Margarita Aliger mawãƙi: biography, kerawa

Margarita Aliger, wanda biography ne na gaske sha'awa daga magoya na ta aikin - sanannen Soviet mawãƙi, sãka musu da Stalin Prize na biyu digiri na waka "Zoe" wani m feat na Soviet yarinya Zoe Kosmodemyanskoy.

yara

A 'yan qasar na birnin Odessa, Margarita Aliger, biography wanda muka gani, an haife ni a Oktoba 7, 1915 zuwa Yahudawa iyali na tausayin jami'ai. Inna da aka uwargida, mahaifinsa - da yake iya fahimce Malamai mutum, domin ciyar da iyalinsa, kokarin yin ta kowane hanya: bada darussa, ya yi aiki a wani iri-iri tebur, fassara. Rita ne ya kawai da yawa ƙaunar yaro. A lokacin da ta 9 da shekaru da haihuwa, mahaifinsa ya shũɗe.

Metropolitan rai

Daga farkon yara, da yarinya da aka sosai m na karatu, fifita ayyukan Pushkin, kuma Nekrasov, da kuma sanya farko yunkurin rubuta Lines wakoki. Ya wallafa wani littafi da basira, ta fara nuna a cikin makaranta shekaru, gama dukan holidays da kuma manyan abubuwan da suka faru. Bayan shekara bakwai na makaranta da ci gaba ta karatu a sinadaran fasaha makaranta, ya yi aiki a layi daya a factory da kuma shirye su danganta rayukansu tare da sunadarai. Bayan shekaru biyu, Margarita gane cewa tsakiyar zuwa ta rayuwa shi ne shayari kuma wallafe-wallafe. A shekaru 16 da ta bar makaranta da kuma koma Moscow, inda ta yi ta m halarta a karon. Kasawa jarrabawa kwaleji, ta dauki kashe da kusurwa, ya tafi aiki, da farko a matsayin leburare OGIZ Institute, kuma daga baya a cikin factory jarida. A shekara ta 1933, ya fara da za a buga a cikin "Ogonyok" magazine, kasancewa akai saurarõnsu ya wallafa wani littafi da darussa: na farko wallafe sun waqe "Rain" da "Yau da kullum rayuwa".

Margarita Aliger: kerawa

A 1934, Margaret ya zama dalibi na Cibiyar Wallafe-wallafe mai suna bayan Maxim Gorky, inda da horo ya faru har 1937. Active bazawa na waqoqi da kuma jama'a bayyanuwa ya fara a 1935: duniya gan irin tarin kamar yadda "Year of Birth", "Duwatsu da ciyawa", "Railway". Daga 1934 zuwa 1939, Margaret tafiya mai yawa, ziyarci Birnin Leningrad, Karelia, Central Asia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Belarus da kuma Ukraine. Irin wannan ziyara sun gudummawar da haihuwar sabon waqe, wanda aka wallafa daban-daban wallafa ɗã'ã. Ga fassarar aikin, da hatsi a lokacin da aka mika shekaru da yawa, shi ya janyo hankulan manyan sarakuna Lugovskoy V. da P. Antokolsky. Literary fassarorin Margarita sanya shi yiwu ga Rasha karatu don matsahi na saba da ayyukan mawallafa daga kasashe daban-daban da kuma fuskanci asali da kuma individuality kowane daga cikinsu.

lambar yabo ta farko

Margarita Aliger ne daya daga hudu kasida (Simonov, E. Dolmatovsky, M. Matusovsky), hada da wata aya wasika zuwa ga jaruntakar mutane na Spain a lokacin yakin basasa a kasar, wanda shi ne dalilin da hankalin Stalin da juyayi ga mawãƙi aiki. Kamar mafi yawan daga cikin Sahaban a 30s Aliger Margarita losifovna rayu a cikin ikon data kasance camfin game da Tarayyar Soviet a matsayin wanda ya kafa sabuntawa na duniya, a cikin al'ummar, na Tarayyar Soviet a matsayin mafi adalci kuma mafi kyau, game da Stalin - kamar yadda wani mai hikima da kuma mai girma shugaban. Mawãƙi shiga cikin Komsomol, da kuma a 1938 Margaret ya memba na Writers 'Union da kuma memba na gundumar kwamitin Krasnaya Presnya. A 1939, da mawãƙi aka bayar da farko gwamnati lambar yabo - da Order na Badge na karimci.

Rayuwar iyali Margarity Aliger

A 1937 Margarita Aliger, wanda biography ne kakkarfan dangankata da wakoki da kuma adabi, halitta a iyali da matasa mawaki Konstantin Makarov-Rakitin. A can farko na zaune tare iyali arziki sanadin tuntuɓe, a kan abu rai: wani rai ba ya wadatar ko da biyu sukolashif. Bayan wata azãba mai da tsawo rashin lafiya shekara guda tsohon yaron ya mutu a cikin biyu, mijin da yardar ransa ga gaban da aka kashe a farkon kwanaki na yaki. A ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da matarsa, wanda mutuwa Margarita aka wuya za ta hanyar, ta sadaukar da waka "Da wani harsashi a cikin zuciyata, ina rayuwa a duniya" da "Music." Constantine gudanar ya rubuta waqoqi a kan matarsa kamar wata songs kuma piano guda: da haske da kuma melodic. Daga wannan aure, a cikin hannun Marguerite zauna ya Tatiana, kuma baya to connect da ransa tare da shayari. Ya mutu daga jini ciwon daji a 1974. The mahaifin na biyu yarinya Masha ya Alexander Fadeev, a lokacin aure to Angelina Stepanova - actress na Moscow Art gidan wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma kashe kansa a shekarar 1956. Autan 'yar shaidu - mai kyau sosai yarinya, wani iyali tare da Jamus mawãƙi Hans Magnus Entsensergerom, ya koma tare da shi zuwa Jamus. Rayuwar iyali bai yi aiki ba, Maria zauna a London, aka tsunduma a rubuce littattafai da articles, fassara daga Ingilishi, wanda ya san daidai. Nan da nan, duk ya kashe kansa a shekarar 1991.

Margarita Aliger: Poems na yaki

Daga 1938 zuwa 1940 Margaritoy Aliger uku littattafai na waqoqi da aka buga, shirya sabon ayyukan, amma shi ya canza yaki, kai tsaye da kuma nan da nan sa hannu a cikin abin da Marguerite ji ta wuya, kullum aikin a wartime yanayi, da abinda ke ciki na biyu yara da kuma raye - kamar rayuwar mutane da yawa, miliyoyin Soviet mata, sojoji 'uwayenku, gwauraye da kuma marayu. Tun da farkon yakin Aliger Margarita losifovna yi aiki a kewaye Leningrad soja wakilinmu ga jaridar "Stalin ta Falcons" a kan aiki Editocin aka kullum tafiya zuwa sassa daban daban na gaba. Collections ya waqe ( "A memory na jarumi", "Poems kuma Poems", "Lyrics") Aliger sadaukar wa waɗanda suka yi, yana tsaye a kan gaba wajen da risking kowane minti mutu kare su kasa; shi ne kawai godiya ga wadannan jarumi zukata, ta kuma miliyoyin Soviet 'yan ƙasa za su iya rayuwa, aikin da imani a nan gaba. A 1942 da ya rubuta da waka "Zoe," wanda ya gaya game da feat Zoe Kosmodemyanskoy. Don ƙirƙirar wannan sanannen ayyukan Margarita rayayye tattara abu, na sadu da mutanen da suka san Zoe: mahaifiyarta, malamai, abokai, ƙungiyõyinsu a gabãninsu daga cikin tsari na wata yarinya karanta ta makaranta motsa jiki littattafai, bayanin kula da littattafai, ayyuka ne da suka kai ga bukatar rubuta game da heroism na Soviet mata. Daidai saboda wannan samfurin sunan Margarity Aliger sami daraja da kuma zama wata alama ce m farfaganda. Domin da waka "Zoe" Margarita Aliger umurnin sanya hannu da Stalin a kan Maris 21 , 1943 aka bayar da Stalin Prize na biyu digiri. 2 makonni baya, a ranar 3 Afrilu, a cikin jaridu da aka buga wata wasika daga Marguerite, a cikin abin da mawãƙi tambaye ni in ba da premium samu a cikin adadin 50 000 rubles da bukatun da Red Army da kuma bunkasa ta makamai damar. Duk da haka, wannan karimci yi ba a ambace shi a ko'ina. Nasarar da waka "Zoe" hurarre Margarita don ƙirƙirar wani ban mamaki aiki tare da wannan batu. Saboda haka da play-drama "The Tale da gaskiya" da aka halitta, wadda take da babbar nasara tsakanin wasan kwaikwayo masu sauraro. Bayan Stalin ta mutuwa, Margaret aka ayyana da sukar "mediocre" mawãƙi ne.

A karshe shekaru ransa mawãƙi

A shekarar 1955, mawãƙi Margarita Aliger halarci halittar wani "Literary Moscow" - abin da ake kira narke Almanac, ya memba na Union of Writers na RSFSR da kuma Tarayyar Soviet.

A 60-70 shekaru, da mawãƙi ya ci gaba da wallafe-wallafen aiki, ta ayyuka suna a kai a kai da aka buga, Margaret ziyarci kasashe da dama da kuma rubuta a sake zagayowar waqe-waqe kamar "Japanese Notes", "biyu tarurruka", "bakin ciki Spain", "Daga Faransa Littafin Rubutu" "Italiya ne raina", "Poems daga nesa," "koma Chile." A 70 ga watan shekara ya zo na biyu da kundin, wanda aka buga waqoqi da waqe Margarity Aliger, a shekarar 1984 - da uku-girma tarin ayyukansu.

Margarita Aliger, biography ne mai gaske sha'awa a cikin halin yanzu tsara, wanda yake so ya taba da soja da, ya rasu 1 ga watan Agusta, 1992 a cikin kusanci da ya villa a wani hatsari: fadi cikin wata mai zurfi tsanya. Mawãƙi binne shi a makabarta a Peredelkino kusa da 'ya'ya mata.