Saudi Arabia: Information, bayanai, janar halaye. Saudi Arabia: wani nau'i na gwamnati

"Kasar biyu masallatai" (Makka da Madina) - don haka daban-daban sukan kira Saudi Arabia. A tsari na gwamnati na jihar - da cikakkar daular mulkinsu. Kasa bayanai, taƙaitaccen tarihin da kuma bayanai game da tsarin siyasa na Saudi Arabia za ta taimaka don samun wani janar ra'ayin game da wannan kasar.

Overview

Saudi Arabia - mafi girma a kasar a kasar Larabawa. A arewa shi da iyaka da Iraqi, Kuwait da kuma Jordan a gabas - tare da Hadaddiyar daular Larabawa, da kuma Qatar, a kudu-maso-gabas - tare da Oman kuma a kudu - tare da Yemen. Yana rike da fiye da kashi 80 cikin dari na yankin, kuma da dama tsibiran a cikin Persian Gulf da Red Sea.

Fiye da rabin kasar ƙasa ne shagaltar da hamadar Rub 'al Khali. Bugu da kari, da arewa shi ne wani ɓangare na Syria Desert, kuma aka located a kudu na An-Nafud - wani babban hamada. Filato a tsakiyar kasar ne ya haye da dama koguna, yawanci bushe up a cikin zafi kakar.

Saudi Arabia ne musamman arziki a man. Riba daga sayar da "black zinariya" da gwamnatin partially kashe a cikin ci gaban da kasar, partially kashe a cikin kasashe masu masana'antu kuma yana amfani da su samar da rance ga sauran Larabawa iko.

Saudi gwamnatin - mai cikakkar daular mulkinsu. Musulunci yana gane a matsayin addinin jihar. Larabci ne na aikin harshe.

Sunan kasar ta ba hukuncin a ta iyali - Saudis. Shi ne babban birnin Riyadh. The yawan ne 22,7 miliyan mutane, mafi yawa Larabawa.

A farkon tarihin Arabia

A farkon karni BC a kan bankunan na Bahar Maliya ya Mineyskoe mulkin. Located a kan gabas Coast na Dilmun, wanda aka dauke da siyasa da al'adu Tarayya a yankin.

A 570 akwai wani taron cewa m al'adar Larabawa - Makka aka haife Muhammad, nan gaba Annabi. Koyarwarsa a zahiri kawo tarihin waɗannan ƙasashe, baya shafi musamman nau'i na gwamnati na Saudi Arabia da kuma kasar ta al'ada.

Mabiya annabi, da aka sani a matsayin Khalifofi (Khalifofi), ya lashe kusan dukkan yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya, kawo Musulunci. Duk da haka, tare da zuwan Khalifanci, wanda shi ne na farko babban birnin na Damascus, da kuma daga baya - Bagadaza, da darajar da annabi mahaifarsa hankali rasa da muhimmancin. A ƙarshen XIII karni na ƙasar Saudi Arabia yana da kusan gaba ɗaya karkashin ikon Misira, da kuma a cikin wani biyu da rabi ƙarni, waɗannan ƙasashe aka hakura da wani zuwa Ottoman Haikalin Ubangiji.

Ana zargin Saudi Arabia

A tsakiyar XVII karni, a jihar afka, wanda samu 'yancin kai daga Haikalin Ubangiji. A tsakiyar karni XIX ya zama babban birnin kasar Riyadh. Amma da yakin basasa da ya barke bayan 'yan shekaru, ya kai ga cewa da weakening na kasar da aka raba tsakanin makwabta iko.

A 1902, ɗan Sheikh Oasis Dirayyah, Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud, ya iya kai Riyadh. Shekaru hudu daga baya, a karkashin iko da shi ya kusan dukan afka. A 1932, inda suka jaddada musamman muhimmancin fādar a tarihi, ya hukumance ba kasar da sunan Saudi Arabia. A siffar jihar na Board a yarda da Saudis cimma cikakken iko a kan karkararta.

Tun tsakiyar karni na karshe, wannan jiha ya zama wata babbar Amurka Majibinci, kuma dabarun abokin tarayya a cikin yankin gabas ta tsakiya yankin.

Saudi Arabia: wani nau'i na gwamnati

Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Jihar hukuma bayyana Kur'ani da Sunnar Annabi Muhammad. Duk da haka, da tsarin gwamnati da na Saudi Arabia, da tsari na gwamnati da kuma janar ka'idojin tsare da hukumomi na Basic Law (Law), wadda ta zo a cikin karfi a shekarar 1992.

Wannan harka ta ƙunshi arziki furtawa cewa Saudi Arabia - wani sarki Musulunci jihar da tsarin mulki a cikinsa - mai monarchist. A jihar tsarin da kasar ta dogara ne a kan Sharia.

King na Saudi hukuncin iyali shi ne ma mai addini shugaba da kuma mafi girman dalĩli game da duk iri iko. A lokaci guda, ya yi aiki a matsayin babban shugaban sojoji, na da hakkin a yi alƙawura to duk key yakin da kuma soja posts, to daura yaki da dokar ta baci a kasar. Ya kuma gani ga general siyasa fuskantarwa Musulunci ya gana da matsayin da sa ido kwaikwayon na shari'ar musulunci ka'idojin.

jama'a hukumomi

Executive ikon a jihar da aka nuna ta hanyar kwamitin ministoci. Sarki ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ta, ya ya da hannu a cikin ta samuwar da reorganization. Nizam, amince da majalisar ministocin kasar da za su kawo a cikin karfi da Royal Littãfin. Ministocin gangarawa ta dace ma'aikatu da ga cikin ayyukan da su ne ke da alhakin wa sarki.

A majalisar dokoki kuma sanya sarki, a cikin abin da Majalisar Bada Shawara tare da shawara hakkin. Members na wannan majalisar sun bayyana ra'ayoyinsu a kan daftarin Nizam dauka da ministocin. Shugaban Shawarwari Board da sittin daga cikin Membobinta an kuma nada ta monarch (for shekaru hudu).

A shugaban ma'aikatar shari'a ne Koli Harkokin Shari'a ta kasa. A kan tsari na Board of Sarki ya nada da kuma watsi da alƙalai.

Saudi Arabia, da tsari na gwamnati da kuma tsarin siyasa wanda dogara ne a kan kusan cikakken iko na sarki da veneration na addinin Musulunci, a hukumance ba ta da kwadago ko jam'iyyun siyasa. A ma'aikatar wani addini baicin musulunci, an kuma haramta.