Shekara Dubu tarihi na sukari, da samfurin ba tare da ba za mu iya yi

Mika wuyansu da alfarma, ko da undoubted hatsarori da sugar ga lafiyar dan adam, masana kimiyya sun dogon muhawara. Sa'an nan mu ce wannan samfurin da aka kusan m, to, ka ce cewa ya - a dama, domin duk cututtuka (af, a kuma fara nema a matsayin magani). Wannan - mai dadi matuqar wahala qwarai, sa'an nan - fari mutuwa. Amma ba za mu rush tsakaitãwa, saboda mun yanzu ba su je game da shi. Mene ne tarihin sugar, wannan samfurin wajibi ne a gare mu? Game inda kuma a lõkacin da ya bayyana, duba wannan labarin.

Shekara Dubu tarihi na sukari a cikin hotuna

Ko a zamanin d India fiye da 5000 da suka wuce, ya koya cire daga shuka - rake. Great warriors, suka shiga ƙasar India, kusantar da hankali ga ba a sani ba abu a gare su, da wuya, a cikin hanyar kananan lu'ulu'u, zaki da dandano. Shi ne mai raw sugar, na farko na sama, da wanda ya fara da tarihin sukari. Onesicritus, da Girkanci tarihi, da suka taho tare da Maris na sarki, aka sosai buga da gaskiyar cewa zuma bada kara, kuma ba tare da taimakon ƙudan zuma, game da wanda ya ce a cikin rahoton.

A India, da zaki lu'ulu'u samu daga kara ruwan 'ya'yan itace da hakar, da aka sani da "Saqqara" (a zahiri - yashi ko pebbles). A tushen kalma da kuma shiga daga baya zuwa cikin harsuna da yawa na duniya. Bayan duk, dubi duk sugar tare da daban-daban Ƙananan saɓani kira kusan guda! Wannan shi ne labarin da sukari, kamar yadda kalmomi.

Asalin da kara

Wannan inji aka horar da, mai yiwuwa, a lokacin da m al'umma, daga cikin mafi zamanin da. Kamar yadda yanzu bayanai na kimiyya, da haifuwa na kara domin samar da sukari - New Guinea. Bugu da ari, shi ya hankali yada a kan tsibirin, je zuwa Indiya da China, wanda kuma ya remarkably samu saba da aka horar da. A kasashen Larabawa ta zo daga India, da kuma yana da riga BC, inda aka girma domin ya sami wani sihiri fari crystal. Farisa farko koya yi ladabi sugar daga raw ta maimaita dafa abinci da samfur. Turawa matsahi na saba da shuka da kuma Kalam - sugar - daga wannan Larabawa da ba kara plantation a Madeira da Canary Islands. Sai ya zama mai riba kamfani. Alal misali, a Ingila, misali, riga a cikin 14th karni laban Goodies ba 44 fam na kudi.

Tafiyar da sukari

Fiye da shekara dubu biyu da suka wuce Farisa fara gudanar da wani sugar to Arabia, Misira da kuma Rum. A cewar Pliny, a waɗannan kwanaki, sugar da aka samar a cikin hanyar kananan fari (da girman da wani irin goro) guda da kuma ake amfani da yafi a magani. A m tsari, da samfurin da sauki ga a hawa kan tsawon nisa. Ya fara ta samar da tafiyar ta hanyar Central Asia sa'an nan a cikin Rum tashoshin jiragen ruwa da kuma daga can - to Girka da Roma.

The Middle Ages da Renaissance

A tarihin sukari a cikin "duhu" Middle Ages: wannan samfurin da aka dauke da wani magani da aka sayar, yafi a Pharmacy. Duk da haka, wasu masana tarihi gardamar cewa likitoci yi karin kamar yadda shopkeepers sayar da dadi m 'yan ƙasa. Kirista Turai underestimates wannan samfurin, wanda aka hankali fara ta baza a gidan sarauta, da kuma kotuna receptions. An yi imani da cewa wata babbar rawa a cikin yaduwar sugar a Turai, buga Yan Salibiyya. Da shi shi ne karon farko da suka bude domin Turawa Arab rake plantations a Palestine, Syria. A wurin taron kara settles a kudancin Italiya da Faransa.

A 15th karni, Venice aka haife samar aiki na raw zuwan daga cinikayya da India. Mai ladabi sugar daukan kan wani conical siffar da aka aika zuwa ta kara tafiya fadin Turai. Wani babban birnin kasar cinikayya da kuma aiki na da samfurin zama Portuguese Lisbon.

Ci na Amirka da kasashen Turai

A kaifi nuna a cikin "sugar" labaru - da ci na New World. Columbus a Santo Domingo aka dasa Canarian kara domin samar da sweets. A farkon 16th karni, a can ya kasance fiye da ashirin masana'antu da samar da albarkatun sugar sa'an nan zalunta da shi. Cortes zo da kara zuwa Mexico da kuma Mexico plantations ne ma m. Ga samfurin lashe Brazil, Peru da kuma sauran kasashe, wanda ake ma ta rufe sugar plantations. A Turai, wannan kasuwanci kadan bayan. Kusan a karni daga baya, shi an haɗa zuwa kungiyar na plantation, Faransa da kuma Portugal, Italiya da kuma Spain.

duniya yawon shakatawa

A farkon karni na 19th, na farko tafiya a duniya na sukari! Yana dade 'yan shekara dubu. An fara tare da Pacific Islands, sugar nasara da dukan nahiyoyi, ya yanzu - International samfurin a kan dama.

A tarihin sugar a Rasha

A samfurin karo na farko samun zuwa Rasha wani lokaci a cikin 12th karni, amma a farko bai dauki tushen, ba lallai ba ne, kamar yadda suka faɗa, to tebur. Kasashen waje samfurin bayyana a kan sarauta tebur a cikin 16th karni, godiya ga ci gaban teku ciniki hanya ta Arkhangelsk. The real labarin na sukari a Rasha ya fara a cikin tsakiyar karni 17th (amma sai a Vogue - shayi da kuma kofi). Ga samfurin qara a kayayyaki daga kasashen waje, amma sai ya zauna m da quite tsada.

Tsar Bitrus yayi kokarin magance matsalar ta hanyar bukata daya daga cikin yan kasuwa bude da kuma kula da a da kansa kudi a sugar factory (ko da bayar da umarni a kan al'amarin). Ga wasu lokaci da sugar shigo da aka kare da kuma maye gurbinsu da wani cikakken m samar. Amma taki na bukatar ci gaba da girma, da kuma a cikin 18th karni, masana'antun suna racking su tarar da kwakwalwarmu a sami wani sabon tushe na raw kayan. Son da aka bai wa gwoza kamar sugar-dauke da samfurin. Wannan kayan da aka samu nasarar maye gurbin filin na samar da kara tsĩrar. Tun daga nan, da shigo da sugar karshe an maye gurbinsu da mai gida. Wannan shi ne labarin da sukari - ga yara da kuma manya, duk daya - babban abu cewa wannan zaƙi ne mai muhimmanci da kuma zama dole ga bil'adama samfurin, ba tare da abin da muka kasance riga wuya a yi!