Stephen Hawking ta cutar. A tarihin da cutar Stephen Hawking

Likita daga Ingila Stiven Hoking aka sani ba kawai a tsarar masana kimiyya. Mutane da yawa kwatanta shi da mashawarta masana kimiyya kamar Einstein da Newton. Hawking da alaka da msar tambayar kimiyyar lissafi da kuma amfani da lissafi, sarari da kuma lokaci ka'idar, binciko muhimman hakkokin dokokin da cewa fitar da talikai. Stephen ne mai matukar tasiri masanin kimiyya na zamani sau, ya shugaban sashen Jami'ar Cambridge.

Amma da labarin Stephen Hawking - m shawo kan wani m cutar, wanda ke tafiya tare da shi kusan na dukan balagaggun rai. Wannan ban mamaki mutum ya iya gane marasa iyaka yiwuwa na zuciyar dan Adam, da shan wahala daga amyotrophic kaikaice sclerosis.

Brief biography na kimiyyar

Stephen Hawking aka haife kan Janairu 8, 1942 a wani iyali na zuwa tsakiyar aji. Duk da haka, uwãyensa sun kasance masu digiri na Oxford, kuma sun kasance dauke masana. Stephen an talakawa yaro, amma a shekaru 8, ya koya don karanta. A makaranta ne mai kyau dalibi, amma kome fice ba daban-daban daga takwarorina.

Feeling a high amfani a kimiyyar lissafi, ya shiga sashen Physics a Oxford, wanda bai nuna yawa wazo da su koyi, to ciyar more lokaci wasa wasanni da kuma partying. Duk da wannan, ya ya iya a 1962 kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko awarding. Stephen zauna na wani lokaci a Oxford da kuma karatu sunspots, amma daga baya ya yi niyyar zuwa Cambridge. Akwai ya shiga cikin msar tambayar ilmin taurari.

Stephen Hawking ta rashin lafiya da ya fara da za a ji a farkon lokacin da zamani na Cambridge University. Kuma a shekarar 1963, wani m ganewar asali ya wani saurayi - amyotrophic kaikaice sclerosis (ALS).

Mene ne ALS?

Yana da wani kullum cutar na tsakiya m tsarin, wanda sannu a hankali ci gaba. An halin raunuka na bawo da brainstem, da kuma laka neurons alhakin motsi. Marasa lafiya ci gaba inna, sa'an nan atrophy na tsokoki.

A Turai, cutar Stephen Hawking na dogon lokaci da za a kira a cikin girmamawa ga masanin kimiyya Charcot, wanda ya bayyana bayyanar cututtuka a tsakiyar XIX karni. A Amurka, da cutar ne sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin Goering ta cuta a cikin memory daga wani m wasan} wallon kwandon da suka mutu daga ALS.

Amyotrophic a kaikaice sclerosis - shi ne mai rare cuta. Na 100 da mutane dubu da suka sha wahala daga daya zuwa biyar. Mafi sau da yawa, mutane da rashin lafiya daga 40 zuwa shekaru 50. Stephen Hawking ta cuta, da Sanadin waxanda suke ba a sani ba, babu wani magani. Kimiyya har yanzu ba zai iya gane dalilin da yasa gudu mutuwa na jijiya Kwayoyin. Gadar hali taka wata rawa a game da 10% na lokuta.

Duk da haka, a cikin farkon 2000s, masu bincike sun nuna cewa, ALS ake dangantawa da jari a cikin kwakwalwa neurotransmitter kwayoyin. Wasu shaida da shawara cewa cutar tasowa saboda matsanancin glutamic acid, yana sa neurons aiki a cike iya aiki, da kuma haka da sauri halaka. A halin yanzu shi ne rayayye bincika genes alhakin ci gaban amyotrophic kaikaice sclerosis. Ko ba gaskiya cewa da yawa aikin miyagun ƙwayoyi samu daga wannan cuta, shi ne na 100% mace-mace.

Alamun da kuma shakka na cuta

Stephen Hawking ta cuta, wanda bayyanar cututtuka ana iya rikita batun tare da bayyanar da wasu, kasa hatsari cututtuka, shi ne insidious. Na farko, mutumin ji m tsoka cuta (mafi sau da yawa hannun). Wannan aka nuna a cikin matsaloli, kamar rubuce-rubuce, buttoning, kai kananan abubuwa.

Da zarar cutar ta fara don ci gaba, da kuma a kan aiwatar da hankali mutu motor neurons na kashin baya, kuma tare da su, da kuma sassa na kwakwalwa da sarrafa son rai ƙungiyoyi. A sakamakon haka, mafi kuma mafi tsoka ne babu motsi ba tare da samun hasken dake fitowa daga cikin kwakwalwa.

Amyotrophic a kaikaice sclerosis, samu da sunan saboda neurons cewa gudanar da hasken dake fitowa to tsokoki na jikin located a tarnaƙi a ko'ina cikin laka.

Popular sau da yawa a farkon matakai da cutar da wahala tare da jawabin da hadiya. A baya matakai na wani mutum quite bã tãre da zirga-zirga, da mutum rasa gyara man fuska magana da harshe tsoka atrophy, a can ne drooling. Duk da haka, ba ciwo, ba ya ji.

Stephen Hawking ta cuta ko tsanani, saboda shi ya sa shi shanyayyen, amma ba ta da shafi tunanin mutum da tafiyar matakai. Memory, ji, da hangen nesa, da sani, fahimi kwakwalwa ayyuka kasance canzawa.

Mene ne dalilin mutuwar a ALS marasa lafiya?

A karshe, saukarwa da cutar atrophy da numfashi tsokoki, don haka da cewa mutum ba zai iya numfashi. Ko da yake akwai kuma irin wannan cewa jiki ba tukuna cikakken gyaran, amma tsokoki da cewa suna da hannu a numfashi, gushe aiki.

Stephen Hawking ta rayuwa tare da ALS

Duk da mummunan ganewar asali, Stephen ci gaba aiki rayuwa. Duk da haka, da cututtuka da kansu ji. Kuma bayan wani tabarbarewar Hawking tafi zuwa asibiti domin wani jarrabawa, inda ya aka gaya wa m labarai cewa ya zama ba fãce shekaru biyu. Bayan wannan labarai, kowane mutum zai sun auku a wani ciki, ya ba togiya da kuma Stephen. Amma da ƙishirwa domin rayuwa ya lashe, ya kuma fara rubuta masa sabawa rubuce-rubucensu. Hawking nan suka gane cewa har yanzu akwai lokaci zuwa aikata wani abu worthwhile, wani abu da amfani ga duniya.

Stephen Hawking ta rashin lafiya ba ya hana shi a shekarar 1965 da yin aure Jane Wilde, duk da haka, wa bikin aure ya zo tare da wani kara. Matarsa san game da mummunan ganewar asali, amma ya yanke shawarar ya kebe da Handpicked dukan rayuwata kula da shi, yayin da ya yi aiki, productively, tsunduma a kimiyya da ayyukan. Tare da suke shafe fiye da shekaru 20 da haihuwa, da aure da 'ya'ya uku haife. Godiya ga Dzheyn Stiven kullum horar da, ko ana rabin shanyayye.

Amma ya zauna tare da wani mutum fama da ALS, yana da matukar wuya. Saboda haka, a cikin farkon 90s da biyu saki. Duk da haka Hawking aka bar shi kadai domin dogon. Ya aure ta renonsa. The aure dade shekaru 11.

kimiyya da ayyukan

Stephen Hawking, cutar da cewa ya cigaban da kimiyya aiki, ya kare rubutun a shekarar 1966, kuma a shekara koma ba tare da wata kara da crutches. Bayan nasara tsaro, ya fara aiki a Cambridge College Gonville da Caius a matsayin mai bincike.

Yi amfani da keken hannu da tun shekarar 1970, amma duk da wannan, tsakanin shekarar 1973 da kuma 1879 Hawking yi aiki a Jami'ar Cambridge Faculty of aiyuka lissafi da kuma Irfanin Physics, inda ya zama farfesa a 1977.

Likita Stiven Hoking daga shekarar 1965 zuwa shekarar 1970, gudanar da bincike a kan jihar na duniya a cikin Big Bang. A shekarar 1970 ya yi karatu da ka'idar baki ramukan, na tsara da dama theories. A sakamakon da ya kimiyya aikin , ya sanya wata babbar gudummawa ga cosmology da kuma ilmin taurari, kazalika da fahimtar da ka'idar nauyi da kuma baki ramukan. Godiya ta zuwa ga hayayyafa aikin Hawking ya zama ma'abũcin wani babban yawan lambobin yabo da kyaututtuka.

Up har 1974 da masanin kimiyyar iya yi a kan nasu, da kuma samun up da kuma je gado. Wasu lokaci bayan rashin lafiya ya tilasta neman taimako na dalibai, amma daga baya ya yi hayan wani kwararren m.

Stiven Hoking wajen sauri rasa ikon rubuta saboda atrophy na tsokoki na hannuwanku. Don shirya hadaddun matsaloli da lissafai, gina da kuma ganin jadawalai ya tuna. Ya sha wahala da kuma vocal na'ura na masanin kimiyya, an gane ta ne kawai kusa abokai da kuma waɗanda suka yi m lamba tare da shi. Duk da wannan, Stephen dictating kimiyya takardunku da laccoci sakataren, amma shi gaskiya ne, tare da taimakon tafinta.

rubuce-rubuce

The masanin kimiyya yanke shawarar yada kimiyya da kuma a 1980 ya fara aiki a kan littafin, wanda aka mai taken "A Brief History of Time." Ya yi bayani game da kwayoyin halitta, lokaci da kuma sarari, ka'idar baki ramukan da kuma Big Bang. Author guji hadaddun ilmin lissafi sharuddan da lissafai, suna begen cewa kowa mutane za su yi sha'awar a cikin littafin. Kuma haka ya faru. Steven kuma fatan cewa aikinsa zai zama haka rare. A shekarar 2005, Hawking rubuta wani littafi na biyu, ya kuma ba shi sunan "A Briefer History of Time." An sadaukar da latest aukuwa a cikin filin na msar tambayar ilmin taurari.

Sadarwa tare da waje duniya ta amfani da wata dabara

A shekarar 1985, Hawking kamu da ciwon huhu. Steven gaba daya m saboda tilasta tracheotomy. Damu mutane ajiye wani masanin kimiyya daga shiru. Ga shi aka ɓullo da kwamfuta shirin cewa ba ka damar amfani da Doke shi gefe na wani yatsa liba zuwa zabi kalmomin da aka nuna a kan duba da kuma hadawa su a cikin phrases, wadda daga ƙarshe ta aika zuwa wani jawabin synthesizer. Sadarwa da mutane ta hanyar fasahar kwamfuta Ya ƙwarai inganta rayuwar wani masanin kimiyya. Haka ma wata dama fassara ta amfani da sauti da alamomin lissafai na kimiyyar lissafi, wanda aka rubuta kalmomi. Yanzu, Steven koya da kansa zuwa lacca, amma suka yi sa a gaba da kuma aika zuwa ga jawabin synthesizer.

Bayan tsoka atrophy gaba daya gyaran reshe masanin kimiyya infrared haska aka sanya shi a cikin tabarau. Wannan ba ka damar zaɓar da haruffa duba.

ƙarshe

Duk da tsanani rashin lafiya, Stephen Hawking shi ne har yanzu sosai aiki a cikin 73 da shekaru. Ya zai zama da kishi na da yawa m mutane. Ya tafiya akai-akai, ba hirarraki, ya rubuta cewa littattafai, kokarin yada kimiyya, yin tsare-tsaren da nan gaba. Farfesa mafarki ne mai tafiya a kan wani sararin. Cutar ya sanar da shi ba domin ya kiyaye da kansa, saboda mutane da yawa da shi ba haka ba ne m. Ya yi imanin cewa, saboda haka dogon rayu saboda shafi tunanin mutum aiki da kyakkyawa kula kayayyakin.

Za mu iya cewa labarin Stephen Hawking - misali ne na gagarumar himma da kuma ƙarfin hali, wanda da kawai ka fi so.