Sel macrophages. Mẽne ne, kuma abin da bã su da ayyuka

Wannan labarin ya tattauna da samuwar inji na rigakafi, Ina nufin Properties na jiki kare ta Kwayoyin da kasashen waje abubuwa (antigens) ko pathogens (kwayoyin da ƙwayoyin cuta). Rigakafi za a iya kafa a hanyoyi biyu. A farko an kira humoral da kuma halin da ƙarni na musamman m sunadaran - gamma-globulin, da kuma na biyu - da cell, wanda dogara ne a kan sabon abu daga phagocytosis. An sa da samuwar a cikin gabobin alaka da endocrine da kuma rigakafi da tsarin, musamman Kwayoyin: lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, macrophages.

Sel, macrophages: abin da yake da shi?

Macrophages tare da sauran m sel (monocytes) ne babbar Tsarin phagocytosis - kama aiwatar da narkewa daga kasashen waje abubuwa ko pathogens wanda barazana ga al'ada rayuwa da kwayoyin. Aka bayyana m inji aka gano da kuma karatu da Rasha physiologist Mechnikov a 1883. Ya kuma an gano cewa, salon salula rigakafi yana nufin phagocytosis - m martani da kare Kwayoyin daga genome na tareda žata sakamako na waje jamiái, kira antigens.

Wajibi ne a fahimci batun: da macrophages - Kwayoyin cewa shi ne wannan? Ka tuna da cytogenesis. Wadannan Kwayoyin suna samu daga monocytes, wanda sun bar cikin jini da kuma shiga cikin nama. Wannan tsari shine ake kira diapedesis. A sakamakon shi ne samuwar macrophages a parenchyma na hanta, huhu, Lymph nodes da baƙin ciki.

Alal misali, alveolar macrophages aka farko tuntube tare da kasashen waje abubuwa makale a cikin huhu parenchyma ta musamman rabe. Sa'an nan waɗannan rigakafi Kwayoyin mamaye da nike antigens da pathogens, game da shi, kare na numfashi gabobin daga pathogenic jamiái da gubobi, kazalika da lalata barbashi mai guba da sinadarai a cikin huhu da rabo daga iska a lokacin wahayi. Bugu da kari, an nuna cewa matakin rigakafi aiki na alveolar macrophages kama m jini Kwayoyin - monocytes.

Features na sifa da aiki na rigakafi Kwayoyin

Phagocytic Kwayoyin suna da wani takamaiman cytological tsarin, wanda kayyade aiki na macrophages. Su jikin tantanin yake iya kafa pseudopodia hidima ga gripping da enveloping waje barbashi. A cytoplasm ne cike da narkewa kamar wasu gabbansa - lysosomes tabbatar lysis na da gubobi, ƙwayoyin cuta, ko kwayoyin. Mitochondria ne ma yanzu, rairaya da kwayoyin adenosine triphosphate, wanda shi ne babban makamashi abu macrophages. Akwai tsarin na shambura da kuma tubular - da endoplasmic reticulum da furotin-rairaya da wasu gabbansa - ribosomes. Na bukatar kasancewar daya ko fiye nuclei, sau da yawa na sababbu siffar. Polynuclear macrophages kira symplasts. Suna kafa a sakamakon kwayuka karyokinesis, ba tare da raba mafi yawan cytoplasm.

iri macrophages

Wajibi ne a yi la'akari da wadannan, ta yin amfani da Kalmar "macrophages" cewa wannan ba daya irin rigakafi Tsarin da bambancin tsitosistema. Alal misali, rarrabe gyarawa da kuma free m Kwayoyin. Na farko da kungiyar hada alveolar macrophages, phagocytes parenchyma cavities da kayan ciki. Har ila yau, tsayayyen da na rigakafi da Kwayoyin ba a cikin abun da ke ciki na osteoblasts da Lymph nodes. Daffo da jini-forming gabobin - hanta, saifa, da ja bargo - kuma dauke da tsayayyen macrophages.

Mene ne wani cell-sulhu tsakani rigakafi

The sama iri phagocytes makrofagicheskuyu hade a wani inganci sosai tsarin wanda kai tsaye bayar da ikon su yi tsayayya pathogenic kuma mai guba jamiái, kuma ya halaka su da kamawa da kuma narkewa. Bugu da ƙari, ta hanyar salula rigakafi tsarin samar da antibodies samar da T- da B-lymphocytes, wanda daura surface antigens da ƙwayoyin cuta, kwayoyin cuta da kuma kwayuka parasites rickettsiae da chlamydiae.

Gefe rigakafi jini-forming gabobin, gabatar tonsils, saifa, kuma Lymph nodes, samar da wani aikin guda tsarin cewa hadu da jini, da kuma immunogenez.

Rawar da macrophages a cikin samuwar rigakafi memory

Bayan lamba tare da antigen Kwayoyin iya phagocytosis, da karshen ne iya "tuna" da biochemical profile na pathogen da alhakin antibody samar da shi sake shigar azzakari cikin farji cikin rayayyen tantanin halitta ba. Akwai biyu siffofin immunological memory: tabbatacce kuma korau. Dukansu biyu suna da sakamakon ayyuka na lymphocytes samar a cikin thymus, saifa, plaques a cikin hanji bango da Lymph nodes. Wadannan sun hada da Kalam da lymphocytes - Kwayoyin da monocytes - macrophages.

A tabbatacce immunological memory ne ma physiological dalilin wani alurar riga kafi a matsayin wata hanya ta hana cututtuka. Tun lokacin da ƙwaƙwalwar Kwayoyin sauri gane antigens da suke a cikin maganin, su nan da nan hadu da m samuwar m antibodies. The sabon abu na wani mummunan rigakafi memory aka ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi a dasawa don rage matakin na kin amincewa da transplanted gabobin da kyallen takarda.

Da dangantakar da hematopoietic da kuma rigakafi da tsarin

All Kwayoyin hannu jiki domin ta kariya da pathogens da guba abubuwa generated a cikin bargo, wanda kuma hematopoietic sashin jiki. Thymus ko thymus alaka da endocrine tsarin, da aiki da tushe tsarin rigakafi. A cikin jikin mutum, da kuma ja bargo, thymus da suke, a gaskiya, da babba gabobin da immunogenesis.

Phagocytic Kwayoyin halakar pathogens cewa yawanci tare da kumburi a kan kamuwa da kyallen takarda da kuma gabobin. Suka samar na musamman sashi - platelet Kunna factor (PAF), wanda qara permeability na jini. Saboda haka, babban adadin macrophages daga jini zuwa isa wurin da pathogen, kuma ya halaka shi.

Bayan karatu macrophages - abin da irin Kwayoyin a abin da gabobin da suka suna samar da abin da ayyuka suna da za'ayi - mun gani cewa, tare da sauran iri lymphocytes (basophils, monocytes, eosinophils), su ne babban rigakafi Kwayoyin.