Shostakovich Maxim Dmitrievich: biography, kerawa

A cikin mutane akwai ra'ayi cewa yanayi yana kan 'ya'yan sanannun mutane. Duk da haka, dan jaridar Rasha mai suna Dmitry Shostakovich Maxim ya kori gaba daya ya karyata wadannan jita-jita. Allah ne ya zama sananne da kuma jagorancinsa, ya zama sananne ga dukan duniyar saboda godiyarsa ta fasaha da aikinsa na dindindin.

Haihuwar da farkon rayuwa

Maxim Shostakovich an haife shi ne a Leningrad ranar 10 ga Mayu, 1938. Mahaifinsa shi ne sananne ga dukan wakilin Soviet Union Dmitri Shostakovich. Mahaifiyar yaro ne masanin kimiyya mai suna Nina V. Varzar, wanda bayan aurenta ya ƙi ƙirƙirar aikin kimiyya kuma ya ba da kanta ga mijinta da yara. Bugu da ƙari, Maxim, tsohuwar 'yar Galina ta girma tare da matansu. A farkon shekarun yarinyar an rufe shi da Warren Patriotic War. An haɗu da shingen Leningrad Shostakovich a garinsa. A nan Dmitry Dmitrievich ya yi aiki a shahararren Symphony na bakwai, wadda aka watsa ta baya ta rediyo daga kamfanonin fascist-cathedral na Arewacin Capital zuwa babban Soviet Union. A shekara ta 1942, an kwashe mawaki da iyalinsa zuwa Kuibyshev (Samara), kuma bayan shekara daya Shostakovichi ya koma Moscow. Ba za su iya komawa Leningrad ba.

Hulɗa da mahaifin mahaifi

Shostakovich Maxim Dmitrievich ya ci gaba da tunawa da mahaifinsa. Ya bayyana shi a matsayin mutum mai ban mamaki da basira. Mawallafi da matarsa sun haifa 'ya'yansu ta hanyar misalin su, suna tattare da su kawai halaye masu kyau. Little Maxim da Galina basu san abin da kisa ta jiki yake ba. Idan suka aikata wani laifi, uban ya tilasta musu su ba da takarda ta hanyar kada su yi haka. Bayan haka, yara ba za su iya tunani game da lalata ko saba wa iyayensu ba.

Mutuwar uwar

Paparoma na da iyayen Maxim da 'yar uwarsa ba da iko ba, kuma mahaifiyar ta kasance mai kula da gidan, mai amintacce kuma mai ba da shawara mai aminci. Abin baƙin ciki shine, Nina Vasilievna ba ta zama a 1954 ba, lokacin da danta ya kasance sha shida. Mahaifiyar mahaifiyar ta kasance mummunan hasara ga matasa Maxim, wanda bai yarda da shi ba na dogon lokaci. Ba da da ewa bayan mutuwar matarsa ta farko, Dmitry Shostakovich ta yi auren marigayi Margarita Kainove. Aure tare da ita ba ta dadewa ba, kuma a 1962, Maxim yana da sabon budurwa Irina Antonovna Supinskaya, wanda ke rike da jaridar editan "Soviet Composer". Mahaifinta ya zauna tare da ita har mutuwarsa a 1975.

Yanke shawarar zama jagora

Dmitry Shostakovich tun daga farkon shekarun ya ɗauki dansa zuwa rehearsals da kide kide da wake-wake. Ayyukan Paparoma ya faranta wa dan yaron sha'awar zuciya, kuma shi, yana ƙauna da kiɗa tare da dukan zuciyarsa, bai yi tunanin kasancewarsa ba tare da shi ba. A 1946, Maxim ya zo ya sake karanta mahimman biki na 8 na mahaifinsa kuma yana da sha'awar kwarewar Yevgeny Mravinsky. Bayan haka, sai ya yanke shawarar cewa a nan gaba zai kasance cikin aiki.

Yin karatu a makarantar kiɗa da kuma kotu

Maxim Dmitrievich ya sami ilimi mai zurfi. A karkashin jagorancin Helena Petrovna Hoven, ya yi karatun kudancin a makarantar makaranta na Moscow Conservatory. Mai gudanarwa yana tunawa da malaminta a matsayin mace wanda yake da aminci ga aikin fasaha. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya shiga kolejin malaman Moscow Conservatory. A nan masanin ilimin Pedagogue na dan Shostakovich shi ne dan wasan Soviet mai suna Jacob Flier. A gwaje-gwajen ƙofar a ƙofar masarautar ta sauraron saurayi ya yi wasan kwaikwayo na biyu na Piano, wanda mahaifinsa sanannen ya hada. A cikin shekara ta huɗu, Shostakovich ya koma wurin mai kulawa. Ga wa malamai suna da irin shahara conductors kamar yadda Nikolai Rabinovich, Alexander Gauk da Gennady Rozhdestvensky.

Kula da mai gudanarwa a cikin USSR

Bayan kammala karatunsa daga kundin koli a shekarar 1963, Shostakovich Maxim Dmitrievich ya zama mataimakin mai gudanarwa na Orchestra na Symphony na Moscow Veronika Borisovna Dudarova. Tare da ita, sai ya yi tafiya a duk faɗin Soviet Union tare da yawon shakatawa. Shekaru uku bayan haka an sanya dan wasan yaro a cikin Orchestra na Amurka na Amurka. Kasancewa mai taimakawa ga mai girma Evgeny Fedorovich Svetlanov, ɗan ɗan littafin ya fara tafi ƙasar waje. A tsawon lokacin aikinsa a Orchestra na Amurka ya yi tafiya a duk faɗin Turai, ya ziyarci Amurka, Kanada, Mexico, da Japan.

Bayan kammala ajalin mataimakin a Svetlanova Maxim Dmitrievich aka kira su zuwa ga yin aiki a cikin Symphony Orchestra na All-Union Radio kuma Tsakiya Television. Bayan haka, an nada shi babban jagoran. A 1971, dan Shostakovich Maxim ya zama shugaban kungiyar Orchestra na Ma'aikatar Al'adu na Soviet Union. Wannan matsayi ya gudanar da shi a cikin shekaru 10. A shekara ta 1978, saboda manyan nasarorin da aka samu a fannin fasaha, an ba shi lambar yabo na masu daraja na RSFSR.

A shekara ta 1979, Maxim Shostakovich ya fara zama jagoran wasan opera. A karkashin jagorancinsa, ana shirya wasan kwaikwayo da yawa, cikinsu "Lady Macbeth na Mtsensk", "Han", da dai sauransu.

Shigewa daga Amurka

Duk da "sanyi yaki" tsakanin Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Yammacin jihohin, Maxim Shostakovich, biography wanda aka dauke a cikin wannan labarin, ya yi magana a kasashen waje. Yaron farko a matsayin jagora a waje da kasar ya faru a 1968 a Birtaniya Birtaniya. Daga nan sai ya yi a Majalisa ta Royal tare da Orchestra na Philharmonic. Bayan shekara guda, Maxim Dmitrievich da Gosorkestr suka yi rangadin Amurka.

Tafiya a cikin kasashe masu jari-hujja, dan Shostakovich ya ga yadda ikon Soviet rashin adalci ya bi da masu zane-zane. Kuskuren tare da rayuwa a cikin USSR ya girma tare da shi a kowace shekara kuma da yawa. A ƙarshe, a cikin 1981 a yayin da yake tafiya na FRG Shostakovich Maxim Dmitrievich ya yanke shawarar kada ya koma gida. Tsarinsa daga kungiyar tarayya shi ne bayanin rashin amincewar siyasa. Mai gudanarwa ya yi mafarki na kunna waƙar da yake so, kuma ba sa bi umarni "daga sama." Tunanin da aka yi a kan hijira ya ziyarce shi kafin, amma yayin da ubansa yana da rai, ba zai iya iya barin shi ba. Bayan mutuwar Dmitry Dmitrievich a shekarar 1975, sha'awar janye daga cikin rundunar ta Amurka ta zama karfi. Matsayin da ya shafi dukkanin yanayin rayuwa a kasar ya yi kama da Shostakovich, mafi ƙarancin har abada. Ya so yaransa da jikoki suyi girma a cikin ƙasa kyauta. Hagu bayan yawon shakatawa a Jamus tare da dansa Dmitry, jagorar ya yi hijira bayan wani lokaci zuwa Amurka. Tunanin cewa zai sake komawa kasar Rasha, ba shi da.

Professional aiki a gudun hijira

Ayyukan Shostakovich a cikin Yammacin Turai ba su da kwarewa a cikin USSR. A shekara ta 1983, ya jagoranci Orchestra na Hong Kong na Philharmonic, wanda ya jagoranci shekaru biyu. A 1986-1991, Maxim Dmitrievich shine babban jagoran kungiyar Orchestra na Philharmonic na New Orleans. Rayuwa a cikin Amurka, Shostakovich ya ci gaba da yin aiki tukuru da kuma magana ta hanyar magana. Bugu da ƙari, ayyukan wasan kwaikwayon, ya taka rawa wajen yin rikodin wakokin mahaifinsa da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na pianist. A 1994, mai gudanarwa a karo na farko bayan hijira ya zo Rasha tare da yawon shakatawa. Duk da bukatar masu sana'a a Yammacin yamma, sau da yawa yana sha'awar gida. A 1997, ya koma Rasha tare da iyalinsa kuma ya zauna a St. Petersburg.

Mata da yara na jagorar

Maxim Shostakovich ya yi aure sau biyu. A cikin farko da matar na pianist da shugaba da aka sani sosai kadan. A cikin aurensa da ita a 1961, an haife ɗa, wanda a cikin girmama sunan kakanni mai suna Dmitry. Bayan ya yi hijira tare da mahaifinsa daga Rundunar Sojan Amurka, ya zauna a wani lokaci a Amurka, bayan haka ya koma Faransa. Dmitry Maksimovich yana kunshe waƙa don kayan aiki na lantarki.

Matar Shostakovich ta yanzu ita ce Marina. A kansa ne dan jaririn ya yi aure bayan ya koma Amurka. A cikin aurensa na biyu yana da 'ya'ya biyu -' yar Maria da dan Maxim, wanda kuma ya ci gaba da hanya. Tun daga yara, sun shiga cikin kide kide da wake-wake, suna koyon wasan kwaikwayo.

Maxim Shostakovich ba zai iya kora game da rayuwarsa ba. Matar Marina ta zama masa ba kawai mahaifiyar 'ya'yansa ba, amma har ma mai gaskiya ne, yana goyon bayan matarsa mai basira a duk kokarin. A karo na farko da jagoran ya gan ta a yayin jawabinsa a yammacin gidan kide-kade a gidan majalisar. Marina, wanda yake a makaranta, ya umurci mijinta na gaba ya ba ta furen furanni. Abokan auren mata sun faru da yawa daga baya. Labarin tsakanin Maxim Dmitrievich da Marina ya fara ba da daɗewa ba kafin ya tafi Amurka. Sun riga sun yi aure a Amurka, inda yarinyar ta bi ta ƙaunatacciyar. A can guda biyu sun sami 'yar da ɗa.

Haduwa tare da matarsa na biyu

Yayinda yake a Amurka, Maxim da Marina Shostakovich sun ziyarci majami'u Orthodox da kuma gidajen duniyar. Da suka fi so wuri da aka karamin coci na St. Nicholas, gina ta da kokarin an yi fice a jirgin sama zanen Igorya Sikorskogo. A yanke shawarar komawa Rasha ne ma'aurata suka yi bayan da 'ya'yansu suka fara girma. Sun bukaci zuriyarsu su girma cikin rukuni na Rasha kuma su kasance a cikin al'adun Orthodox. Duk da cewa mai gudanarwa da matarsa sun rayu a Moscow kafin su koma Amurka, bayan sun dawo ƙasarsu suka zauna a St. Petersburg, birnin da aka haifi Maxim Shostakovich. Mahaifin mai kula da iyali ya zauna a tsakiyar tsakiyar birni mai ban mamaki a kan Neva. Shostakovich ya koma musika, kuma Marina ya shiga ayyukan zamantakewa. Godiya ga kokarinta, an bude makaranta a St. Catherine's Church a St. Petersburg, inda yara, baya ga batutuwa masu mahimmanci, ana koyar da kiɗa, zane da rawa. Yarinyar Shostakovich da 'yar ta zama ɗayan ɗalibai na farko. Daga bisani, ma'aurata sun fara gina makarantar ilimi a Pavlovsk.

Komawa zuwa gudanar da aiki a Rasha

Bayan da ya tsaya a babban birnin Arewa, Maxim Shostakovich ya fara aikin sana'a. Music yana ci gaba da zama babban wuri a rayuwarsa. Mai gudanarwa ya fara aiki tare da orchestras a Moscow, St. Petersburg da sauran garuruwan Rasha. Bugu da ƙari, ya koma cikin rikodin ayyukan kuma ya fara gudanar da yawon shakatawa. A cewar Maxim Shostakovich, waƙar ya ba shi jin cewa mahaifinsa yana kusa da shi kuma yana farin cikin nasararsa.