗari bakwai jinsuna daban na algae. Mafi yawansu ba su kasance a cikin diatoms.

algae Antarctic

Kuma a cikin Antarctic tekuna za a iya samu giant tsiren ruwan teku a tsawon daga ɗari da hamsin zuwa uku da ɗari mita, wanda ake kira maktotsitas. A sosai sunan wadannan shuke-shuke yayi magana don kansa, domin a cikin fassarar da kalmar sauti kamar "krupnokletochnik". Kuma a gaskiya, girman makrotsitasa Kwayoyin suna da gigantic idan aka kwatanta da sauran shuka Kwayoyin.

Antarctic teku densely lugar da wadannan m shuke-shuke. Su mazauna ne real form karkashin ruwa gandun daji!

Lichens a Antarctica

A mafi yadu bayan da algae Flora na Antarctica da aka gabatar tare da lichen - su ne a nan akwai fiye da ɗari uku jinsunan. Lichens ciki da ƙananan aji shuka, bayar da shi a irin symbiosis na fungi da algae. Wasu jinsunan da Antarctic Flora fariya su superdrevneyshey pedigree - yana da fiye da goma shekara dubu. A cikin Antarctic zone lichens sarrafa to girma tsakanin duwatsu. Kuma, kamawa da rare haskoki na rana, suka gudanar da wani photosynthesis a nan.

Jifar launuka iri-iri na lichens. Ga su samu wani haske-kore, mai haske orange, zholtenkie, nondescript m da kuma baki ... cikakken! Zai yiwu mafi sau da yawa za ka iya saduwa da shi tare da wani baki lichen pigment - fairly rare sabon abu a duniya. Wannan ya faru domin sauki dalilin cewa irin canza launi taimaka da shuka zuwa sha matsakaicin adadin hasken rana da zafi, wanda su ne don haka rare a cikin Kudu iyakacin duniya.

Lichens sun saba da iskõki na babban ikon cewa ya girgiza a nan. Saboda haka, da suka faku a cikin duwatsu, wadda girma ta samar da wata m ɓawon burodi. Kankara ko janye daga shuke-shuke iya zama kawai da wuka. Suna da ake kira - "sikelin lichens."

Akwai leafy lichens, wanda ko da ta samar da wata irin waje kama da furanni, bushy, abin da girma kamar dada sarƙaƙƙiya. Amma wasu sun zaba wa kansu da kuma yin wani m wuri don sake ma su matsugunni - surface na gansakuka.

Lichens girma a cikin Antarctic da sauyin yanayi na dogon lokaci, saboda su ci gaba da aka hana ta low yanayin zafi da kuma tsananin iska. Babu suna kusan a boulders da matasa glacial adibas. Duk da haka, za ka iya sau da yawa sami lichens a kan na dogon lokaci free of kankara kankara. Wannan hujja damar bincike ya yi nazarin tarihin glaciation a Antarctica.

Antarctic mosses

A na uku wuri cikin sharuddan jinsunan bambancin ne mosses. Saba'in, da kuma bisa ga wasu kafofin, tamanin da jinsuna daban na wadannan shuke-shuke mamaki botanists a duniya. A tsibirin free of kankara, samar da dukan peat gansakuka.

Baya daga cikin saba a kan Antarctica da marchantiophyta. Talatin da aka sani da ra'ayoyinsu. Mai mosses ne wadan da tsire-tsire, saboda Antarctica ne a nahiyar, wanda ya ga mutane da yawa ƙarni ware daga sauran kasashen duniya. Wadannan sun hada da Sarconeurum glaciale, Schistidium antarctici da Grimmia antarctici.

Mosses da lichens ana haka saba da matsananci yanayi na Antarctic, da tsananin iska da kuma low yanayin zafi cewa tsira ko a cikin windswept m gangara.

Duk da haka, mafi yawan mosses, a baya suka zauna a ƙasar, a hankali "koma" to kududdufai - tabkuna, inda yanayi domin da mazauninsu ne mafi m.

fern

Wannan ban sha'awa shuka kamar fern, za a iya samu a Kudu iyakacin duniya. Shi ne daya daga cikin tsofaffin a Flora ƙasar. Wannan inji shi ne ba a Bloom, don haka ba ya bukatar pollination, wanda yana da muhimmanci domin shuka rayuwa a Antarctica. Ba tare da bada tsaba, ferns haifa ta hanyar spores, kamar namomin kaza. Strong iskõki rinjaye a Antarctica, yada su pollen, spores, yada shuka.

Flowers zaune a Antarctica

Idan tambaya kamar abin da tsire-tsire da ake samu a Antarctica, wani ya amsa da furanni, shi zai iya ta da wata dariya. Duk da haka, ya za a yi dama. Kusan dozin Dwarf flowering shuke-shuke za a iya samu a nan.

Alal misali, mutane da yawa da aka sani da irin wannan flowering shuke-shuke da Antarctica a matsayin Pike da pearlwort Quito, forming su daga alƙarya kananan share-lugovinki.

Antarctic gashi ciyawa

Yana da wani herbaceous flowering shuka yana da wani sunan - Deschampsia Antarctica. Yana nufin da iyali na ciyawa, ko mjatlikovyh. Don girma a kan gangara daga duwãtsu, kuma a rana stony kasa, kai shuka a tsawo na 20 santimita. Ya haƙuri, da nufin zuwa rayuwa shi ne enviable: ba kowane shuka zai iya yin tsayayya da irin wannan tsanani frosts a lokacin flowering, wanda sauƙi Canza wurin pickerel. A takaice in mun gwada girma kakar da kuma ban mamaki adaptability na gashi ciyawa ya yale shi ya tsira a cikin matsananci yanayi na iyakacin duniya kudu.

pearlwort Quito

Kolobant crassifolia ko pearlwort - don haka ne ma ake kira flower - nasa ne a gidan Caryophyllaceae, shi ne inconspicuous fararen furanni da kuma kodadde kore ganye. Height na adult shuka ne kananan - daga rabi zuwa biyar santimita. Bryozoans Antarctic shuka kira kuma domin shi ne remarkably kama da gansakuka, kuma yana da siffar kama wani matashin kai.

Ciyayi na Antarctica - abinci kwayoyin

Kamar yadda ya ba matalauta fauna na Arctic, amma ko da a nan akwai ban sha'awa farfado. Antarctic Flora, kamar yadda sauran wurare, shi ne sau da yawa da rayayyun kwayoyin halitta na abinci. Alal misali, nufin pringlea flowering shuke-shuke, wanda aka yi amfani a matsayin edible kayan lambu. Masana sun ce cewa kabeji ne ba kawai dadi da kuma gina jiki, amma shi ne musamman arziki a bitamin. A kalla sosai, a matsayin wani tasiri magani ga scurvy ne ya tabbatar da kanta riga gudanar.

Hatsi shuka daga cikin HALITTAR bluegrass tare da ban sha'awa sunan "tuesok" iya daidai a yi amfani a matsayin abinci ga tumakin. Mafi sau da yawa, wannan shuka da aka samu a kan kusa tsibiran zuwa Antarctica.

Herbaceous shuke-shuke da Antarctica, photos da aka gabatar a nan, buga bloklostyu, pallor, wasu colorless. Wannan ya faru saboda pollination na furanni ne da za'ayi da iska maimakon kwari, don haka m furanni don jawo hankalin ƙudan zuma, malam, ƙudan zuma, da kuma sauransu suna kawai ba a bukata - da kuma yanayi ne da aka a sauran.

Canza Flora Antarctica

A dangane da binciken da wannan yankin karkara na duniya a yau, da kuma lura da wani ban sha'awa gaskiya, kamar yadda bayyanar shuke-shuke a nan, ya taba tsiro. Masana kimiyya sun karkata zuwa yi imani da cewa da tsaba da yawa daga cikinsu sun kawo wa babban yankin a kan takalma ko jaka masu bincike.

Haka kuma an yi imani da cewa a baya, kafin sanyi karye, akwai tsiro mai yawa shuke-shuke da cewa bai tsira da matsananci yanayi kwari. Duk da haka, saboda dumamar yanayi, shi ne iya cewa ta hanyar mu'ujiza tsira da tsaba ba zato ba tsammani tada rayuwa. Ko da yake irin haka an ware tukuna.