Sentimentalism a adabi, da manyan siffofin da kuma wakilan

Kalmar "sentimentalism" (ƙwarai) a cikin art na tunani da aka kira jaddada tunanin underpinnings dukkan siffofin rayuwa. Sentimentalism a adabi da aka wakilta wani tsaran biyu Western da kuma Rasha artists na kalmar, duk da cewa zamanin da ya dade a takaice in mun gwada lokaci - daga farkon 18th zuwa farkon karni na 19th. A haifuwa daga wallafe-wallafen Genre ne United Kingdom. A nan a karshen na biyu shekaru goma na 18th karni da aka haife kuma ya zama available zuwa janar mai karatu "Hudu Seasons" by James Thomson. Wannan wallafe-wallafen aikin kunsha da dama a baya disparate waqe sanar wa mutane da soyayya na duniya a kusa da su. Kowane waka bayyana ga mai karatu da ban mamaki duniyar yankunan karkara shimfiɗa, kuma kyau na kasa shimfidar.

Thomson dauki baton English marubuci Thomas Gray a elegy "Karkara hurumi". Marubucin kuma kokarin goyon mai karatu bayanin irin yanayi, farkarwa soyayya a gare shi, ko kuma a kalla jin kai ga sauki kauyen kowa mutane, wanda ke zaune kawai da aiki tukuru domin mai kyau na iyali da kuma kasar. All aiki ne Ribar Gray tunani a kan rayuwar karkara mutane, wanda ba shi da wani m da kuma melancholic hali. Sentimentalism a adabi kokari ne hade da sunayen Laurence Sterne ( "m Journey") da kuma Samuel Richardson ( "Clarissa Harlowe"). Na biyu ba rubuta game da yanayi, da ma'anar aikinsa ne don bayyana daban-daban adam haruffa, kazalika da rabo na masu mallakarsu. Richardson hikima ya sanya a saboda lokaci duk saman Turanci jama'a hargowa da damu, soyayya da kuma ki jinin da babban haruffa daga cikin ayyukansa.

Sentimentalism a Faransa adabi dangantaka da m ayyukan Zhana Zhaka Rousseau da kuma Jacques de Saint-Pierre. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar da m yanayi na Turanci marubuta halitta irin ayyukan da suna "The Life of Marianne", "New Eloise", "Paul et Virginie". A cikin litattafan da Faransa marubuta na cikin tsakiyar karni 18th aka mamaye hade da m haruffa jin zuciya a kan backdrop na halitta kyakkyawa: birane Parks, gandun daji da tabkuna da koguna. Musamman yanzu a cikin wallafe-wallafen harkarsa zo de Saint-Pierre, canjawa leoyan 'Paul et Virginie' labari a m Afirka ta Kudu. Mai karatu na ayyukan da ya bayyana da biyu a soyayya matasa da suke zaune daga birane smog da bustle, shi kadai tare da budurwa yanayi da m ji.

Sentimentalism a Rasha adabi bayyana kanta kawai a karshe shekaru da dama na 18th karni, a lokacin da wahayi zuwa gare ta ga ayyukan Goethe, Richardson, kuma Russo Nikolay Karamzin ya rubuta "wasikun a Rasha matafiyi". Ya kamata a lura da cewa a nan gaba Karamzin samu dozin koyi, duka a cikin farkon karni na 19th, da kuma shekaru masu yawa daga baya. Aikinsa "Poor Liza" ne mai real fitacciyar na Rasha m litattafan. Labarin wani matalauci, sihirce mutumin yarinya lashe zukatan yawa dubban masu karatu. Alexander Izmailov, wahayi zuwa gare ta da labari, ya rubuta a 1801 ya "Poor Masha", Ivan Svechinskaya - "Henrietta" (1802). Babban fasali na Rasha sentimentalism ne:

• da sadaukarwa na nishaɗi, da predominance na jin kan nufin mutum.
• richness na ciki duniya na leoyan.
• sadaukar da high akida na heroes, sunã madawwama search for real ji.

Dalilin da Rasha sensuous litattafan da aka haifar da wani sabon poetic harshe, wanda ya kamata ya maye gurbin tsohon da kuma dogon-grandiloquent harshen kanta izzhivshemu aristocrats. Abin baƙin ciki, ko sa'a, da wannan bai faru ba. A shekarar 1820, Rasha sentimentalism gaba daya m kanta da kuma burinta zauna unfulfilled.

Yau, da yawa masana tarihi da kuma art tarihi ayan yi imani da cewa m wallafe-wallafen motsi da aka sani kawai wucewa mataki a cikin ci gaban adabin duniya a general. Sentimentalism a wallafe-wallafen na tsakiyar 18th karni da aka tsaka-tsakin mataki daga classicism zuwa romanticism. Zama kyakkyawan dole ba, ya gaji kansa, haka bude hanya ga wani sabon wallafe-wallafen Trend.